Background:
The prevalence of wrist pain among gymnasts ranges from 46% to 79%. To alleviate wrist pain, gymnasts wear wrist guards/supports (WG/S).
Purpose:
To investigate the effect of WG/S on the ...wrist joint through joint moment, angles, total joint range of motion (ROM) arc, and ground-reaction force (GRF).
Study Design:
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used to investigate 23 female gymnasts (mean ± SD: age, 12.3 ± 1.5 years; height, 143.4 ± 7.6 cm; mass, 37.7 ± 6.6 kg; body mass index, 18.6 ± 2.9) who performed back handsprings (analyzed by first half phase 1 and second half phase 2) with the following 3 conditions: no WG/S, Skids/Ultimate Wrist Supports (S/UWS), and Tiger Paws (TP). Wrist joint moments, angles, total ROM arc, and GRF were examined by the 3 conditions using analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and effect size (Cohen d).
Results:
For mean wrist flexion moment, both S/UWS and TP showed significantly higher values than the no-WG/S condition in landing phase 1 (S/UWS: P = .001, d = 1.30; TP: P = .019, d = 0.87). In angle comparisons in landing phase 1, no WG/S showed greater mean wrist extension angles compared with S/UWS (P = .046; d = 0.80), but no significant differences with TP (P = .096; d = 0.65). Also, in landing phase 1, total ROM arc of the right wrist was greater in the no-WG/S condition compared with S/UWS (P = .018; d = 0.88), but there were no differences with TP (P = .400; d = 0.52).
Conclusion:
These data show an increased wrist flexion moment using S/UWS and TP compared with the no-WG/S condition in landing phase 1 of back handsprings. Also, increased wrist extension angles and total arc ROM of the right wrist were found in the no-WG/S condition compared with S/UWS, but not with TP in landing phase 1. S/UWS may be helpful to reduce wrist joint angles, specifically wrist extension in landing phase 1, but both S/UWS and TP caused higher wrist flexion joint moment in landing phase 1. There were no differences found in GFG among the three variables.
Clinical Relevance:
In the first half of the back handspring, wrist guards can limit wrist extension joint angles and total arc ROM; however, an increased wrist flexion moment was found when wrist guards were worn, which may potentially lead to an increased risk of injury. Injury history, especially overuse signs/symptoms, and previous surgery on the wrist joint need to be well considered before the application or use of wrist guards. Also, the amount of time/exposure wearing wrist guards should be carefully controlled in young female gymnasts.
How the Cold War era changed the trajectory of women's gymnastics
Electrifying athletes like Olga Korbut and Nadia Comăneci helped make women’s artistic gymnastics one of the most popular events in ...the Olympic Games. But the transition of gymnastics from a women’s sport to a girl’s sport in the 1970s also laid the foundation for a system of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse of gymnasts around the world. Georgia Cervin offers a unique history of women's gymnastics, examining how the high-stakes diplomatic rivalry of the Cold War created a breeding ground for exploitation. Yet, a surprising spirit of international collaboration arose to decide the social values and image of femininity demonstrated by the sport. Cervin also charts the changes in style, equipment, training, and participants that transformed the sport, as explosive athleticism replaced balletic grace and gymnastics dominance shifted from East to West.
Sweeping and revelatory, Degrees of Difficulty tells a story of international friction, unexpected cooperation, and the legacy of abuse and betrayal created by the win-at-all-cost attitudes of the Cold War.
Objetivo do estudo: Trata-se de um estudo de caso com base em evidências que apresentou os resultados internacionais dos atletas de ginástica artística masculina contemplados pelo Bolsa Atleta Pódio ...e buscou relações com as categorias de bolsa por eles recebidas ao longo da carreira esportiva; para definir questões e hipóteses que auxiliem na avaliação do referido Programa.Metodologia/Abordagem: A partir da análise documental identificou-se nove ginastas contemplados entre os anos de 2014 e 2020. Para realizar a coleta de dados dos resultados dos atletas, buscou-se as melhores colocações deles nas principais competições internacionais. Originalidade/Relevância: O Programa Bolsa-Atleta é a principal política pública nacional de financiamento direto ao atleta, porém é escasso a produção científica que avalia, baseado em evidências, os resultados do Programa.Principais resultados: Pode-se inferir que: dentre o total de nove atletas, dois não participaram de Jogos Olímpicos e/ou Campeonatos Mundiais; os resultados internacionais dos ginastas, assim como as categorias de bolsa por eles recebidas sofrem oscilações; os medalhistas olímpicos (Diego Hypólito, Arthur Zanetti e Arthur Nory) estavam recebendo o benefício da Bolsa Pódio na ocasião. Contribuições teórico-metodológicas: Evidencia-se que os atletas da ginástica artística masculina mantiveram certa perenidade enquanto beneficiários do Programa Bolsa-Atleta. Em específico a categoria Pódio se estabelece como uma espécie de gratificação ao atleta, no entanto, pode auxiliar o atleta na conquista de bons resultados em competições internacionais.
Objetivo: Valorar la calidad de movimiento aplicando el Functional Movement Screen (FMS) en adolescentes de 12 a 17 años practicantes o no de Gimnasia Acrobática (GA). Método: Estudio descriptivo, ...comparativo y transversal donde participaron 41 adolescentes (20 practicantes de GA y 21 no practicantes). Se usó la batería FMS, compuesta por siete pruebas: sentadilla profunda, paso de valla, estocada en línea, movilidad de hombro, elevación activa de la pierna recta, estabilidad del tronco en flexiones, estabilidad rotatoria del tronco. Resultados: se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa de signo positivo a través del estadístico R de Spearman, entre la puntuación global del FMS y la práctica de GA (p= .023). Las gimnastas presentan mejor calidad de movimiento que las no practicantes, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, puntuando mejor en prácticamente todas las pruebas. Conclusión: se corrobora una relación entre la práctica de GA y una mayor puntuación del FMS.
Abstract. Objective: To assess the quality of movement by applying the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) to teenagers aged 12 to 17, whether or not they practice Acrobatic Gymnastics (AG). Methods: Descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional study in which 41 teenagers (20 AG practitioners and 21 non-practitioners) participated. The FMS battery was used, consisting of seven tests: deep squat, fence step, line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg lift, trunk stability in bending, trunk rotation stability. Results: a statistically significant positive relationship was observed through Spearman's R statistic, between the overall FMS score and the AG practice (p= .023). Gymnasts presented better quality of movement than non-gymnastics practitioners, with statistically significant differences, scoring better in practically all tests. Conclusion: a relationship between AG practice and a higher FMS score is corroborated.
Los estudios sobre resiliencia y optimismo en el ámbito deportivo son escasos. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la prevalencia de la resiliencia y el optimismo en gimnasia rítmica; y analizar ...diferencias en función de su categoría de edad, años de práctica deportiva y experiencia en competición. Fueron evaluadas 29 gimnastas de rítmica (edad de 13 a 20; M = 15.3; DT = 1.83). Se utilizó la Escala de Resiliencia adaptada al español, y la Escala de Orientación hacia la Vida Revisada (LOT-R) para optimismo. Los resultados apuntan a que un 24.8% de las participantes presenta elevada resiliencia. En cuanto a optimismo, el 20.7% muestra niveles elevados frente al 62.1% que presenta niveles bajos. No hay diferencias en resiliencia y optimismo según las variables analizadas. Se sugiere atender los niveles de optimismo en los atletas para mejora de su bienestar y de su rendimiento deportivo.
Abstract. Studies on resilience and optimism in the sports field are scarce. The objective of this work is to know the prevalence of both constructs in rhythmic gymnastics; and analysis of differences depending on their age category, years of sports practice and experience in competition. 29 gymnasts were evaluated (age from 13 to 20; M = 15.3; DT = 1.83). The Resilience Scale adapted to Spanish was used, and the Revised Life Orientation Scale (LOT-R) to optimism. The results indicate that 24.8% of the participants present high resilience. As for optimism, 20.7% show high levels compared to 62.1% who show low levels. There are no differences in resilience and optimism according to the variables analyzed (category, years of sports practice and experience in competition). It is suggested to address the levels of optimism in athletes to improve their well-being and sports performance.
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of sports gymnastics and athletics training on the development of athletes’ motor abilities in the initial preparation phase. The study was conducted ...on a sample of 81 girls and boys of about 9 years of age, who train athletics (N=34) and gymnastics (N=47). A total of 9 variables were observed, three to assess anthropometric characteristics (body height, body mass and the body mass index) and 6 to assess the participants’ motor abilities (explosive leg power, repetitive power, agility, power endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance). The one-sample t-test was used to compare the results with mean values of the general population of the same age, whereas a univariate ANOVA was used to compare the results between the athletes and the gymnasts of different genders. The results show that the level of motor development in girls is significantly higher than in the general population, while in boys, significant progress was not registered in power endurance and cardiorespiratory endurance, regardless of the sport they are engaged in. Regardless of gender, gymnasts have better flexibility compared to athletes, while athletes have significantly higher explosive power and agility.
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