School inclusion of students with Special Educational Needs is one of the goals of a truly democratic school. For this process to be effective, it is necessary to intervene in the forms of teaching ...school subjects, reviewing methods, models and strategies. This contribution intends to investigate the relationship between the teaching of history and visual impairment, retracing the most significant stages of educational models aimed at blind and visually impaired students, and to reflect on the potential of teaching based on historical sources and on the use of tools and practices capable of reducing the difficulties of reception and communication that total or partial lack of sight entails.
The Mirambel woodland on the margins of the Millevaches plateau (Massif Central) is one of the few ancient broad-leaved woodlands in France. Historical sources show that it has occupied the same ...surface area for the past 250 years, despite being in a region that underwent considerable anthropogenic changes during this period. We explored the Mirambel's Holocene history and ancientness by means of soil charcoal analysis, chosen because of its high accuracy on a local scale. We excavated five pedoanthracological pits in the woodland and its open marginal spaces. The 29 radiocarbon dates ranged from the Atlantic (8700–5500 cal yr BP) – Subboreal transition to the Subboreal (5500–2800 cal yr BP) and Subatlantic (2800–0 cal yr BP, i.e. AD 1950) periods, revealing the existence of fire events corresponding to six contemporaneous cultural periods: Neolithic (ca. 3877–2991 cal yr BC), Neolithic-Chalcolithic transition (ca. 2528–2525 cal yr BC), Protohistory (ca. 147 cal yr BC), Roman period (AD 326–579), Middle Ages (AD 732–1187), and contemporary times (AD 1781 to present day). Three Tilia charcoal fragments dating from ca. 3717–2919 cal yr BC indicated the presence of a diversified Mid-Holocene deciduous woodland featuring Tilia and Acer nowadays-absent taxa in this area. Deciduous Quercus and Fagus sylvatica dominated most of the soil profiles, as they do nowadays in the woodlands. Other taxa (Salix, Corylus avellana, Betula) were identified, as well as in the current vegetation. The occurrence of Cytisus-type (Fabaceae) and Calluna vulgaris suggested that there were forest clearing phases at all the points sampled. Widely varying levels of abundances may reflect differences in the duration of these open phases.
At the end of 2017, Cambridge Scholars Publishing published an edited volume titled Historical Sources of Ethnomusicology in Contemporary Debate, which included a series of presentations given at two ...different international conferences organised by the Study Group on Historical Sources of Traditional Music − in 2012 in Vienna (Austria) and in 2014 in Aveiro (Portugal). Most of the material discussed was audio, which of course cannot be directly reproduced on paper, but the contributions with images offer plenty of useful information on the transcriptions, instruments, iconographic and other handwritten documents.
Swiss Alps have an ancestral tradition with regard to the use of wild plants as medicines and food. However, this knowledge is falling into oblivion, and is nowadays confined to village areas. Aim of ...the study was to identify wild edible plants used today and during the last two centuries by the alpine population of Valais (Switzerland).
Data were collected by means of semi-directed interviews made in four different lateral valleys of Valais (Val d'Anniviers, Val d'Entremont, Val d'Hérens, and Val d'Illiez). Wild food plants were classified according to their uses (salads, cooked vegetables, spices, raw snacks, teas, alcoholic drinks, sirups, and jams). Books and reports written in the XIXth century were consulted to identify uses of wild plants which have fallen in oblivion meanwhile.
A total of 98 edible wild plants, distributed into 38 botanical families, were identified during the interviews. Several plants were highly cited (e.g. Taraxacum officinale, Chenopodium bonus-henricus). The most frequent usage was as tea (18%), followed by uses as cooked vegetables (16%), jams (16%), and raw snacks (16%). A strong association was observed between food and medicinal uses of plants. Wild food plants were of critical importance in times of food scarcity. Meanwhile, they have lost their relevance as vital components of the diet and are nowadays rather perceived and appreciated as delicacies.
This study provides for the first time comprehensive data on present day and historical uses of wild plants as food in Lower and Central Valais. Besides being of historical interest, this ethnobotanical information can be used to identify species which may provide interesting opportunities for diversification of mountain agriculture.
Display omitted
Witches in Western Europe are associated with the use of medicinal, abortifacient, hallucinogenic, and toxic plants. Curiously, these associations are not backed up by first-hand evidence and ...historians are unconvinced that people convicted as witches were herbalists. Local plant names provide an untapped source for analysing witchcraft–plant relationships.
We analysed vernacular plant names indicating an association with witches and devils to find out why these species and witchcraft were linked.
We constructed a database with vernacular names containing the terms witch and devil in related north-west European languages. The devil was added because of its association with witchcraft. The plant species’ characteristics (e.g., medicinal use, toxicity) were assessed to determine if there were non-random associations between these traits and their names.
We encountered 1263 unique vernacular name–taxa combinations (425 plant taxa; 97 families). Most species named after witches and/or devils were found within the Asteraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rosaceae. For Dutch, German and English we confirmed associations between witchcraft names and toxicity. Hallucinogenic plants do not appear to be associated with witch-names. For Dutch, we found significant associations between plant names and medicinal and apotropaic uses, although we did not find any association with abortifacient qualities.
This study demonstrates that there is a wide variety of plants associated with witches and the devil in north-western Europe. Plant names with the terms witch and devil were likely used in a pejorative manner to name toxic and weedy plants, and functioned as a warning for their harmful properties. Our study provides novel insights for research into the history of witchcraft and its associated plant species.
Display omitted
Documentary Research Mcculloch, Gary
2004, 20040430, 2004-04-30, Letnik:
22
eBook
Documentary sources have become increasingly neglected in education and the social sciences. This book seeks to emphasise their potential value and importance for an understanding of modern ...societies, while also recognising their limitations, and explores their relationship with other research strategies. This up-to-date examination of how to research and use documents analyzes texts from the past and present, considering sources ranging from personal archives to online documents and including books, reports, official documents, works of fiction and printed media. This comprehensive analysis of the use of documents in research includes sections covering: * analysing documents * legal frameworks and ethical issues * records and archives * printed media and literature * diaries, letters and autobiographies.
Gary McCulloch is Brian Simon Professor of History of Education at the Institute of Education, University of London.
Questo contributo è dedicato alla discussa possibilità di utilizzare le notizie storiche contenute nei trattati di ars dictandi e nelle sillogi di lettere modello composte dai maestri a scopo ...esemplificativo. Per dimostrare il grado di attendibilità e i metodi attraverso cui i maestri rielaborano le vicende storiche, nell’articolo vengono analizzati alcuni preamboli pontifici usati da dettatore per allestire una collezione di exordia e alcune lettere modello che parlano delle vicende dei papi nel XII secolo.
•Presented case study of one student’s figuring out of metadiscursive rules (MDRs).•Applied commognitive learning theory to analysis of a Primary Source Project (PSP).•Examined impact of a PSP ...learning experience on student learning of MDRs.•Proposed three dimensions of figuring out MDRs: adoption, acceptance and awareness.•Described evidence of student adoption and acceptance of particular MDRs.
An important aspect of participation in a new academic discourse pertains to the metadiscursive rules which govern that discourse. Researchers have documented the viability of using primary sources in undergraduate mathematics education for scaffolding students’ recognition of those rules. Our research explores the related question of whether the use of primary sources can support students’ learning of metadiscursive rules in a way that goes beyond mere recognition. We present a case study of one student’s “figuring out” of metadiscursive rules in a university Analysis course as a result of her experience with a Primary Source Project, illustrate evidence for three dimensions of “figuring out” (adoption, acceptance, awareness) that emerged from that case study, and discuss the implications of our findings for classroom instruction and future research.
PDF
