In this innovative celebration of diversity and affirmation of individuality in animals and humans, Joan Roughgarden challenges accepted wisdom about gender identity and sexual orientation. A ...distinguished evolutionary biologist, Roughgarden takes on the medical establishment, the Bible, social science--and even Darwin himself. She leads the reader through a fascinating discussion of diversity in gender and sexuality among fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, including primates. Evolution's Rainbow explains how this diversity develops from the action of genes and hormones and how people come to differ from each other in all aspects of body and behavior. Roughgarden reconstructs primary science in light of feminist, gay, and transgender criticism and redefines our understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality. Witty, playful, and daring, this book will revolutionize our understanding of sexuality. Roughgarden argues that principal elements of Darwinian sexual selection theory are false and suggests a new theory that emphasizes social inclusion and control of access to resources and mating opportunity. She disputes a range of scientific and medical concepts, including Wilson's genetic determinism of behavior, evolutionary psychology, the existence of a gay gene, the role of parenting in determining gender identity, and Dawkins's "selfish gene" as the driver of natural selection. She dares social science to respect the agency and rationality of diverse people; shows that many cultures across the world and throughout history accommodate people we label today as lesbian, gay, and transgendered; and calls on the Christian religion to acknowledge the Bible's many passages endorsing diversity in gender and sexuality. Evolution's Rainbow concludes with bold recommendations for improving education in biology, psychology, and medicine; for
democratizing genetic engineering and medical practice; and for building a public monument to affirm diversity as one of our nation's defining principles.
Out of the Ordinary Rivers, Ian; Ward, Richard
2012, 2012-03-15, 20120101
eBook
Out of the Ordinary: Representations of LGBT Lives is a book that seeks to case study the ways in which being other than heterosexual and other than biologically male or female can be or represented ...today. The essays contained within this book represent a body of creativity and thought that is rarely found together. It offers insights into the ways in which lives are not only experienced but portrayed by others as well as by those lesbians, gay men, bisexual and trans people who live them.
We conducted a systematic review of relevant literature to address how religious and occupational identities relate to each other in the workplace. We identified 53 relevant publications for analysis ...and synthesis. Studies addressed value differences associated with religion and occupation, identity tensions, unmet expectations, and the connection of religious identity to well‐being and work outcomes. Key variables in the connection between religious and occupational identities included personal preferences, the fit between religious identity and job‐related concerns, and the organization's policies, practices, and expectations. We highlight the personal and organizational consequences of being able to express religious identity at work and the conditions that promote high congruence between religious identity and its expression in the workplace. From these findings, we develop a research agenda and offer recommendations for management practice that focus on support for expression of religious identity at work while maintaining a broader climate of inclusion.
Minorities may define themselves at a superordinate (e.g., national) level and also at a subgroup (minority) level. However, others' recognition of such dual identifications cannot be guaranteed. ...This paper investigates how members of a minority (Muslims in the UK) constructed their superordinate and subgroup identities ilackn such a way as to assert a commonality with British non-Muslims whilst asserting their religious subgroup's distinctiveness. Reporting qualitative data obtained through interviews (N = 28), the analysis explores how British Muslims negotiated concerns over commonality and distinctiveness through describing themselves as being British in a Muslim way. The implications of these self-definitions for the theorization of dual identities, their recognition, and intergroup relations are discussed.
Interdisciplinary in perspective, this book explores contemporary struggles around ‘identity politics’ in Europe, offering a unique glimpse into contemporary tensions and paradoxes surrounding ...identities, belonging, exclusions and their deep-seated gendered, colonial and racist legacies. With a particular focus on the Nordic region, it provides insights into the ways in which people who find themselves in minoritized positions struggle against multiple injustices. Through a series of case studies documenting counter-struggles against racist, colonialist, sexist forms of discrimination and exclusion, Transforming Identities in Contemporary Europe asks how the paradigm and politics of the welfare state operates to discriminate against the most marginalized, by instating a naturalized hierarchy of human-ness. As such it will appeal to scholars across the social sciences and humanities with interests in race, gender, colonialism and postcolonialism, citizenship and belonging.
Let D be a Noetherian infinite integral domain, denote by M2(D) and by sl2(D) the 2×2 matrix algebra and the Lie algebra of the traceless matrices in M2(D), respectively. In this paper we study the ...weak polynomial identities for the natural grading by the cyclic group Z2 of order 2 on M2(D) and on sl2(D). We describe a finite basis of the graded polynomial identities for the pair (M2(D),sl2(D)). Moreover we prove that the ideal of the graded identities for this pair satisfies the Specht property, that is every ideal of graded identities of pairs (associative algebra, Lie algebra), satisfying the graded identities for (M2(D),sl2(D)), is finitely generated. The polynomial identities for M2(D) are known if D is any field of characteristic different from 2. The identities for the Lie algebra sl2(D) are known when D is an infinite field. The identities for the pair we consider were first described by Razmyslov when D is a field of characteristic 0, and afterwards by the second author when D is an infinite field. The graded identities for the pair (M2(D),gl2(D)) were also described, by Krasilnikov and the second author.
In order to obtain these results we use certain graded analogues of the generic matrices, and also techniques developed by G. Higman concerning partially well ordered sets.
Let K be a field and let Jn,k be the Jordan algebra of a degenerate symmetric bilinear form b of rank n−k over K. Then one can consider the decomposition Jn,k=Bn−k⊕Dk, where Bn−k represents the ...corresponding Jordan algebra, denoted as Bn−k=K⊕V. In this algebra, the restriction of b on the (n−k)-dimensional subspace V is non-degenerate, while Dk accounts for the degenerate part of Jn,k. This paper aims to provide necessary and sufficient conditions to check if a given multilinear polynomial is an identity for Jn,k. As a consequence of this result and under certain hypothesis on the base field, we exhibit a finite basis for the T-ideal of polynomial identities of Jn,k. Over a field of characteristic zero, we also prove that the ideal of identities of Jn,k satisfies the Specht property. Moreover, similar results are obtained for weak identities, trace identities and graded identities with a suitable Z2-grading as well. In all of these cases, we employ methods and results from Invariant Theory. Finally, as a consequence from the trace case, we provide a counterexample to the embedding problem given in 8 in case of infinite dimensional Jordan algebras with trace.
Euler's classical identity states that the number of partitions of an integer into odd parts and distinct parts are equinumerous. Franklin gave a generalization by considering partitions with exactly ...j different multiples of r, for a positive integer r. We prove an analogue of Franklin's identity by studying the number of partitions with j multiples of r in total and in the process, discover a natural generalization of the minimal excludant (mex) which we call the r-chain mex. Further, we derive the generating function for σrcmex(n), the sum of r-chain mex taken over all partitions of n, thereby deducing a combinatorial identity for σrcmex(n), which neatly generalizes the result of Andrews and Newman for σmex(n), the sum of mex over all partitions of n.
Excessive consumption of meat challenges global food security and environmental sustainability. In the mounting literature on identity as a motivator of behaviour, meat consumption has been ...associated with a handful of identities. Identity theory suggests that people hold multiple identities on different levels of abstraction, but how identities at different levels of abstraction interact and possibly co-determine intentions and behaviour remains largely unanswered. Inspired by research on attitudes and goal hierarchies, this study investigates a hierarchical model of meat-related identities and their relation to intentions to consume red meat. By means of a survey of Danish consumers (N = 1001), we identified identities related to the consumption of red meat (e.g., flexitarian identity), using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. We also controlled for the most important additional antecedents identified in prior research. Evidence was found that more abstract identities (e.g., national identity, environmental identity) mostly influence intentions to eat meat indirectly, meditated through more behaviour-specific identities (e.g., flexitarian identity). However, some higher-order identities also appear to have a direct impact on intentions to eat meat after controlling for more behaviour-specific identities, which suggests a less hierarchical structure manifesting itself, possibly due to the behaviour being instrumental at reaching different, functionally unrelated goals that are related to different identities. Policy recommendations towards reducing meat consumption are proposed.
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