Whereas the micro- and macro-oriented leadership literatures have often studied leader competencies necessary for effective performance, the role of leader character in relation to competencies and ...performance has been to a large extent neglected. Our work seeks to shift the scholarly dialogue by introducing the concept of character-competence entanglement, which reflects the binding between character and competence over time. The highest degree of entanglement represents the deep and more persistent interconnection and mutually-reinforcing effect between highly-developed leader character and highly-developed leader competence, whereas in cases of low entanglement, character can be activated temporarily in a particular context to help strengthen the relationship between competence and performance. Our core proposition is that high character-competence entanglement will lead to extraordinary performance over time. In addition, we emphasize that relying on naturally-occurring learning opportunities and the processes of “learning-by-living” both outside and inside the organization will positively impact the development of character-competence entanglement.
We offer this synthesized framework as a tool to reveal mathematical activity in a non-formal making-space. In particular, we connect research at different grain sizes to illustrate and explain how ...mathematics plays a crucial, if often implicit, role in making activities. We begin by describing the Approximate Number System and the Ratio-Processing System, and explaining how those systems connect to both embodied cognition and Thompson’s (1994) conceptualization of quantities. Then, we examine how prediction and anticipation relate, with a particular emphasis on how social feedback guided the emergent mathematical activity. We offer this framework as a way to perceive, account for, and understand the multi-layered nature of experiencing mathematical activities.
This study leverages nationally representative data (N ≈ 6,000) to examine the magnitude of quality differences between (a) formal and informal early childhood education and care providers; (b) Head ...Start, prekindergarten, and other center-based care; and (c) programs serving toddlers and those serving preschoolers. It then documents differences in children's reading and math skills at age 5 between those who had enrolled in formal and informal settings. Cross-sector differences are substantially reduced when accounting for a set of quality measures, though these measures do less to explain more modest differences in outcomes within the formal sector. Results inform current efforts aimed at improving the quality of early childhood settings by highlighting the large quality differences across sectors and their relationship with child development.
Using a design-based research approach, we studied ways to advance opportunities for children and families to engage in engineering design practices in an informal educational setting. 213 families ...with 5–11-year-old children were observed as they visited a tinkering exhibit at a children’s museum during one of three iterations of a program posing an engineering design challenge. Children’s narrative reflections about their experience were recorded immediately after tinkering. Across iterations of the program, changes to the exhibit design and facilitation provided by museum staff corresponded to increased families’ engagement in key engineering practices. In the latter two cycles of the program, families engaged in the most testing, and in turn, redesigning. Further, in the latter cycles, the more children engaged in testing and retesting during tinkering, the more their narratives contained engineering-related content. The results advance understanding and the evidence base for educational practices that can promote engineering learning opportunities for children.
New technologies and developments in media are transforming the way that individuals, groups and societies communicate, learn, work and govern. This new socio-technical reality requires participants ...to possess not only skills and abilities related to the use of technological tools, but also knowledge regarding the norms and practices of appropriate usage. To be 'digitally literate' in this way encompasses issues of cognitive authority, safety and privacy, creative, ethical, and responsible use and reuse of digital media, among other topics. A lack of digital literacy increasingly implicates one's full potential of being a competent student, an empowered employee or an engaged citizen. Digital literacy is often considered a school-based competency, but it is introduced and developed in informal learning contexts such as libraries, museums, social groups, affinity spaces online, not to mention the home environment. This article recognizes and connects the ways and places we might conceptualize and realize an expanded view of digital literacy that fits today's changing reality.
This paper addresses the Chilean circus educational phenomenon specifically in the so-called "New Circus"1, that is part of a larger study on the circus as a non-formal educational process. It aims ...to describe the phenomenon at the national level and identify the characteristics of a circus educator. The method was mixed, considering two phases, a self-administered questionnaire with 5 closed and 2 open questions applied. The sample calculation considered a 95% reliability and 5% error, achieving n= 320 (211 men 66% and 109 women 44%). The main results show a young population between 21 and 29 years old and a centralization of the circus phenomenon in the regions of the central zone of the country. The characteristics revealed, highlight the good humor, organization and planning added to the experience and pedagogical-circus trajectory. Concluding that it is necessary to decentralize and promote comprehensive training processes for those who decide to guide the circus educational process.
El presente trabajo aborda el fenómeno educativo circense chileno específicamente en el llamado “Nuevo Circo”, es parte de un estudio mayor, sobre el circo como proceso educativo no formal. Tiene como objetivo describir el fenómeno a nivel nacional e identificar las características que posee un educador circense. El método fue mixto, considerando dos fases, se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado con 5 preguntas cerradas y 2 abiertas. El cálculo muestral consideró un 95% de confiabilidad y 5% de error, logrando una n= 320 (211 hombres 66% y 109 mujeres 44%). Los principales resultados evidencian una población joven entre los 21 a 29 años y una centralización del fenómeno circense en las regiones de la zona central del país. Y las características develadas, destacan el buen humor, la organización y planificación sumado a la experiencia y trayectoria pedagógico-circense. Concluyendo que se requiere descentralizar y promover procesos de formación integrales para quienes decidan orientar proceso educativos circenses.
A Personal Learning Environment or PLE is a potentially promising pedagogical approach for both integrating formal and informal learning using social media and supporting student self-regulated ...learning in higher education contexts. The purpose of this paper is to (a) review research that support this claim, (b) conceptualize the connection between PLE, social media, and self-regulated learning, and (c) provide a three-level pedagogical framework for using social media to create PLEs that support student self-regulated learning. Implications for future research in this area are provided.
► PLEs can be perceived as both a technology and a pedagogical approach. ► PLEs require the development and application of self-regulated learning skills. ► PLEs are premised on social media. ► PLEs are effective in addressing learner control and personalization. ► PLEs can help integrate formal and informal learning.
Despite intense interest in how social capital can facilitate informal learning, few attempts have been made to synthesize the interface between social capital and informal learning. Social capital ...is an important factor in the application of informal learning, especially in postsecondary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This paper first presents a review of the literature that has explored the relationship between social capital and informal learning in STEM education. We then present two case studies illustrating how social capital plays a pivotal role in enhancing informal learning outcomes in postsecondary STEM education. These cases offer insights on how to promote optimal informal learning in STEM education. Implications for understanding the importance of social capital in informal learning are discussed.
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