With the fast development of smart grid, the power line mileage and power equipments get rapid growth. The contradiction between the large number of maintenance equipments and the small number of ...maintenance workers becomes increasingly prominent. Meanwhile, the traditional maintenance mode has the disadvantages of over or under maintenance, which will lead to the increasing failure risk of power transmission system. Faced with these issues, to enhance the intelligence and automation level of power line inspection, many researchers have devoted much effort to the research of automatic power line inspection and some state-of-the-art techniques about power line inspection are proposed to improve the inspection efficiency and quality, such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), image processing, deep architecture, and so on. In this article, we analyzed and summarized the state-of-the-art techniques on power line inspection to provide a valuable reference for the researchers engaged in the smart grid. First, the common inspection tasks on power line inspection are reviewed. Second, the existing inspection platforms are examined in this article. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of different platforms are analyzed accordingly. Third, faced with different inspection tasks, different inspection sensors are integrated into the inspection platforms for data collection. Therefore, the common sensors on inspection platforms are discussed. Finally, to realize automatic power line inspection, different inspection methods are proposed or improved, and these advanced inspection methods are surveyed and discussed.
In compliance with recent (2022) federal legislation found in the Code of Federal Regulations Part 650 Subpart C, risk-based inspection (RBI) practices for determining inspection intervals for ...highway bridges are now permitted. The RBI approach allows for a systematic assessment of risk and prioritizes inspection resources where they are most needed. However, to ensure an optimal level of safety and serviceability, it is necessary to utilize reliable inspection techniques in conjunction with an appropriate inspection interval, as emphasized by National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 782. Utilizing ineffective inspection techniques may lead to uncertainty about the element’s condition and thus increase the risk associated with the component. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework that integrates a new factor, called the inspection effectiveness factor (IEF), into the RBI process to rationally estimate the inspection interval considering the reliability of the inspection technique. The inspection interval in the proposed approach is determined based on the damage mode, associated likelihood, consequences, and effectiveness of the inspection technique, offering a rational approach for decision-makers in estimating the inspection interval of bridges and identifying appropriate inspection techniques for different defects. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through experts’ judgment. In addition, the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study utilizing historical inspection reports.
Surface Mount Technology (SMT) is a procedure for mounting electronic components to the surface of the printed circuit boards (PCB). Although the SMT procedure is more reliable than the conventional ...through-hole mounting, many errors may occur in SMT lines. In this paper, we surveyed methods presented for the optical inspection of solder joints on PCBs. The methods are grouped by problem-solving approach: reference-based, machine learning/computer vision, deep learning, and 3D reconstruction. We compare and discuss these approaches according to their advantages and disadvantages, with a focus on the more recent deep learning and 3D reconstruction techniques, and list the public datasets for solder joints inspection. Since defective samples rarely occur in the SMT manufacturing lines, public datasets have few defective samples that are essential for the inspection task. To fill this gap, we publish a public dataset with both normal and different types of SMT errors. Our dataset can be used as a benchmark to compare different algorithms. The dataset is available at https://github.com/furkanulger/solder-joint-dataset.
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