In response to several claims from Manufacturers that intumescent coatings could be used in place of fire insulation and provide equal protection to shipboard structures during a fire, U.S. Navy ...conducted an extensive investigation of several fire protective coatings for use aboard ship. These fire protective coatings included water and solvent based coatings, insulative coatings, and foams. The objective of this program was to identify passive fire protection (PFP) coatings for shipboard interior applications capable of meeting U.S. Navy (USN) fire resistance requirements (DRAFT MIL-PRF-XX 381) of 30 min rating with backside average temperature rise less than 139 C using UL-1709 fire curve (post flashover fire). This evaluation consisted of small scale fire, adhesion, and impact tests; intermediate scale room corner fire tests, and full scale fire tests conducted aboard ex-USS SHADWELL. The test results with steel substrate show that all candidate coatings failed to meet minimum U.S. Navy fire resistance criteria when used as stand-alone coatings. Furthermore, many coatings demonstrated poor adhesion, and fell off from the substrate during the fire test. These data have led the Navy to conclude that intumescent coatings tested in this study are not sufficient to protect shipboard spaces during a fire and are not equivalent when used alone as direct replacement for batt or blanket type fibrous fire insulation (mineral wool, StructoGard) installed aboard U.S. Navy ships. However, U.S. Navy smallscale fire tests have also demonstrated that some of the intumescent coatings, when applied over substrates such as Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP), did reduce flame spread and smoke generation.
The effectiveness of fireproof intumescent coatings based on water glass can be considerably increased if the coagulated sodium water glass is used as an intumescent component. When heated, the ...coagulated sodium water glass creates a steam-gas cloud above the protected surface which together with foam formation decreases the temperature of the protected surface. The mixture of sodium water glass, portland cement and dehydrated clay which, besides adhesion, maintain the durability of the composition are used as binders due to their cohesive properties.
Abstract
Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme finden im architektonischen Stahlbau eine stetig zunehmende Anwendung. Im Bestreben nach schlanken und architektonisch ansprechenden Konstruktionen weisen ...reaktive Brandschutzsysteme gegenüber anderen Brandschutzprodukten deutliche Vorteile auf. Durch ihre geringen Trockenschichtdicken erhalten die Brandschutzsysteme auf der einen Seite das filigrane Erscheinungsbild einer Stahlkonstruktion aufrecht. Auf der anderen Seite stellen sie gleichzeitig den geforderten Brandschutz sicher. Während noch vor einigen Jahren die Anwendung der Brandschutzsysteme ausschließlich auf druck‐ und biegebeanspruchten Bauteilen erfolgte, haben nationale Forschungsarbeiten zu einer Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs auch für Zugglieder geführt. Da die Verwendbarkeit der reaktiven Brandschutzsysteme derzeit in Deutschland durch nationale Zulassungen und europäische Bewertungen geregelt ist, stehen den Herstellern unterschiedliche Optionen für das Inverkehrbringen ihrer Produkte auf dem deutschen und europäischen Markt zur Verfügung. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Unterschiede der beiden Möglichkeiten des Inverkehrbringens der Produkte aufgezeigt und eine Übersicht über Forschungsarbeiten gegeben, die aktuell am Institut für Stahlbau der Leibniz Universität Hannover zur Leistungsfähigkeit von reaktiven Brandschutzsystemen bei Naturbränden durchgeführt werden. Die Forschungsergebnisse sind Teil des IGF‐Forschungsvorhabens 19176 N der Forschungsvereinigung Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbau e.V. (DASt).
Abstract
Latest research and usability of intumescent coatings in steel construction
Whenever filigree or architectural steel constructions are requested in combination with fire resistance requirements, intumescent coatings are often used. Intumescent coatings offer clear advantages compared to other fire protection materials. The application of intumescent coatings combines both the maintenance of the filigree appearance of the steel construction and the required fire resistance. A few years ago the application of intumescent coatings was restricted to beams and columns. Now, based on latest research the application of intumescent coatings has been extended to tension members. In Germany, the usability of intumescent coatings is based on national approvals and European assessments. Therefore, both options can be used by the manufacturers to introduce their products to the market. In this paper the differences between the national approval and European assessment procedures are presented. Furthermore, an overview of the latest research results on the thermal performance of intumescent coatings in natural fires is given. The presented research results are part of the national research project IGF 19176 N from the Deutscher Ausschuss für Stahlbau e.V. (DASt).
As the nonwovens continue to be one of the fastest growing categories of textiles, there are many demanding applications that require flame retardancy. Flame retardant (FR) nonwovens can be produced ...by using inherently FR fibers or by applying appropriate chemical treatments on the produced nonwovens. After a brief introduction of nonwovens and their production, different approaches, both commercially available and under development, to make nonwovens flame retardant are discussed. It is important to achieve the desired performance at an affordable cost without any undesired effect on the environment or human health. Special emphasis is given to mechanisms and approaches for developing cellulosic FR nonwovens.
Intumescent coatings make the most efficient way of fire retarding of flammable materials. The coatings swell under the influence of heat and form a thick porous charred layer. The latter perfectly ...insulates a substrate against excessive increase of temperature and oxygen access. In order to make intumescent coatings more effective, a proper selection of essential components, i.e. carbonising, foam-producing and dehydrating materials, is necessary. The choice of components for an intumescent fire retardant composition has an essential effect on the rate of charred mass formation and its structure.
In the paper, the influence of different modifiers, added to amino resins during the process of condensation, on fire retardant and heat-insulating efficiency of intumescent coatings for wood, is presented. The fireproofing efficiency was studied by cone calorimeter. This paper also presents the results of thermal analysis of samples dynamically heated from 298K to 823K in the presence of oxygen. The results are presented in the form of DTA, TG and DTA curves.
PDF
