Two invasive aquatic macrophyte species from the genus Elodea and their distribution in Bulgaria were studied. The research was based on 653 field surveys from the period 2009-2022. Elodea records ...constitute to only 6% of the database. Between the two species studied, E. nuttallii exhibited a wider distribution both in rivers and lakes (natural and artificial). Several instances of invaders? dominance were observed, with E. nuttallii showing dominance patterns mainly in lakes, and E. canadensis in rivers. Both species were distributed in aquatic habitats with a wide variation in abiotic characteristics, except for the dominant substrate. E. nuttallii showed a more significant altitudinal range reaching above 1500 m. Such altitudinal variations resulted in diverse ecological habitats in terms of abiotic factors such as temperature and light intensity. The studied aquatic macrophyte communities demonstrated average species richness. Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum were the most commonly recorded representatives of the native aquatic flora. Canadian waterweed demonstrated the ability to form dense communities in rivers, while Nuttall?s waterweed retained average values of abundance. A case of natural disappearance within the Elodea species has been documented. The systematised information covering a 13-year period could serve to identify strategic areas for monitoring aquatic IAS and their management.
Tijekom 2022. godine istraživana je vaskularna flora Borongajskog luga u istočnom dijelu Grada Zagreba. Na istraživanom području zabilježeno je 215 biljnih svojti. Najbrojnije porodice bile su ...Rosaceae, Asteracecae i Fabaceae, a najčešći životni oblici hemikriptofiti, fanerofiti i terofiti. Od flornih elemenata najčešći su euroazijski florni element, kozmopoliti te kultivirane i adventivne vrste. Zabilježeno je 15 invazivnih alohtonih vrsta, a samo dvije vrste nalaze se u nekoj od kategorija ugroženosti po IUCN-u:
Cephalanthera longifolia
je gotovo ugrožena (NT), a
Taxus baccata
osjetljiva (VU).
The vascular flora of Borongajski lug in the eastern part of Zagreb was studied in 2022. In the studied area 215 plant taxa were recorded. The most abundant plant families were Rosaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae, while the most common life-forms were hemicryptophytes, phanerophytes and therophytes. The most common geoelemens were the Eurasian floral element, widespread plants and cultivated and adventitious plants. In total 15 invasive allochthonous species were recorded while only two species are in one of the threat categories according to the IUCN: Cephalanthera longifolia is near threatened (NT), and Taxus baccata is vulnerable (VU).
Plodovi čivitnjače (Amorpha fruticosa L.), invazivne biljne vrste, prikupljani su tijekom 2017. godine na području Pokupskog bazena i u Županji. Na plodovima žljezdastim mahunama uočeni su izletni ...otvori te je utvrđena prisutnost invazivne vrste kukca Acanthoscelides pallidipennis (Motschulsky, 1873). Ova je vrsta autohtona na području Sjeverne Amerike, a njezina rasprostranjenost usko je vezana uz staništa čivitnjače i puteve širenja ove invazivne biljne vrste. Na području Pokupskog bazena u prikupljenim su uzorcima zabilježene ukupno 554 infestirane mahune, dok su u Županji bile infestirane 434 mahune te nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između dvaju istraživanih područja. Rezultati ukazuju na to da je kukac A. pallidipennis raširen u sastojinama čivitnjače na obama područjima te da je potrebno pratiti potencijal njegova širenja kako bi se spriječila infestacija i drugih biljnih vrsta, posebice onih iz porodice Fabaceae koje učestalo napada.
This paper presents an invasive plant species that occur in the forests of Kalnik. It also presents the state of the distribution and their impact on forests of Kalnik. A total of 14 invasive species ...in the forests of Kalnik and these are –
Acer negundo
L.,
Ailanthus altissima
(Mill.) Swingle,
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
L.,
Amorpha fruticosa
L.,
Asclepias syriaca
L.,
Conyza canadensis
(L.) Cronquist,
Echinocystis lobata
(Michx.) Torr. et Gray,
Erigeron annuus
(L.) Pers.,
Impatiens glandulifera
Royle,
Juncus tenuis
Willd.),
Phytolacca americana
L.,
Reynoutria japonica
Houtt.,
Robinia pseudoacacia
L.,
Solidago gigantea
Aiton. Alochtonous vegetation is not only inevitable, but it also appears to be a constant future challenge in the globalizing world which communicates on all levels with every means possible. Its influence should not by any means be marginalized. Its importance and influence is not completely negative and there are possible benefits and dangers which should be controlled by the preventive measures and physical regulation. The most important species in Kalnik forest vegetation is definitely acacia. It is especially important for private forest lands where acacia tree has become very popular because of its characteristics as a fast growing tree species without any special requirements with relation to growth and it gives fast results concerning timber and firewood. Private lots are usually very small and fragmented. There is a growing need for timber, therefore the trees are grown extensively, from stumps and roots. Other woody species still do not pose a serious threat in economical or biological sense. The impact of herbaceous plants differs in various areas. The most problematic issues for the forestersare thick layers of unwanted specieswhich grow in young forest stands or in forests in the phase of restorationwhere these unwanted speciesinvasively compete with autochthonous species. In biological sense, invasive species pose a constant threat not only to domestic vegetation and biodiversity, but also to human health. We should also mention apiculture, a very important and well developed activity on Kalnik. Above mentioned species are very important and interesting for apiculture as a type of rich bee pasturage. Apiculture in this area depends on acacia pasturage and it is one of very important reasons for growing acacia tree. Other tree species are also valuable for bee pasturage, especially late in autumn when there is no other bee pasturage available and they are mostly species which blossom in autumn and represent a valuable source of pollen (Japanese Knotweed, Prickly cucumber and European goldenrod). Generally speaking, the biggest responsibility for possible consequences of invasive plant species to the vegetation of Kalnik lies on foresters who have to recognize and monitor the appearance of invasive species, especially in state forest lands where they grow and directly influence their composition and state.
U radu se navode invazivne biljne vrste koje se javljaju u šumama Kalnika. Također se navodi i stanje njihove rasprostranjenosti u Hrvatskoj i njihov utjecaj na šume Kalnika. Ukupno je zabilježeno 14 invazivnih vrsta koje u šumama Kalnika stvaraju probleme, a to su –
Acer negundo
L. (negundovac),
Ailanthus altissima
(Mill.) Swingle (pajasen),
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
L. (ambrozija),
Amorpha fruticosa
L. (čivitnjača),
Asclepias syriaca
L. (cigansko perje),
Conyza canadensis
(L.) Cronquist (kanadska hudoljetnica),
Echinocystis lobata
(Michx.) Torr. et Gray (divlji krastavac),
Erigeron annuus
(L.) Pers. (krasolika),
Impatiens glandulifera
Royle (žljezdasti nedirak),
Juncus tenuis
Willd. (nježni sit),
Phytolacca americana
L. (vinobojka),
Reynoutria japonica
Houtt. (japanski dvornik),
Robinia pseudoacacia
L. (bagrem),
Solidago gigantea
Aiton (velika zlatnica). Najviše problema u šumama Kalnika čini bagrem, i to na svim tipovima staništa i u sastojinama svih starosnih skupina, a posebno su štete značajne u mladim sastojinama te u sastojinama u fazi obnove. Na površinama nakon čistih sječa a prije pošumljavanja, u mladim sastojinama i osunčanim čistinama starih sastojina u fazi obnove, štetu čine i gusti sklopovi krasolike, ambrozije, žljezdastoga nedirka i vinobojke. Ostale navedene vrste za sada nalazimo uz rubove šuma, cesta, vlaka, obalama vodotoka te na šumskim čistinama, gdje dolaze u manjim skupinama ili pojedinačno te za sada ne čine ozbiljne štete, ali su stalna prijetnja autohtonim vrstama, kao i bioraznovrsnosti.
Osnovni cilj i zadatak provedenog istraživanja bio je utvrditi prisutnost invazivnih biljnih vrsta na području zaštićenog prirodnog dobra Spomenik prirode „Obrenovački Zabran“ (središnja Srbija). ...Istraživanja flore i vegetacije šume Obrenovački Zabran rađena su tijekom više vegetacijskih sezona od ožujka 2009. do studenog 2013. godine. Bogatstvo flore ogleda se kroz prisutnost 163 biljne vrste koje su zabilježene na području Obrenovačkog Zabrana. Od ukupnog broja zabilježenih biljnih vrsta, 24 taksona su označena kao invazivne vrste, što čini 14,72% ukupne flore Zabranske šume. Među njima je prisutno 6 drvenastih i 18 zeljastih biljnih vrsta. Duž čitavog nasipa u Obrenovačkom Zabranu evidentirane su vrste
Asclepias syriaca
i
Amorpha fruticosa
s velikom pokrovnošću i brojnošću. Ove dvije vrste formiraju rub šume ka rijeci Savi, tako da su potisnule gotovo sve druge biljne vrste iz kata žbunja, s tendencijom da potisnu i već sada oskudnu prizemnu vegetaciju. Svjetlost i temperatura su ekološki čimbenici koji posebno pogoduju razvoju i širenju invazivnih biljaka u Obrenovačkom Zabranu, a koji su najizraženiji u području nasipa. Zbog toga i zbog izraženog antropogenog utjecaja, tj. velike frekvencije korisnika, invazivne vrste biljaka su unešene i prisutne na području Zabrana. Od ukupnog broja zabilježenih invazivnih vrsta biljaka, najveći broj pripada porodici Asteraceae (9 vrsta), zatim porodicama Poaceae i Fabaceae (s po 2 vrste), dok su ostale porodice zastupljene sa po jednom vrstom.
Rezultati istraživanja trebaju dati osnovu za razvoj strategije za praćenje stanja i planiranje mjera za suzbijanje neželjenih biljnih vrsta radi zaštite autohtone flore. Samo pažljivo i odgovorno upravljanje prirodnim dobrom omogućit će da se broj invazivnih biljnih vrsta održi na postojećoj razini.
The main aim of the conducted research was to determine the presence of invasive plant species in the protected natural area of the Obrenovački Zabran Nature Monument (Central Serbia). Floristic and vegetation study of the forest Obrenovački Zabran was conducted through several vegetation periods (from March 2009 to November 2013). The presence of 163 plant species recorded in the area of the Zabran Forest reflects its flora richness. Out of the total number of recorded species, 24 taxa are listed as invasive plant species, which makes 14.72% of the total flora of the Obrenovački Zabran Forest Nature Monument. Among them, there are six woody plant species and 18 herbaceous plant species. Along the whole embankment track, the species Asclepias syriaca and Amorpha fruticosa were registered with a high value of the measured parameters each.
These two species create a wood edge leading down to the Sava River and suppress almost all other plants of the shrub floor, with a tendency to suppress already sparse vegetation of the ground floor. The most important environmental factors influencing the development and spreading of invasive plants in Obrenovački Zabran are light and temperature, which are most pronounced in the embankment area. Also, a strong anthropogenic influence, i.e., high frequency of users, has led to introduction and presence of invasive plant species in the area. The greatest number of determined invasive plant species belong to the family Asteraceae (nine species), then to the families Fabaceae and Poaceae (with two species each), whereas the other families had a single invasive species each.
Research results should provide a basis for development of strategies for monitoring the state of unwanted species and planning measures of their reduction in order to protect the autochthonous flora. Only careful and responsible management of the natural area would maintain the abundance of these species at the current level.
Samoniklo bilje je bilje koje je sastavni dio prirode i raste bez ikakvog ljudskog utjecaja. Ono prati
čovjeka kroz povijest jer u sebi sadrži ljekovite tvari koje pomažu pri liječenju raznih ...bolesti, koristi se
kao hrana ili dopuna obrocima, ali i kao začin. Kao što je izvor hrane za ljude tako je i izvor hrane za
mnoge životinje i kukce (pčele). Ljudi ga koriste i u ukrasne svrhe da njime uljepšaju životni prostor.
Pri njegovoj uporabi treba pripaziti i na otrovnost s obzirom da su neke vrste vrlo otrovne te mogu
izazvati ozbiljne zdravstvene probleme, uključujući i smrt. U posljednje vrijeme sve više se istražuje i
koristi samoniklo bilje.
Na sedam različitih lokacija u gradu Zaprešiću tijekom 2021. godine provedena je inventarizacija
samoniklih biljnih vrsta. Pri tome je utvrđena 171 biljna vrsta iz 57 porodica. Najzastupljenije su bile
biljke iz porodica Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae i Rosaceae. Prema trajanju života dominiraju
zeljaste trajnice, a u životnim oblicima dominiraju hemikriptofiti. Najviše biljnih vrsta je euroazijskog
porijekla te prevladavaju vrste široke rasprostranjenosti i europskog flornog elementa.
Inventarizacijom je utvrđena prisutnost devet invazivnih biljnih vrsta, te dvije strogo zaštićene biljne
vrste. S obzirom na uporabnu vrijednost najzastupljenije su medonosne biljne vrste (94 vrste). Slijede
ljekovite biljne vrste (86 vrsta), zatim jestive (77 vrsta), ukrasne (53 vrste) i otrovne biljne vrste (43
vrste), a najmanje ima začinskih biljnih vrsta (12). Važno je istaknuti da je na relativno malom
području zastupljen velik broj vrsta različite uporabne vrijednosti.
The book (‘Geography and plant succession. Selected examples from Slovene regions’) is dealing with ecological succession which is one of three kinds of changes in vegetation. The other two are ...regeneration (or the result of necrosis and regrowth of organisms) and fluctuation (or changes in biomass in longer and shorter time cycles–also seasonal changes). Ecological succession or ecological sequence can be understood as a temporal-spatial clarification of the evolutionary development of a community from bare soil to a stable community which is balanced with its environment. The book is divided in two parts. In the first part, succession is presented on a theoretical basis. The development of the concept of succession through history, its mechanisms and processes carried on in it are clarified. Different types of succession as well as pioneer species and climax societies as the starting and final point of the process under consideration are described. In separated chapters, invasive species and soils as well as their role in succession are discussed. In the second part, individual selected environments (gravel pits in rivers, screes, rockfall areas, fire areas and construction pits) where the two major types of succession are prevailing are presented.
Kontinentalni suhi travnjaci su važna staništa koja se ubrajaju u ugrožene tipove vegetacije ne samo u Hrvatskoj nego i u zemljama srednje i zapadne Europe. Površine pod travnjacima se iz godine u ...godinu smanjuju zbog sve manjeg tradicionalnog načina korištenja istih (košnja i ispaša). Smanjenje gubitka površina pod travnjacima strateški je cilj, a inventarizacija flore jedan je način zaštite od nestajanja. Zarastanjem površina dolazi do progresivne sukcesije vegetacije. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi floristički sastav subpanonskog travnjaka te izdvojiti invazivne vrste. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom vegetacijske 2020. i 2021. godine pri čemu su utvrđene 122 svojte iz 37 porodica.
Prikazana je i analizirana vaskularna flora Nacionalnog parka Krka zabilježena nakon njegova osnivanja 1985. godine. Ukupno je zabilježeno 1509 svojti unutar 582 roda i 132 porodice. Najbrojnije ...porodice su Compositae, Poaceae i Fabaceae, a najčešći florni elementi južnoeuropski i auroazijski. Analizom spektra životnih oblika utvrđeno je da se flora NP Krka nalazi između tipično sredozemnog i srednjoeuropskog spektra što potvrđuje submediteranski fitogeografski položaj Parka. Analizom medijana ekoloških indikatorskih vrijednosti za svjetlo, temperaturu zraka i vlagu tla utvrđeno je da prevladaju vrste otvorenih, toplijih i sušnih staništa.
Based on research of ruderal vegetation in the Horná Orava region in the 1980s and in 2005-2007, a list of neophytes was compiled. Thirty-three species of neophytes have been found, representing 6% ...of the overall flora. The geographical origin, family, life-history, life-form and status of invasion of these species were assessed. The biggest proportion of the species was of North American origin (49%), therophytes (49%) and members of the family Asteraceae (38%). Most of the neophytes are garden "escapees" and only few of them may be considered to be of potential hazard to the studied region, most particularly Fallopia japonica, Impatiens glandulifera and Solidago canadensis. Types of plant communities, where particular neophytes were found, and the foci of their distribution were evaluated as well. Neophytes are most abundant in communities of the class Galio-Urticetea, and especially of the alliance Senecionion fluviatilis. Comparing older and present data, trends in the progression of non-indigenous species in the Horná Orava region were predicted. It is apparent that the number of localities of invasive species is increasing and even other species that in the literature from the other regions are mentioned as invasive tend to spread through the area.
Na podlagi raziskav ruderalne vegetacije območja Horná Orava v osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja in med letoma 2005 in 2007 smo sestavili seznam neofitskih vrst. Ugotovili smo triintrideset neofitov, ki pomenijo šest odstotkov celotne flore območja. Prikazali smo zemljepisni izvor, taksonomsko pripadnost, življenjsko dobo in obliko rastlin in status invazivnosti. Največji delež vrst je severnoameriškega izvora (49 odstotkov), so terofiti (49 odstotkov) in jih uvrščamo v družino Asteraceae (38 odstotkov). Večina neofitov je "ubežnikov" z vrtov in le nekaj jih je potencialno nevarnih za obravano območje, to so predvsem vrste Fallopia japonica, Impatiens glandulifera in Solidago canadensis. Ovrednotili smo tudi rastlinske združbe, v katerih se neofiti pojavljajo, in žarišča njihovega razširjanja. Neofiti so najbolj pogosti v združbah razreda Galio-Urticetea in še posebej zveze Senecionion fluviatilis. S primerjavo starejših in sedanjih podatkov smo napovedali trende v razširjanju tujerodnih rastlinskih vrst na območju Horná Orava. Število rastišč z invazivnimi vrstami se je očitno povečalo, prav tako smo opazili razširjanje vrst, omenjenih v literaturi kot invazivne z drugih območj.
PDF
