A three‐dimensional ensemble‐variational global aerosol data assimilation system based on the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration (JEDI) was developed for the Global Ensemble Forecast ...System‐Aerosols (GEFS‐Aerosols) coupled with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Aerosol mass mixing ratios in GEFS‐Aerosols were selected as control or analysis variables and were adjusted by assimilating 550 nm Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (S‐NPP) satellite produced by the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The original NOAA/NESDIS S‐NPP VIIRS Level 2.0 550 nm AOD retrievals were converted to JEDI Interface for Observation Data Access format. AOD forward operator and its tangent‐linear and adjoint models were implemented based on GOCART in JEDI Unified Forward Operator. A stochastically perturbed emission (SPE) approach was developed in the Common Community Physics Package‐based GEFS‐Aerosols to account for aerosol emission uncertainty. One‐month retrospective and three‐month near‐real‐time experiments consistently showed improved GEFS‐Aerosols analyses and forecasts from assimilating VIIRS 550 nm AOD retrievals against independent NASA Aqua and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer AOD retrievals, Aerosol Robotic Network AOD, and independent AOD and aerosol analyses from NASA and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Through scaling and perturbing aerosol emissions, SPE enhanced ensemble error‐spread consistency and further improved AOD assimilation. The valid‐time‐shifting ensemble approach in a cost‐effective manner of populating background ensembles showed positive impacts on AOD assimilation.
Plain Language Summary
Accurate representation of atmospheric aerosols is becoming increasingly important for weather, climate, and air quality. Data assimilation (DA) that “optimally” combines information from various sources has been widely applied to generate initial conditions or analyses for atmospheric numerical models. In this study, an ensemble‐based global aerosol DA capability was developed within the Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration to synthesize information from aerosol model forecasts and aerosol observations to improve initial conditions and subsequent forecasts in the global aerosol model at National Centers for Environmental Prediction. In an ensemble‐based DA system where model uncertainty needs to be accurately estimated, two approaches were explored to better account for aerosol model uncertainty by scaling and stochastically perturbing aerosol emissions and leveraging background ensembles valid at different times to inexpensively populate background ensembles at the analysis time. Robustness of this newly developed global aerosol DA system and positive impacts of these two approaches were demonstrated in the retrospective and near‐real‐time experiments against independent aerosol observations and analyses.
Key Points
A Joint Effort for Data assimilation Integration‐based three‐dimensional ensemble‐variational global aerosol data assimilation system was developed for Global Ensemble Forecast System‐Aerosols (GEFS‐Aerosols) at NCEP
A stochastically perturbed emission approach was developed in GEFS‐Aerosols to account for aerosol emission uncertainty
Assimilation of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals improves GEFS‐Aerosols analyses and forecasts against independent AOD and aerosol analyses
Universities and colleges are fertile foodscapes for action-based education. They are physical and socio-cultural sites where pressing food systems problems play out at micro to macro scales. ...Structural inequities based on race, class, gender and gender identity, sexual orientation, dis/ability, and other forms of marginalization affect both access to food and to agri-food learning opportunities. In this article, we propose that students can learn through their everyday experiences of engaging with their physical and socio-cultural environment, namely the campus food system, by conducting foodscape mapping. Since 2015, the University of California Berkeley Food Institute has supported the Foodscape Mapping Project, in which students, staff, and faculty generate food systems knowledge while developing practical interventions to advance justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI). We investigate how campus foodscape mapping might generate substantive learning about JEDI in food systems education; the kinds of learning that take place through foodscape mapping; and the educational practices and institutional structures that can support learning through foodscape mapping. We identify at least eight forms and processes of expansive learning that emerged through mapping work, using students' own insights into what they were learning. Finally, we reflect on our learning experiences in running the project, and develop broader design elements that other campuses can apply.
Set five years before Episode IV: A New Hope, Star Wars Rebels (2014–18) is an animated series focused on a band of smugglers who join the Rebel Alliance. In keeping with Lucas’s Star Wars universe, ...Star Wars Rebels’s two Jedi characters have biblical names: Jedi Kanan Jarrus (also known as Caleb Dume) and his Padawan, Ezra Bridger. Additionally, other main characters include myth-named aliens Hera and Janus and Roman-named humans with Imperial links, such as Rex, Sabine, Tiber, Titus, and Konstantine. This article explores the meanings of these names for their characters and their implications in the larger struggle between the Rebel Alliance and the Galactic Empire.
This article explores the Mortis trilogy, a three-episode story arc from the third season of Star Wars: The Clone Wars, as the rhetorical articulation of a spiritual text. As more than one Star Wars ...scholar has pointed out, some fans draw on the spiritual ideologies scattered throughout the popular franchise and position themselves as real-life followers of a Jedi code. With this in mind, I suggest that the Mortis story arc offers a lucid account of the Force as related to spiritual practice. As Scott Stroud points out in his work examining the intersection of popular culture, rhetoric, and religion, spiritual texts serve two primary functions: (1) to explain the divine nature of the world and (2) to offer the means to achieve spiritual awareness. I contend that the Mortis trilogy fulfills both of these functions. To make my argument concerning The Clone Wars story arc explicit, I explore the relationship between Star Wars and spiritual practice, emphasize the rhetorical nature of such a relationship, and illustrate how the Mortis trilogy offers a coherent spirituality lacking in the other texts of the Star Wars universe.
Aim Projections of future climate change suggest that regional climates may evolve to states that are unlike any climate regime found on Earth today. These climates will impose novel constraints on ...plant species, and are likely to give rise to plant associations that are compositionally unlike any found on Earth today. Here, we explore whether the geographical distribution of previously mapped no-analogue climates corresponds to the geographical distribution of simulated no-analogue vegetation under scenarios of global warming. Location Global landmasses. Methods We used JeDi, a process-based vegetation model that accounts for ecophysiological trade-offs in plant growth and survival, to identify the assembly of plant functional types into no-analogue associations under scenarios of global warming. We compared the geographical distribution of these no-analogue vegetation types with those of no-analogue climates derived from seasonal temperature and precipitation. To better understand the climatic causes that lead to no-analogue vegetation, we performed a set of JeDi simulation experiments and compared them, as well as selected climate indices, with the geographical distribution of no-analogue vegetation. Finally, we explored the changes in plant characteristics leading to no-analogue vegetation composition. Results In our model simulations, a no-analogue vegetation type emerged in Northern Eurasia due to the interacting effects of rising temperatures and the prolongation of the growing season, combined with stable patterns in the seasonal insolation cycle. Future tropical biomes experiencing novel temperature and precipitation regimes however, resemble contemporary vegetation despite significant losses of plant diversity. Main conclusions Our modelling study shows how no-analogue vegetation can emerge in response to novel climates produced by rising temperatures and stable insolation, while also suggesting that no-analogue climates do not necessarily lead to no-analogue vegetation types. This result underlines the importance of considering plant diversity and the need to integrate ecophysiological knowledge through process-orientated models when projecting future vegetation.
Abstract
Attacks on minoritized communities and increasing awareness of the societal causes of health disparities have combined to highlight deep systemic inequities. In response, academic health ...centers have prioritized justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) in their strategic goals. To have a sustained impact, JEDI efforts cannot be siloed; rather, they must be woven into the fabric of our work and systematically assessed to promote meaningful outcomes and accountability. To this end, the University of Pittsburgh’s Institute for Clinical Research Education assembled a task force to create and apply a rubric to identify short and long-term JEDI goals, assess the current state of JEDI at our Institute, and make recommendations for immediate action. To ensure deep buy-in, we gathered input from diverse members of our academic community, who served on targeted subcommittees. We then applied a three-step process to ensure rapid forward progress. We emerged with concrete actions for priority focus and a plan for ongoing assessment of JEDI institutionalization. We believe our process and rubric offer a scalable and adaptable model for other institutions and departments to follow as we work together across academic medical institutions to put our justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion goals into meaningful action.
As an increasingly adopted renewable energy resource, solar power has a high potential for carbon emission reduction and economic development. This paper calculates the impact on job, income and ...output creation of a new solar power plant in an input‐output framework. The contribution is twofold. First, we compare the multipliers generated by the construction and operation/maintenance of a plant located in California with those it would have generated had it been built in Arizona. Second, we point out the differences in the results obtained with the popular IMPLAN software from those we get with the solar photovoltaic model of JEDI.
Resumen
La energía solar, debido a ser una fuente de energía renovable que cada vez se está adoptando más, tiene un gran potencial para la reducción de emisiones de carbono y el desarrollo económico. Este artículo calcula el impacto de la creación de una nueva planta de energía solar en la generación de empleos, ingresos y producción, dentro de un marco de input‐output. La contribución es doble. Primero, se comparan los multiplicadores generados por la construcción y la operación y el mantenimiento de una planta ubicada en California, con los que se habrían generado si se hubiera construido en Arizona. Segundo, se señalan las diferencias en los resultados obtenidos con el software de uso popular denominado IMPLAN respecto a las obtenidas con el modelo de energía solar fotovoltaica JEDI.
要約
太陽光発電は、再生可能エネルギーの資源としてその利用が拡大しているが、二酸化炭素排出量の削減と経済発展にとって大きな可能性を持っている。本論文では、新規太陽光発電プラントが、インプットとアウトプットのフレームワークにおいて、雇用、所得、生産に与える影響を算出する。本論文の貢献は2面的である。第1に、カリフォルニアに立地するプラントの建設と操業・維持から生まれる乗数と、プラントがアリゾナに建設されていた場合の乗数を比較する。第2に、JEDIの太陽光発電モデルから得られた乗数から、一般的なIMPLANソフトウェアを使って求められた結果の相違を明らかにする。
Drawing on the new canon, this article explores the ecological nature of the Force to evaluate the abilities and actions of its most visible adherents, the Jedi and the Sith. Through particular ...attention to prophecy and animal taming, this article demonstrates that the near extinction of the monastic Jedi resulted from a failure to adhere to the will of the Force, which then empowered the predatory Sith to cull the Jedi and balance the environment. Close readings of Coruscant, Dagobah, and other planets offer insight into the Force’s nature, which clarifies Palpatine’s deposal of the Jedi while corrupting Anakin Skywalker, unpacks Yoda’s exile, illuminates technological relics manifested by the living Force, and explicates the final duel of Episode VII: The Force Awakens.
Which state is Yoda? Croucher, Matt
Energy policy,
03/2012, Letnik:
42
Journal Article
Recenzirano
As Yoda famously said “Size matters not,…. Look at me. Judge me by size, do you”. If indeed we do judge by size then Pennsylvania appears to be the Yoda of solar deployment.
Demystifying the Graduate School Application Process Estien, Cesar O.; Chapman, Melissa; Schell, Christopher J. ...
Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America,
01/2023, Letnik:
104, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Navigating the graduate school application process is often challenging, requiring intricate knowledge of academia and graduate institutional structures. This “Hidden Curriculum of Academia” includes ...what different graduate degrees offer, how to connect with a faculty member of interest, and the skills needed to submit a “competitive” application. We hope to demystify a portion of this hidden curriculum by focusing on the process of applying to graduate school in research-oriented science programs. This article provides an overview of graduate school, the application process, how to prepare for it, and potential career paths to pursue following a Master’s or Doctoral degree. Our work contributes to the larger literature that aims to increase the transparency of academia and create a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive space.
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