Antibiotic resistance is a global threat caused by factors such as overuse of antibiotics, lack of awareness, development of biofilms etc. World Health Organization released a list of global priority ...pathogens which consisted of 12 species of bacteria categorized as expressing critical, high and medium resistance. Several Gram-negative and Gram-positive species are known to cause wide varieties of infections and have become multidrug or extremely drug resistant. Pathogens causing infections associated with invasive medical devices are biofilm producers and hence their treatment becomes difficult due to a structurally stable matrix which prevents antibiotics from penetrating the biofilm and thereby showing its effects. Factors contributing to tolerance are inhibition of penetration, restricted growth and activation of biofilm genes. Combination drug therapies has also shown potential to eradicate biofilm infections. A combination of inhaled Fosfomycin/tobramycin antibiotic strategy has been effective against Gram-negative as well as Gram positive organisms. Along with antibiotics, use of natural or synthetic adjuvants shows promising effects to treat biofilm infections. Fluroquinolone activity on biofilms is disrupted by low oxygen tension in the matrix, a strategy known as hyperbaric oxygen treatment that can enhance efficacy of antibiotics if well optimized. Adjuvants such as Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) and chlorhexidine act by killing non-growing microbial cells aggregated on the inner layer of the biofilm. This review aims to list down current combination therapies used against Gram-negative and Gram-positive biofilm forming pathogens and brief about comparison of combination drugs and their efficacies.
In this paper, novel knowledge-aided space-time adaptive processing (KA-STAP) algorithms using sparse representation/recovery (SR) techniques by exploiting the spatio-temporal sparsity are proposed ...to suppress the clutter for airborne pulsed Doppler radar. The proposed algorithms are not simple combinations of KA and SR techniques. Unlike the existing sparsity-based STAP algorithms, they reduce the dimension of the sparse signal by using prior knowledge resulting in a lower computational complexity. Different from the KA parametric covariance estimation (KAPE) scheme, they estimate the covariance matrix using SR techniques that avoids complex selections of the Doppler shift and the covariance matrix taper. The details of the selection of potential clutter array manifold vectors according to prior knowledge are discussed and compared with the KAPE scheme. Moreover, the implementation issues and the computational complexity analysis for the proposed algorithms are also considered. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithms obtain a better performance and a lower complexity compared with the sparsity-based STAP algorithms and outperform the KAPE scheme in presence of errors in prior knowledge.
Peace education is an emerging and growing field of study that holds promise for the future survival of our species. In this study, I use a relational hermeneutics method to analyze the relative ...compatibility of elements of three major peace education approaches (i.e. integrative, critical and comprehensive) with the Kuwaiti sociocultural context. My findings reveal several compatible elements: reflection, dialogue, creative learning, and action. I use these elements to propose a framework for a Kuwaiti Approach to Peace Education (KAPE) and discuss several practical and research implications.
Abstract Epilepsy is poorly understood by the public and has been associated with numerous myths. This, coupled with its sometimes dramatic clinical manifestations, has often resulted in ...stigmatization of persons with epilepsy. A questionnaire to measure knowledge of, attitudes toward, and perceptions of epilepsy (KAPE) was adapted from previous studies and administered to students of the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago. The response rate was 91% (355 students). Knowledge was limited, especially with respect to epilepsy’s cause, its incidence, and management of an acute emergency. Attitudes toward epilepsy were generally positive. Students who knew someone with epilepsy scored significantly higher on knowledge and attitude questions. A stigma score was calculated to assess perceived stigmatization. There were no differences between the genders, but persons from rural areas and persons of mixed ethnicity perceived less stigmatization. Hindus perceived greater stigmatization than people of other religions. Overall, students still feel persons with epilepsy are discriminated against and experience stigmatization.
This article tests out the feasibility of identifying the 'flâneur' as a mode of observation or being, in contemporary South Korean cinema and explores the extent to which the flâneur may illuminate ...the relationships forged between characters and the urban space of Seoul in the two films: Breathless (Ddongpari, Yang Ik-june, 2008) and Café Noir (Kape neuwareu, Jeong Seong-il, 2009). The two 'romantic' couples in these films walk the streets of Seoul, only to discover their inherent inability to socially integrate and fulfil romantic desire. I pay particular attention to the presentation of two locations - the streets of the tourist district Insadong in the former, and the newly renovated and gentrified Cheonggyecheon stream area in the latter - and examine how neither 'traditional' nor modern spaces allow for emotional satisfaction for the protagonists.
U radu se donose rezultati analize nekoliko predmeta iz ostave Brodski Varoš (Slavonski Brod) koji ukazuju na prisustvo ljevačke djelatnosti na tom lokalitetu. U ostavi su pronađene uljevne kape ...(njem. Gusszapfen) koje su dokaz da se lijevalo u dvodijelnim kalupima. U ostavi se nalaze i dva čekića s tuljcem koja također mogu imati te implikacije. Ostava Brodski Varoš analizira se u kontekstu drugih ostava u Posavini iz vremena starije kulture polja sa žarama te se ističe značaj tog prostora na jugu Panonije za metalnu proizvodnju lokalne grupe Barice-Gređani.
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Verpstukas. Viena pusė priplota, su maža skylute viduryje. Paviršius lygus, neornamentuotas.
Verpstukas. Viena pusė priplota, su maža skylute viduryje. Paviršius lygus, neornamentuotas.
