У статт'1 проведено узагальнення особливостей сучасного переходу Bid шдустрюльно'1 економ'ши до постшдустр1ально'1 (економши знань) у межах модернвацшно'1 парадигми для краш ядра та натвперифери ...глобальноi економчноi системи. Доведено, що серед вторичного р'вноманття нацюнальних фенометв модертзаци можна вид'шити dвi альтернативы: моdелi: iнновацiйну та наздоганяючу. ОбГрунтовано, що iнновацiйна модель найб'шьшою мiрою характерна для крат, що формували ядро свтово'1' економмно'!' системи, водночас для краш, що знаходилися на натвперифери свiтового розвитку, б'шьш характерним е реалза^я наздоганяючоi моdелi. Виявлено, що сучасне нтелектуальне виробництво охоплюе, перш за все, галузi економiки, продукцию яких е iнформацiя i знання. Водночас штелектуальний каптал функцонуе i в галузях матер'шльного виробництва, також впливаючи на !х показники. Саме тому працвники нтелектуальноiпрацр що формують штелектуальн': верстви сусп'шьства, розглядаються як суб'екти нематер'шльного нтелектуального виробництва, що становить ядро економ'ши знань. 1х основна функщя полягае у виробництвi штелектуальних продукт'ш (соцально цнного знання), на вidмiну вд груп, сустльна фунщя яких полягае у матер'шлваци цих цнностей i знань. При цьому конкретно-кторичнi форми об'ективацИзнань, способи !х в'дтворення i, в':дпов':дно, кторичнi типи штелектуальних верств можуть значно вЩвнятися. Робиться висновок, що економ'ша знань розглядаеться як сфера господарськоi д'тльност'!, яка у сучасних умовах характеризуеться штенсивним використанням нтелектуального капталу як основного економчного ресурсу, в тому чит й у галузях матер'шльного виробництва.
‘Smart cities’ is a term that has gained traction in academia, business and government to describe cities that, on the one hand, are increasingly composed of and monitored by pervasive and ubiquitous ...computing and, on the other, whose economy and governance is being driven by innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship, enacted by smart people. This paper focuses on the former and, drawing on a number of examples, details how cities are being instrumented with digital devices and infrastructure that produce ‘big data’. Such data, smart city advocates argue enables real-time analysis of city life, new modes of urban governance, and provides the raw material for envisioning and enacting more efficient, sustainable, competitive, productive, open and transparent cities. The final section of the paper provides a critical reflection on the implications of big data and smart urbanism, examining five emerging concerns: the politics of big urban data, technocratic governance and city development, corporatisation of city governance and technological lock-ins, buggy, brittle and hackable cities, and the panoptic city.
Digital platforms that enable and foster associations and sharing among entrepreneurs and knowledge workers have become a vital part of the new knowledge economy, yet we know little about the new ...form of social organization of knowledge. This paper seeks to explore and evaluate two microscopic social mechanisms, namely network effect of recruitment and cultural affinity, that may produce knowledge clustering and differentiation within these communities. To understand the relative effect of mechanisms, we develop a novel estimation procedure that matches individual users based on their historical behavioral patterns. We collected and analyzed a large-scale event dataset from a digital platform for offline in-person meetups in two major U.S. cities, New York City and San Francisco Bay Area. We found that previous methods overestimate network effect in membership adoption decisions by 176%. Our findings show that the network effect is further amplified by varied levels of cultural affinity between individuals and groups, implying a clustering effect whereby individuals tend to gravitate towards groups that are culturally proximate. Implications for understanding social differentiation and the knowledge economy are discussed.
•The behavioural foundations of open innovation partnerships which is still not so much studied.•Drawing on TPB, a micro-foundation model for collaborative innovation and technology transfer is ...proposed.•Our model uncovers the microfoundations of technology transfer by describing the process of intention formation.•Data collected from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) dataset are analysed by both Anova and linear regression analyses.
In the current dynamic and virtuous flow of knowledge economy, firms are concern about whether to manage innovation centrally or through decentralized business units. Two needs emerge 1. Guaranteeing organizational efficiency and 2. Exploiting effectively market opportunity. This usually implies the integration of knowledge in technology transfer which can be accrued via the knowledge sharing between parties. However, by looking into the technological and social change literature, previous studies were mainly focused on macro-foundation of technology transfer and organizational innovative capabilities with less consideration to the role of psychological precursors of collaborations. Due to this gap, we intended to build a consistent conceptual basis for collaborations and technology transfer practices at the micro level. Therefore, drawing on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) we propose a micro-foundation model for collaborative innovation and technology transfer.
To test our theoretical arguments, we use data collected from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) dataset. Hypotheses are tested through both Anova and linear regression analyses. Findings show positive and linear relationships either between our perceived control factors and the intention between technology transfer and intentions.
Electoral divides mobilized by the far right and the new left typically have an important spatial component. An urban-rural cleavage (originally theorized by Lipset and Rokkan) seems to have ...re-surfaced. This paper argues that a cleavage perspective on spatial political divides remains insightful but that the urban-rural cleavage needs to be re-conceptualized for the knowledge society era. Building on cleavage theory and using novel Swiss survey data, the study shows that spatial divides today can be understood as conflicts that are largely sectoral and educational at their core (rooted in the knowledge-based economy). However, these divides may become politically mobilized and perceived through a lens of place. Categories like ‘urban/rural’ can structure people's mental maps of society, even when they inaccurately capture political conflicts' structural and geographical underpinnings.
In this introduction to the special issue on decolonizing African Studies, we discuss some of the epicolonial dynamics that characterize much of higher education and knowledge production in, of, ...with, and for Africa. Decolonizing, we argue, is best understood as a verb that entails a political and normative ethic and practice of resistance and intentional undoing - unlearning and dismantling unjust practices, assumptions, and institutions - as well as persistent positive action to create and build alternative spaces and ways of knowing. We present four dimesions of decolonizing work: structural, epistemic, personal, and relational, which are entangled and equally necessary. We offer the Black Academic Caucus at the University of Cape Town as an example of how these dimensions can come to life, and introduce the contributions in this special issue (the first of a two-part series) that illuminate other sites and dimensions of decolonizing.
What drives taxes on the rich? In this article, we claim that the existing empirical literature on taxing the rich suffers from two key shortcomings: 1) It pays too little attention to the major ...structural and technological changes that have taken place in advanced capitalist economies since the 1970s; and 2) it lacks consensus on how to measure taxes on the rich. We seek to address these shortcomings by exploring the implications of the rise of the knowledge economy for taxing the rich, as well as constructing a new, comprehensive measure of taxes on the rich. We then carry out a panel data analysis estimating the effect of the employment share in knowledge-intensive services on taxes on the rich in 13 OECD countries from 1970-2015. Our results show that the expansion of the knowledge economy is strongly and robustly associated with lower taxes on the rich.
This paper is part of the research on functional roles of European towns conducted by a group of researchers gathered around the ESPON project ‘TOWN’. Building on the systematic analysis of the ...socio‐economic dynamics of 31 European small and medium‐sized towns (SMSTs), we identified three profiles of their local economies. The first profile is defined as a dominant ‘residential’ economy that mostly relies on local activities that satisfy the needs of people in an area (residents, commuters or tourists). The second profile corresponds to a dominant ‘productive’ economy based on the production of goods and services to be mainly exported and consumed out of its area. The third profile is the mixed type that is characterised by an important share of activities in productive and residential sector with a complementary ‘creative‐knowledge’ dimension, based on entrepreneurship, creativity and collaboration in innovation. Moreover, we analysed the economic performance and the shift in profiles in order to detect in which way towns make choices between residential economy, competitiveness and innovation for their local development.
Academic productivity and scholarly publication are a major requirement for academics in today’s market-oriented academia and a major marker of their position and career prospects in academic ...stratification. Adopting a global perspective and drawing on fields such as sociology and economy of knowledge, second language writing (SLW), and the fast-expanding field of English for research publication purposes (ERPP), this paper looks at a number of historical, socio-political and economic issues and a network of actors that have shaped and impacted knowledge economy development and exalted scholarly publication in current academic discourse. The paper also looks at and problematizes the analytical lenses through which SLW has examined the scholarly publication practices of scholars globally. Moreover, it proposes other complementary ways to examine scholarly publication practices in international academic contexts which can add a more nuanced understanding to the current scholarship in this domain. Finally, it puts forward a number of suggestions for further inquiry in the domain of scholarly publication that may be of interest to SLW research community.
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