•Clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from not members of any clan.•e-Sports players differed from casual players in life goals affiliation and diversion.•e-Sports – a means of ...satisfying the need to belong through (teams, LAN parties).•e-Sports – a means of satisfying the need for power(position of a game team leader).
e-Sports is an area of the game scene, in which computer game players specialize in a specific game, form game teams (clans), compete together in tournaments and meet at so-called LAN (Local Area Network) parties. The objective of this study was to compare the different types of e-Sports players from the perspective of their personality traits and explicit motives and to compare e-Sports players with casual players in selected life goals.
A questionnaire assessing life goals (Pöhlmann & Brunstein, 1997) and basic personality traits (Personality inventory KUD, 1986) were administered to 108 e-Sports players and 54 casual computer game players.
In the group of e-Sports players, only clan leaders significantly differed in life goal power from those who were not members of any clan. Significant differences were also found between e-Sports players and casual players in terms of life goals affiliation and diversion.
e-Sports seem not only to be about playing computer games, but can also serve as a means of satisfying the need to belong. They do this by creating friendly relationships through membership in game teams and participation in LAN parties, or satisfying the need for power by upholding a position of a game team leader and determining its course of action.
El vertiginoso desarrollo tecnológico y creciente ritmo evolutivo de las redes actuales hacen que la gestión sea vital. Sin embargo, la existencia de la gestión heterogénea derivada de la ...heterogeneidad de las redes de telecomunicaciones provoca, entre otros, ineficiencias y encarecimiento de la operación de las redes. Algunos de los problemas de la gestión heterogénea son: necesidad de tener personal capacitado para operar cada uno de los sistemas de gestión propietarios correspondientes a tecnologías y equipamientos de diferentes fabricantes, trabajar con diferentes protocolos de gestión y enfrentar la diversidad e incompatibilidad de datos que llevan a inconsistencia y hasta posible duplicidad de la información de gestión. En este artículo se presenta el diseño e implementación de un Sistema Integrado de Gestión de conmutadores de red de área local (LAN) empleando el protocolo SNMP. Se revisan brevemente las características del protocolo SNMP, de la MIB de Monitoreo Remoto (RMON) y de la gestión de los conmutadores LAN. Para el diseño del sistema se tuvieron en cuenta requerimientos que consideraran las necesidades actuales de la gestión integrada en las empresas operadoras de servicios de telecomunicaciones. La programación se realizó empleando el lenguaje Python y se dividió en varios módulos: acceso y administración de usuarios; inventario y gestión de conmutadores LAN; estadísticas, eventos y alarmas; y funciones de diagnóstico. Su validación se realizó implementando el sistema en un pequeño escenario de prueba en la red de un operador público de servicios de telecomunicaciones, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. Palabras claves: Gestión integrada de redes, protocolo SNMP, conmutadores LAN, sistemas de gestión. The vertiginous technological development and increasing evolutionary rhythm of current networks make management vital. However, the existence of heterogeneous management derived from the heterogeneity of telecommunications networks causes, among other things, inefficiencies and increased cost of network operation. Some of the problems of heterogeneous management are: the need to have trained personnel to operate each of the proprietary management systems corresponding to technologies and equipment from different manufacturers, to work with different management protocols and to deal with the diversity and incompatibility of data that they carry. to inconsistency and even possible duplication of management information. This article presents the design and implementation of an Integrated Management System for local area network (LAN) switches using the SNMP protocol. Features of the SNMP protocol, Remote Monitoring MIB (RMON), and LAN switch management are briefly reviewed. For the design of the system, requirements were taken into account that considered the current needs of integrated management in the operating companies of telecommunications services. The programming was done using the Python language and was divided into several modules: user access and administration; LAN switch inventory and management; statistics, events and alarms; and diagnostic functions. Its validation was carried out by implementing the system in a small test scenario in the network of a public operator of telecommunications services, obtaining satisfactory results. Keywords: Integrated management of networks, SNMP, LAN switches, management systems. Integrated Management System for LAN switches using the SNMP protocol.
The Tactile Internet promises new applications and services that harness real-time human-machine interactions to revolutionize our everyday life. Its realization however, necessitates a complete ...rethink of the underlying communications infrastructure as these applications/services necessitate carrier-grade reliability, ultra-high security, and ultra-low latency (~1 ms). To meet stringent latency targets, control/steering servers are anticipated to be placed at a short distance of only a few kilometers to the tactile edge. Therefore, in addition to the significant on-going research in the wireless tactile edge, there is an urgent need to focus on the local area network (LAN) segment to support the vision of Tactile Internet. Rising to this challenge, we report on the first initiative in designing LANs to facilitate the converged delivery of latency-sensitive Tactile Internet traffic and bandwidth-intensive applications. Specifically, our solution combines the time and wavelength division multiplexing technology on a passive optical LAN, with a predictive resource allocation algorithm termed Tactile Internet capable dynamic wavelength and bandwidth allocation algorithm (TI-DWBA). TI-DWBA is designed to estimate the average bandwidth of Tactile Internet (TI) and non-TI traffic at each integrated optical network terminal/wireless access point (ONT/WAP), exploit prediction mechanisms at the central office to predict and allocate bandwidth and wavelengths to accumulated traffic at each ONT/WAP, dynamically vary the number of active wavelengths in the network such that network congestion is alleviated to satisfy end-to-end latency constraints. In this paper, the effectiveness of TI-DWBA in constraining end-to-end latency of Tactile Internet traffic is tested under various network configurations, traffic distributions, traffic proportions, and traffic loads, with results indicating that ultra-low end-to-end latencies in the order of 100 μs are achievable.
•Patterns of light exposure during day and night have direct effects on circadian biology and health.•Modern electric lighting practices also enable 24/7 activities and may lead to circadian ...disruption.•Work at night is a complex exposure scenario, including, but not limited to, light at night.•Some light and work at night are essential to society, making identification of interventions challenging.•Better measures of exposure and early disease may help identify interventions to protect public health.
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The invention of electric light has facilitated a society in which people work, sleep, eat, and play at all hours of the 24-hour day. Although electric light clearly has benefited humankind, exposures to electric light, especially light at night (LAN), may disrupt sleep and biological processes controlled by endogenous circadian clocks, potentially resulting in adverse health outcomes. Many of the studies evaluating adverse health effects have been conducted among night- and rotating-shift workers, because this scenario gives rise to significant exposure to LAN. Because of the complexity of this topic, the National Toxicology Program convened an expert panel at a public workshop entitled “Shift Work at Night, Artificial Light at Night, and Circadian Disruption” to obtain input on conducting literature-based health hazard assessments and to identify data gaps and research needs. The Panel suggested describing light both as a direct effector of endogenous circadian clocks and rhythms and as an enabler of additional activities or behaviors that may lead to circadian disruption, such as night-shift work and atypical and inconsistent sleep-wake patterns that can lead to social jet lag. Future studies should more comprehensively characterize and measure the relevant light-related exposures and link these exposures to both time-independent biomarkers of circadian disruption and biomarkers of adverse health outcomes. This information should lead to improvements in human epidemiological and animal or in vitro models, more rigorous health hazard assessments, and intervention strategies to minimize the occurrence of adverse health outcomes due to these exposures.
Ban-Lan-Gen, the root tissues derived from several morphologically indistinguishable plant species, have been used widely in traditional Chinese medicines for numerous years. The identification of ...reliable markers to distinguish various source plant species is critical for the effective and safe use of products containing Ban-Lan-Gen. Here, we analyzed and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of
(Nees) Kuntze to identify high-resolution markers for the species determination of Southern Ban-Lan-Gen. Total DNA was extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing. The cp genome was then assembled, and the gaps were filled using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Genome annotation was conducted using CpGAVAS web server. The genome was 144,133 bp in length, presenting a typical quadripartite structure of large (LSC; 91,666 bp) and small (SSC; 17,328 bp) single-copy regions separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 17,811 bp). The genome encodes 113 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. A total of 20 tandem, 2 forward, and 6 palindromic repeats were detected in the genome. A phylogenetic analysis based on 65 protein-coding genes showed that
was closely related to
and
, which belong to the same family, Acanthaceae. One interesting feature is that the IR regions apparently undergo simultaneous contraction and expansion, resulting in the presence of single copies of rps19, rpl2, rpl23, and ycf2 in the LSC region and the duplication of psbA and trnH genes in the IRs. This study provides the first complete cp genome in the genus
, containing critical information for the classification of various
species in the future. This study also provides the foundation for precisely determining the plant sources of Ban-Lan-Gen.
Language-related event-related potential (ERP) components such as the N400 have traditionally been associated with linguistic or cognitive functional interpretations. By contrast, it has been ...considerably more difficult to relate these components to neurobiologically grounded accounts of language. Here, we propose a theoretical framework based on a predictive coding architecture, within which negative language-related ERP components such as the N400 can be accounted for in a neurobiologically plausible manner. Specifically, we posit that the amplitude of negative language-related ERP components reflects precision-weighted prediction error signals, i.e., prediction errors weighted by the relevance of the information source leading to the error. From this perspective, precision has a direct link to cue validity in a particular language and, thereby, to relevance of individual linguistic features for internal model updating. We view components such as the N400 and LAN as members of a family with similar functional characteristics and suggest that latency and topography differences between these components reflect the locus of prediction errors and model updating within a hierarchically organized cortical predictive coding architecture. This account has the potential to unify findings from the full range of the N400 literature, including word-level, sentence-, and discourse-level results as well as cross-linguistic differences.
Conventional real-time wireless network emulators interact with physical network systems using wired LAN (Ethernet) virtualization technology, such as a TUN/TAP device, but they lack the capability ...of emulating the low-layer (data link sublayer and below) behavior of wireless network systems. For instance, a wireless device in ETSI ITS-G5 vehicular network systems adaptively changes its transmission power depending on the received signal strength, but existing wireless network emulators are incapable of simulating such behavior because they have no means of conveying transmission power information to the surrounding wireless devices in a virtual space. In addition, the implementations of existing network emulators vary even if they support the same network protocols and network configuration, and they rarely support multiple network simulators. The implementation of the network emulators limits the usability of network emulation because network simulators differ widely in the accuracy of their results. This paper proposes a wireless network emulation module called WiNE-Tap, which is implemented as a virtual wireless network device, to address these issues. WiNE-Tap runs in the Linux kernel space, allowing the underlying Linux system and a network simulator to exchange Linux kernel events and simulation events, such as frame transmission/reception and transmission power/RSSI changes, transparently to the user. This implementation allows the emulation of the adaptive behavior of wireless network low layers, as well as the use of any wireless network simulator. In this paper, we evacuate the performance of WiNE-Tap using Linux implementation with consideration of the simulation of radio propagation and network modes’ mobility. Some techniques for improving the timing accuracy of wireless network emulation are also described.
A Survey on Fusion-Based Indoor Positioning Guo, Xiansheng; Ansari, Nirwan; Hu, Fangzi ...
IEEE Communications surveys and tutorials,
2020-Firstquarter, 2020-00-00, 20200101, Letnik:
22, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Demands for indoor positioning based services (IPS) in commercial and military fields have spurred many positioning systems and techniques. Complex electromagnetic environments (CEEs) may, however, ...degenerate the accuracy and robustness of some existing single systems and techniques. To overcome this drawback, fusion-based positioning of multiple systems and/or techniques have been proposed to revamp the positioning performance in CEEs. In this paper, we survey the fusion-based indoor positioning techniques and systems from seminal works to elicit the state of the art within our proposed unified fusion-based positioning framework, which consists of three fusion characteristics: source, algorithm, and weight spaces. Different from other surveys, this survey summarizes and analyzes the existing fusion-based positioning systems and techniques from three characteristics. Meanwhile, discussions in terms of lessons, challenges, and countermeasures are also presented. This survey is invaluable for researchers to acquire a clear concept of indoor fusion-based positioning systems and techniques and also to gain insights from this survey to further develop other advanced fusion-based positioning systems and techniques in the future.
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