The article presents the basic solutions to be applied in the so-called annuity real rights. These are limited real rights (iura in rem), which permit obtaining certain revenues from real property on ...a regular basis. Their essential purpose is to secure specified periodical benefits, primarily those of a pecuniary nature. These rights show some similarities, on the one hand, to pledge-type rights (especially mortgage) and, on the other hand, to easements. Currently, no annuity real charges of any kind have been regulated under the Polish civil law (since the entry of the Civil Code into force in 1965), as they were perceived, albeit incorrectly, as a reminiscence of the epoch of feudalism. However, they are still popular in other European civil law legislations, for example in the German, Swiss, Austrian, Spanish, Czech, Estonian, Slovenian or Croatian laws. The prototype for this category of rights is the real burden (German: Reallast). This paper presents various solutions for the latter institution as well as related institutions, such as the Swiss “annuity letter” (German: Gült, French: lettre de rente) and the German annuity land charge (German: Rentengrundschuld). Different concepts for the legal nature of the annuity rights have been presented, in particular the German real burden, which formed the basis for proposals of solutions in the work of the Polish Civil Law Codification Committee at the beginning of the 21st century. The potential usefulness of the real burden rights indicated in this article confirms the legitimacy of introducing this type of legal institution into the Polish law.
Le terrain destiné à être construit a bien évidemment un coût, d'autant plus élevé que les équipements apportés par l'aménagement sont développés. Commercialisé, il a un prix de vente qui ne ...correspond pas nécessairement au prix de revient (il lui est généralement inférieur, étant atténué par des aides publiques), l'équilibre des dépenses par les ressources de toutes natures étant un impératif. Le prix de vente du terrain représente la charge foncière qui constitue la contrepartie financière d'un droit à construire consenti par l'aménageur au constructeur. Différenciée selon la nature des constructions et assez éloignée de ce que serait une valeur objective du terrain aménagé, la charge foncière -élément important du prix de revient du logement- a été (et demeure) un instrument dans la conduite de la politique de construction.
Land intended for construction obviously has a cost, which increases with the level of facilities provided in the development. Commercialized, its selling price does not necessarily correspond to the cost price (it is generally less, being reduced by public subsidies), the balance of expenditures by resources of all types being an essential requirement. The selling price of the land represents the land charge which forms the financial compensation of a right to build granted by the developer to the constructor. Varying depending on the type of constructions and relatively remote from what would be an objective value of the developed land, the land charge -an important part in the cost price of the dwelling- has been (and remains) a tool in the implementation of the building policy.
Auger Jean. La charge foncière, entre aménageur et constructeur. In: Villes en parallèle, n°38-39, décembre 2004. Des grands ensembles à la banlieue. Témoignages sur une page de l'histoire urbaine française. pp. 98-111.
Vrijednosni papiri u ovrsi Rijavec, Vesna
Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu,
07/2013, Letnik:
63, Številka:
3-4
Paper
Odprti dostop
U članku su vrijednosni papiri obrađeni kao predmet ovrhe i kao osnova za pokretanje ovrhe prema slovenskom pravnom poretku koji nije vrlo različit od hrvatskog. Prvo su vrijednosni papiri izloženi ...prema osnovnim kategorijama njihove podjele, a u nastavku su izložene mogućnosti provođenja ovrhe na njima. Posebno poglavlje obuhvaća mjenicu koja je još uvijek vjerodostojna isprava na temelju koje je moguće predložiti ovrhu, ali su uvjeti za naplatu u novom uređenju dosta pojednostavljeni. Naplata novčane tražbine iz sredstava na bankovnom računu moguća je, naime, odmah nakon izdavanja još nepravomoćnog rješenja o ovrsi na temelju prezentirane mjenice kao vjerodostojne isprave i usprkos pravovremenom prigovoru protiv rješenja. Autorica upozorava na probleme koji se u vezi s tim javljaju.
Compensation or restitution? Fleming, David
Journal of property valuation & investment,
10/1995, Letnik:
13, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Examines the resolution of rights to former expropriated owners of
land and buildings in Hungary. Looks at social and economic implications
of the choice between compen-sation and restitution. ...Analyses the
initial results of the Compensation Acts 1991-92. Indicates that the
social goals may now have been achieved but the land market remains
largely dysfunctional. Analyses the results of the first Government
auctions. Suggests that the resultant price structure is unreliable.
Outlines what has been achieved in the transformation process. Concludes
that the future is still uncertain and dependent on public policy and
general economic conditions.
Land Law Wood, Derek
The Judicial House of Lords 1876–2009,
08/2009
Book Chapter
This chapter focuses on the role of the House of Lords in relation to land law. It argues that the House has always responded energetically and purposefully to new legislation. Analysing the policy ...underlying an Act of Parliament, carrying it into effect, and setting appropriate boundaries have been its main areas of activity. The large areas of law and practice which lie outside social or economic policy have benefited at most from sporadic raids. The answers to many practical problems in those areas still lie in the decisions of the lower courts, and the textbooks.
Local Authority Searches Collins, Michael
Structural survey,
10/1994, Letnik:
12, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Identifies the information available from searches of the Local Land
Charges Register (LLCR) and the duty of local authorities to supply
information and copies of relevant documents. Describes the ...means of
obtaining further information about properties from local authorities
whether by means of standard enquiry forms or separate requests for
information. Considers the duty of local authorities to reply to such
enquiries. Includes a summary of the different parts of the LLCR, and
details of the standard enquiries covered in the new enquiry form CON
29.
