U radu se, na osnovi raščlambe arhivskog gradiva iz Državnog arhiva u Dubrovniku (ser. 2 Reformationes i ser. 27/1 Lettere e commissioni di Levante), kao i postojećih saznanja iz historiografije, ...istražuju boravci žena iz dinastije Balšić u Dubrovniku, kao i (ne)očekivani izostanak dolaska, u vremenskom okviru od 1382. do 1428. godine. Kronološkim slijedom prate se njihovi dolasci u Grad, iznose se neki opći podatci o Balšićima i Dubrovniku, preko kojih je ukratko skiciran povijesni kontekst. Središnja tema ovog rada ponajprije je usmjerena na učestalost boravka žena dinastije Balšić u Gradu. Predmet istraživačkog interesa su supruge zetskih gospodara Balšića: Teodora, supruga Đurđa I., Komnina, žena Balše II., i Jelena, supruga Đurđa II., kao i kćeri Đurđa I.: Evdokija i Goislava, i Ruđina, kći Balše II. Analiziraju se razlozi dolaska, način na koji su ih dubrovačke vlasti diplomatski tretirale i sistem djelovanja ceremonijalnog koda, a pozornost je usmjerena i na diplomatske javne darove dubrovačkih vijeća njihovim gošćama. U tom se kontekstu, uz podatke o njihovu boravku, donosi i podrobnija raščlamba odnosa dubrovačkih vlasti prema ženama iz dinastije Balšić usmjerena na sadržaje njihovih odnosa. Promatrani prikazi otkrivaju da su Dubrovčani vodili računa o utjecajnim suprugama, majkama i kćerima osoba s kojima su stupali u pregovore jer su vjerovali da im njihov utjecaj na donositelje odluka može pomoći.
Lead in ancient Rome’s city waters Delile, Hugo; Blichert-Toft, Janne; Goiran, Jean-Philippe ...
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS,
05/2014, Letnik:
111, Številka:
18
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
It is now universally accepted that utilization of lead for domestic purposes and water distribution presents a major health hazard. The ancient Roman world was unaware of these risks. How far the ...gigantic network of lead pipes used in ancient Rome compromised public health in the city is unknown. Lead isotopes in sediments from the harbor of Imperial Rome register the presence of a strong anthropogenic component during the beginning of the Common Era and the Early Middle Ages. They demonstrate that the lead pipes of the water distribution system increased Pb contents in drinking water of the capital city by up to two orders of magnitude over the natural background. The Pb isotope record shows that the discontinuities in the pollution of the Tiber by lead are intimately entwined with the major issues affecting Late Antique Rome and its water distribution system.
This paper seeks to explore an alternative approach to the interpretation of paradoxal evidence by comparing finds and contexts. It is based upon the theorems of garbology, developed by the ...archaeologist William Rathje (1945-2012) in the Tucson Garbage Project. While Rathje used archaeological methods for research in garbage reflecting modern consumerism, this paper takes the opposite approach, applying the theorems of garbology to late medieval garbage practices. A case study focusing on Boringholm Castle (lifespan between 1369 and the early 15th century) discusses the paradox of finding artefacts reflecting an outstanding elite culture in a modest environment that resembles a farmstead rather than a late medieval castle. The range of finds at Boringholm is very broad, demonstrating that this was the household of a parvenu who tried to imitate a courtly lifestyle.
Jugar es una de las actividades con más significados de nuestra cultura y, en palabras del filósofo Eugen Fink, uno de los “fenómenos fundamentales de la existencia humana”. El juego llegó a la Edad ...Media estrechamente vinculado con el culto pagano, lo que llevó a la Iglesia cristiana a su condena y por ello a perder en parte su relación con lo sagrado. Sin embargo, la población mantuvo sus costumbres lúdicas y el juego fue adquiriendo una presencia tan grande en los siglos bajomedievales que las autoridades debieron regularlo, como muestra el caso del Libro del axedrez, dados e tablas del monarca Alfonso X. La Iglesia llegó a condenar el juego, sobre todo de azar, aunque en especial debido a sus consecuencias (el pecado), por lo que mantuvo su permiso cuando tenía lugar en el contexto y con la compañía adecuados. Esto le permitió conservar parte de su esencia y su conexión con la divinidad, relación que es analizada mediante fuentes legislativas, literarias e iconográficas de la época.
In the1990s, the team around Karl Härter and Michael Stolleis at the Max PlanckInstitute for European Legal History (today: the Max Planck Institute for LegalHistory and Legal Theory) developed a ...four-tier taxonomy to tag policeordinances in the Holy Roman Empire. This taxonomy contained some 1,200keywords, divided into 5 societal sectors, 25 regulatory areas, and c. 200police matters. The goal of this taxonomy was to enable comparative,interterritorial research. In our present research, we took this taxonomy,designed for princely legislation and ordinances promulgated in imperial towns,and applied it to a corpus of 109 medieval and early modern police regulations,containing thousands of legal provisions on all aspects of daily life in manorsin the county of Flanders. While the taxonomy was very helpful for analysingthese provisions, there were also some challenges related to the fact that wewere applying the taxonomy to another region and to another normative sourcetype. Given the continuing process of elaborating the taxonomy and the translation from Germaninto different languages, we argue that some coordination is necessary to avoidthat the meaning of the keywords gets lost in translation. Applying thetaxonomy is not a self-evident process. It is indispensable to have a users’guide and careful decision about translations to guarantee that the taxonomycan become a standard tool for tagging normative sources and enabling thecomparison of norms across territorial and linguistic borders.
The construction of modern states rests, among other things, on negotiation between monarchs and their subjects, whether in the framework of rebellions or through meetings in representative ...assemblies, in order to control the creation and collection of taxes. In this article we will examine four cases of dialogue between king and political community as a means of state-building in the late Middle Ages.
La construcción de los estados modernos descansa, entre otras cosas, en la negociación entre los monarcas y sus súbditos, ya sea en el marco de rebeliones o por medio de reuniones en las asambleas representativas, con el fin de controlar la creación y recaudación de impuestos. En el presente artículo examinaremos cuatro casos de diálogo entre rey y comunidad política como vía para levantar el Estado en la Baja Edad Media.
This article addresses the economic agency of women during the Late Middle Ages in Castile,
focusing on the hypothesis that women's involvement in the labor market increased during the 15th
century. ...The analysis of data obtained from ordinances, led to the identification of the types of work
performed by women during this period, among which is noticeable their participation in tasks related
to the services sector, as based on the number of documentary mentions. Subsequently, a discussion of
the factors that influenced this labor configuration is presented. The article concludes that during the
15th century, there was an increase in women's economic prominence in Castile, associated with an
expansion of possibilities for production, driven by labor specialization, surplus generation for the
market, and a decrease in self-sufficiency.
En este artículo abordamos la actividad económica femenina durante la Baja Edad Media en Castilla desde la hipótesis de que la vinculación de la mujer con el mercado laboral aumentó durante el siglo XV. Presentamos un vaciado de datos procedentes de ordenanzas, que nos permite identificar los trabajos realizados por las mujeres durante el periodo, entre los que destacan tareas vinculadas al sector servicios con base en el número de menciones documentales. A continuación, realizamos una discusión de los factores que incidieron en dicha configuración laboral. El artículo concluye que durante el siglo XV se produce en Castilla un incremento del protagonismo económico femenino, asociado a una ampliación de las fronteras de posibilidades de producción, derivadas de la especialización laboral, la generación de excedente para el mercado y la reducción del autoconsumo.
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