Introduction/Main Objectives: This study investigated preferred leadership styles across Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Millennials. The autocratic, participative, and laissez-faire were identified ...as the most prevalent styles; and were assessed to explore how the leadership styles across generations affect the role of leadership. Background Problems: Although leadership styles and perspectives have been investigated from divergent angles, the preferred leadership styles have not been explored adequately across generations. Novelty: This study endeavored at filling the gap in the literature, and to provide direction to stakeholders, as regards the preference of each generation for a particular leadership style. Research Methods: An exploratory research design was used for this study and questionnaire items were adopted from the Globe Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) project. The sample was obtained from adults over the age of eighteen from the Midwest USA and Canada. Finding/Results: The study confirmed the generally- accepted hypothesis that Baby Boomers tend to be workaholics and career-driven. The study provides direction and motivation for further confirmatory and exploratory studies pertaining to preferred leadership styles vis-à-vis generation as well as demographic, geographic, and cross-cultural variables. Conclusion: Generation X is highly focused on family, life, and work. The millennial generation has modern values and believes in treating everyone equally, though with a desire to be the center of attention for stealing the spotlight.
Given the unforeseen and uncertain circumstances during the pandemic, the role of government expenditure becomes extremely relevant in sustaining lives and livelihoods of the masses. This brings ...forth public sector deficit as a key issue of macroeconomic policy debate. This article aims at investigating the effects of an unanticipated adverse shock like COVID-19, on the real value of public debt, in a small open economy, consisting of traded and non-traded sectors, along with proposed management of such crisis with fiscal and monetary expansion. The results of policy-induced and exogenous shocks depend on the difference in the speeds of adjustments in real exchange rate, interest rate and real value of debt, and the associated multitudes of cross effects. While an unanticipated adverse shock like COVID-19 causes contraction of both traded and non-traded sectors and reduces consumption expenditure, investment expenditure and level of employment and real value of aggregate income in the short run, fiscal expansion causes higher real value of debt and lower real exchange rate.
JEL Codes: E12, E62, H63
The purpose of this paper is to estimate disguised unemployment in Iran manufacturing industries. For this purpose, we have used a dynamic employment model. The labor requirement frontier was ...approximated by applying Frontier Analysis method and translog cost function. The model is applied to a panel of nine groups of Iranian manufacturing industries based on two-digit ISIC classification for the period 1995-2012. We define disguised unemployment as the difference between optimal employment and actual employment. To find optimal employment we have used employment frontier function and we have defined optimal employment as the minimum labor requirement for a specified level of output. Our findings show that on average, disguised unemployment was more than 47 percent of total employments in manufacturing industries. However, this proportion was higher in group of “miscellaneous industries” (75 percent), followed by “nonmetallic minerals” (74/8 percent), but it was much lower in “textiles, apparel and leather industries” (2 percent) and “woods and furniture industries” (6 percent). In industries as important as “machinery” and “transport equipment”, disguised unemployment was around 58 percent. These findings seem reasonable, stemming probably from under-utilization of capacity in manufacturing industries.
The presented publication analyses unemployment and employment processes in the context of administrative regions of the Carpatho-Podilsky region of the Ukraine. The issues of economic activity of ...the population, types of appeals of local population to employment services, age structure of employment, level of employment, regional labour services, employment of population by sex-age structure are highlighted.
The presented publication analyses unemployment and employment processes in the context of administrative regions of the Carpatho-Podilsky region of the Ukraine. The issues of economic activity of ...the population, types of appeals of local population to employment services, age structure of employment, level of employment, regional labour services, employment of population by sex-age structure are highlighted.
The aim of this paper is to present the main ideas that could form the core of the Post-Keynesian approach to the analysis of labour demand at both micro- and macroeconomic levels. Specifically, this ...paper first reviews the essential elements characterising the Post-Keynesian approach to microeconomic analysis of labour demand. To do this, the "traditional view" is first presented, associated with the concept of the firm characterised by the presence of fixed technical coefficients and capacity reserves, and then the essential features of an alternative and more innovative view are described, based on the concept of the firm that emanates from the competence-based theories of organisation. Subsequently, the core of the Post-Keynesian contributions at the macroeconomic level is presented, organising them into two sections: first, those contributions that break away from the "second classical postulate" and second, those that additionally steer away from the "first classical postulate". Finally, the paper summarizes the main ideas that could be the core of the post-Keynesian approach to the analysis of labour demand, both in micro- and macroeconomic fields.
The study investigates how the Finnish model of providing initial vocational education and training (IVET) has succeeded in terms of enhancing educational progress and employability. A relatively ...high level of participation in IVET makes the Finnish model distinctive from those of three other Nordic countries: Denmark, Norway and Sweden. All four Nordic countries have well-organised labour markets and universal types of welfare states. Priority is given to goals related to equal opportunities and social inclusion. At the same time, these countries have different models of IVET. While the study compares the Finnish model of organising IVET to those of other Nordic countries, it also examines the German and UK models, which represent differing societal approaches to IVET. The differences in the outcomes of the IVET systems are described and analysed through reviewing secondary data provided by Eurydice and Eurostat, along with country reports produced in a Nordic comparative project, Nord-VET.
미용특성화고등학교 학생들의 진로장벽이 취업결정수준에 미치는 영향 김아영; A-yeong Kim; 전현진 ...
Fashion & textile research journal,
10/2023, Letnik:
25, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
This study aimed to investigate the influence of career barriers on employment decisions among high school students specializing in beauty-related field. The subjects of this study were 339 students ...attending beauty-specialized high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollabuk-do, and a self-written questionnaire was employed for conducting the research. This survey was conducted from April 4 to April 18, 2022. A total of 380 questionnaires were distributed, and 350 responses were collected. Of these, 339 questionnaires were considered for the final analysis, as the remaining 11 had incomplete or insincere responses. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the career barriers affecting high school students in beauty-specialized schools were categorized into eight factors: lack of interest, economic difficulties, financial support, interpersonal challenges, job information, anxiety about future, conflict with others, and lack of self-clarity. Second, when assessing the impact of career barriers on employment decision-making, it was observed that the level of employment decision-making had a statistically positive (+) effect, and the lack of interest had a negative (-) effect on the level of employment decision-making. Next, the significance of the regression model, considering the specific factors of career barriers in relation to employment confidence, was established as p<.001. Variables such as a lack of interest, limited access to job information, and lack of self-clarity had a negative (-) effect on the level of employment confidence, with a significance level of 0.05.
Outsourcing has become the focus of increasingly intense debates over the US economy and was a divisive issue during the 2004 Presidential campaign. The downside to outsourcing includes the perceived ...loss of American jobs while firms and stockholders profit. While outsourcing of white-collar jobs continues to be the focus of media attention, global production shifts have impacted workers in manufacturing more than any other sector. In agricultural manufacturing, which includes textiles and apparel, firms have shut down operations in the US over the past thirty years, displacing workers. The objective of this research is to provide an overview of outsourcing and to examine the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) as an instrument for outsourcing. Additionally, this research seeks to assess the impact of vertical FDI on the US manufacturing sector, including agricultural manufacturing, and on US employment. Four issues are considered while evaluating the impact of outsourcing on the US: 1. overall economic welfare, 2. level of employment, 3. quality of jobs, and 4. job dislocation.
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