Penambahan adjuvan pada levobupivakain dapat memperkuat dan memperpanjang efek analgesia pada blok saraf tepi. Klonidin memiliki aksi yang sinergis dengan agen lokal anestesi. Tujuan penelitian ini ...adalah mengetahui efektivitas penambahan klonidin 1 mcg/kgBB dan 2 mcg/kgBB pada scalp block sebagai analgetik kraniotomi. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 pasien yang menjalani kraniotomi di RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta selama periode bulan Mei–Agustus 2020 Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah uji klinis tersamar acak ganda dengan analisis statistik menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA atau Kruskal Wallis. Subjek dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, kelompok I: scalp block dengan levobupivakain 0,25%, kelompok II: scalp block ditambah klonidin 1 mcg/kgBB, kelompok III: scalp block ditambah klonidin 2 mcg/kgBB. Penilaian terhadap tekanan darah, MAP, laju nadi dilakukan sebelum intubasi, pemasangan pin, insisi kulit, dan insisi duramater. Hasil penlitian didapatkan perbedaan signifikan penambahan klonidin pada levobupivakain 0,25% dengan kelompok kontrol terutama pada laju nadi dan diastole. Klonidin 2 mcg/kgBB pada beberapa waktu menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dibanding dengan penambahan dosis klonidin 1 mcg/kgBB. Simpulan, penambahan klonidin pada scalp block levobupivakain efektif menurunkan respons hemodinamik terutama laju nadi dan tekanan darah diastole
Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Blok scalp levobupivakain efektif dalam menurunkan respon hemodinamik seperti tekanan darah, tekanan arteri rata-rata (mean arterial pressure/MAP) dan laju nadi terutama ...pada waktu pemasangan pin, insisi kulit, dan insisi durameter pasien kraniotomi. Adjuvan sering ditambahkan pada anestesi lokal untuk memperkuat dan memperpanjang efek analgesia pada blok saraf tepi. Klonidin memiliki aksi yang sinergis dengan agen lokal anestesi. Dosis yang umum adalah 2 mcg/kgbb. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas penambahan klonidin 1 mcg/kg dan 2 mcg/kg pada blok scalp sebagai analgetik kraniotomi. Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian pada 30 pasien memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Subyek dibagi tiga kelompok, kelompok I: blok scalp dengan levobupivacain 0,25%, kelompok II: blok scalp ditambah klonidin 1 mcg/kg, dan kelompok III: blok scalp ditambah klonidin 2 mcg/kg. Semua pasien mendapatkan perlakuan anestesi umum sesuai standar kemudian dilakukan penilaian tekanan darah, MAP, laju nadi pada sebelum intubasi, pemasangan pin, insisi kulit dan insisi duramater. Hasil: Ada perbedaan signifikan penambahan klonidin dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol terutama pada laju nadi dan diastolik kraniotomi. Klonidin 2 mcg/kgbb pada beberapa waktu menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dibandingkan dosis klonidin 1 mcg/kgbb. Simpulan: Penambahan klonidin pada blok scalp levobupivakain efektif dalam menjaga respon hemodinamik terutama laju nadi dan tekanan darah diastolik. Differences in Hemodynamic Response to 1 and 2 mcg/kgbw Clonidine Addition to Scalp Block Abstract Bacground and Objective: The addition of a levobupivacaine scalp block is effective in reducing hemodynamic responses such as blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate, especially when pinning, skin incisions, and durameter incisions in craniotomy. Adjuvants are often added to local anesthetics to enhance and prolong the analgesic effect of peripheral nerve blocks. Clonidine has a synergistic action with local anesthetic agents. Clonidine increases sensory and motor blocks in both peripheral and neuraxial blocks. The common dose is 2 mcg/kgbw. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of adding clonidine 2 mcg/kg and 1 mcg/kg on scalp block as craniotomy analgesic. Subjects and Methods: Study on 30 patients met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were divided into three groups, group I: scalp block with levobupivacain 0.25%, group II: scalp block plus clonidine 1 mcg/kg, group III: scalp block plus clonidine 2mcg/kg. All patients were treated with general anesthesia according to the standard then assessed their blood pressure, MAP, pulse rate before intubation, pinning, skin incision and duramater incision. Results: There was a significant difference in the addition of clonidine with the control group, especially in the pulse and diastolic rates. Clonidine 2 mcg/kg at several times showed a significant difference compared to 1 mcg/kgbb dose. Conclusion: The clonidine addition to scalp block of levobupivacaine was effective in maintening hemodynamic responses, especially pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure.
Penelitian tentang penggunaan blok pleksus servikalis superfisialis sebagai analgetik pascaoperasi mastoidektomi masih sangat terbatas baik di Indonesia maupun luar negeri. Tujuan penelitian ...mengetahui efektivitas blok pleksus servikalis superfisialis sebagai analgetik pascaoperasi mastoidektomi. Penelitian ini berdisain uji klinik acak tersamar tunggal pada 30 pasien yang dilakukan operasi mastoidektomi dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi di Rumah Sakit Dr. Moewardi Surakarta periode Oktober 2017–Februari 2018. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu kelompok fentanil intravena, blok pleksus cervicalis superfisialis dengan levobupivakain, dan blok pleksus cervicalis superfisialis dengan salin. Semua pasien mendapatkan perlakuan anestesi umum sesuai standar dan dinilai skala nyeri berkala pascaoperasi. Selain itu, juga dinilai efek mual-muntah pascaoperasi, kebutuhan opioid selama operasi, dan efek samping tindakan blok. Skala nyeri pascaoperasi mulai jam ke-2 sampai ke-24 pada kelompok fentanil intravena (nyeri ringan 80–90%) dan levobupivakain (nyeri ringan 90–100%) lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok salin (nyeri ringan 10–50%; nyeri sedang 50–70%) (p<0,05). Pada kelompok salin bahkan terjadi nyeri berat sebanyak 40% pada jam ke-2. Skor PONV pada kelompok fentanil, levobupivakain, dan salin mayoritas mual ringan (60%; 40%; dan 50%). Tidak ada komplikasi yan g terjadi terkait blok pleksus servikalis superfisialis. Simpulan, tidak ada perbedaan skala nyeri yang bermakna antara blok pleksus servikalis superfisialis levobupivakain dan fentanil intravena pascaoperasi mastoidektomi. Kata kunci: Blok pleksus servikalis superfisialis, fentanil, levobupivakain, mastoidektomi
Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Peningkatan respon hemodinamik yang disebabkan oleh nyeri dapat menyebabkan peningkatan aliran darah otak dan tekanan intrakranial. Blok scalp pada kraniotomi menumpulkan ...respon hemodinamik karena rangsangan nyeri serta mengurangi penambahan analgesi lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas blok scalp sebagai analgetik pada kraniotomi.Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan uji klinik acak tersamar ganda pada 36 pasien dengan status fisik ASA 1–3 dilakukan operasi kraniotomi eksisi dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel dibagi menjadi kelompok I (dengan blok scalp) dan kelompok II (tanpa blok scalp). Blok dilakukan sesaat setelah induksi anestesi. Digunakan levobupivakain 0,375% sebanyak 3 ml tiap insersi, pada masing-masing saraf. Tekanan darah, tekanan arteri rata-rata, detak jantung sebelum intubasi dan setelah intubasi, pemasangan pin, insisi kulit dan insisi duramater serta total kebutuhan fentanyl tambahan dicatat. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan program komputer SPSS versi 17 lalu diuji menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis atau One-way ANOVA. Batas kemaknaan yang diambil adalah p < 0,05.Hasil: Selama kraniotomi, detak jantung, tekanan darah, tekanan arteri rata-rata secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pasien tanpa blok scalp terutama pada saat pemasangan pin. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan, penambahan fentanyl pada pasien dengan blok scalp lebih sedikit dibandingkan tanpa blok scalp, p=0,000 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Blok scalp levobupivakain efektif dalam menurunkan respon hemodinamik terutama pada saat pemasangan pin. Pasien kraniotomi dengan blok scalp membutuhkan penambahan fentanyl lebih sedikit. Differences on Hemodynamic Response with Levobupivacaine Scalp Block in Craniotomy SurgeryAbstractBackground and Objective: Increased hemodynamic response caused by pain can lead to increased cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. Scalp block in craniotomy blunts hemodynamic response due to pain and reduce other analgesics addition. This study aims to determine effectiveness of scalp blocks as analgesic in craniotomy.Subject and Method: This study used a double-blind randomized clinical trial in 36 patients with physical status ASA 1-3 who underwent craniotomy and met inclusion criteria. Samples were divided into group I (with scalp block) and group II (without scalp block). Scalp Block was performed right after anesthesia induction. Using levobupivacaine 0.375% 3 ml for each insertion. Blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate before and after intubation, during pin placement, skin incision and duramater incision and total need for additional fentanyl were recorded. SPSS version 17 was used and data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis or One-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05.Result: During craniotomy, heart rate, blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in patients without scalp block especially during pin placement. Statistical test showed significant difference, additional fentanyl in patients with scalp blocks was lesser, p = 0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: Levobupivacaine scalp block was effective to blunt hemodynamic response especially during pin placement. Scalp block also decreased additional fentanyl in craniotomy.
Pretilost je često povezana s komorbiditetnim stanjima (opstruktivna apneja u snu, hipertenzija, šećerna bolest tipa 2…). Anestezija temeljena na opioidima povećava rizik od kritičnih respiracijskih ...događaja tijekom oporavka od kirurškog zahvata, pogoršava učestalost i težinu postoperativne mučnine i povraćanja te dovodi do hiperalgezije. Zbog navedenog cilj je izbjeći ili značajno smanjiti primjenu opioida kod kirurškog zahvata na morbidno pretilim bolesnicima. Ovo daje prednost kombinaciji opće i regionalne anestezije. Prikazana su dva slučaja uzdužne resekcije želuca kod morbidno pretilih bolesnika uz anesteziju bez primjene opioida. Primijenjen je obostrani torakalni paravertebralni blok s levobupivakainom i deksametazonom postavljen uz pomoć ultrazvuka na razini Th 4 i Th 7. U operacijskoj dvorani napravljena je indukcija propofolom i esmeronom, a anestezija je održavana istim lijekovima. Na početku operacije pacijentima je za analgeziju dan metamizolnatrij hidrat, a na kraju operacije paracetamol. Ekstubirani su u jedinici za prijeanestezijski i postanestezijski nadzor. Nakon buđenja pacijenti su bili bez bolova, bez mučnine, imali su osjećaj zatezanja šavova i drena kod pomicanja. Na odjelu su dobili nesteroidni antireumatik, a tegobe koje su imali nisu bile posljedica kirurgije niti anestezije. Tijekom razdoblja praćenja (do kirurške kontrole nakon četiri tjedna) pacijenti nisu osjećali bolove vezano uz operaciju. Provedena je anestezija bez opioida, postignuta je odgovarajuća kontrola boli uz brzi oporavak aktivnosti crijeva i ranu mobilnost pacijenata.
Amaç: Elektif sezaryen operasyonlarında, spinal anestezide intratekal morfin eklenen ve eklenmeyen farklı levobupivakain dozlarının, randomize, çift kör olarak karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.
Gereç ve ...Yöntem: Bu çalışma, ASA I-II grubu 37-42 haftalık miadında sezaryen operasyonu için spinal anestezi uygulanan 60 gebe kadında prospektif, randomize, çift-kör olarak planlandı. Hastalar randomize edilerek iki gruba ayrıldı. Grup L’ye 12,5 mg (3 ml) levobupivakain, Grup LM’ye ise 10 mg levobupivakain + 0.1 mg morfin (3 ml) intratekal uygulandı. Sensoryal ve motor blok süresi, postoperatif ilk 24 saatteki VAS ağrı skoru, ilk analjezi ihtiyacı süresi, hemodinamik ve solunumsal parametreler, sedasyon düzeyleri, Apgar skorları, hasta memnuniyeti ve komplikasyonlar kaydedildi.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasında motor blok başlama ve sonlanma süresi, sensoryal bloğun başlama ve iki segment gerileme süresi ile hasta memnuniyeti açısından istatistiksel anlamlı fark yoktu. Grup L’de ilk analjezik ihtiyacı, Grup LM’ye göre daha erken ortaya çıktı (sırası ile; 158.6 ± 31.8 dakika, 176.6 ± 37.16 dakika). Sonuç: Levobupivakain dozunun azaltılmasına rağmen levobupivakaine düşük doz morfin eklenmesi ile, yan etki ve komplikasyon sıklığında belirgin artış olmadan benzer anestezi ve analjezi düzeylerine ulaşıldığı, ayrıca daha uzun süreli spinal analjezi sağlandığı sonucuna varıldı.
In our study we evaluated the postoperative analgesic consumption and analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane (USG-TAP) block in patients undergoing caesarean section ...(CS). Seventy ASA I-II patients undergoing CS following spinal anaesthesia were included in our study. The patients were divided into two groups randomly: Group T (TAP Block group) (n:35) and Group C (Control group) (n:35). At the end of the surgery. Group T patients received USG-TAP block using 20 ml of 0.25% levobubivacaine. All participants received standart analgesic regime of tramadol via intravenous patient controlled analgesia (IV-PCA). Patients were assessed at 1, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after TAP block for hemodynamic parameters, verbal numerical rating pain scores (VNRS) (pain at rest and coughing), total amount of IV-PCA tramadol demand and consumption, time to first rescue analgesia, total amount of rescue analgesic demands, sedation, nausea, vomitting and satisfaction by a blinded investigator. The VRNS scores both at rest and coughing were found significantly lower in TAP block group with levobupivacaine compared to control group at all check points. Total amount of IV-PCA tramadol demand and consumption, number of rescue analgesic demands and consumption were significantly lower in TAP block group. Time to first rescue analgesia was longer in TAP group. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in TAP group. In our study USG-TAP block provided effective postoperative analgesia and we consider this technique as a safe and effective method for postoperative pain control after caesarean delivery.
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