This history of the Lipan Apaches, from archeological evidence to the present, tells the story of some of the least known, least understood people in the Southwest. These plains buffalo hunters and ...traders were one of the first groups to acquire horses, and with this advantage they expanded from the Panhandle across Texas and into Coahuila, coming into conflict with the Comanches. With a knack for making friends and forging alliances, they survived against all odds, and were still free long after their worst enemies were corralled on reservations. In the most thorough account yet published, Sherry Robinson tracks the Lipans from their earliest interactions with Spaniards and kindred Apache groups through later alliances and to their love-hate relationships with Mexicans, Texas colonists, Texas Rangers, and the U.S. Army. For the first time we hear of the Eastern Apache confederacy of allied but autonomous groups that joined for war, defense, and trade. Among their confederates, and led by chiefs with a diplomatic bent, Lipans drew closer to the Spanish, Mexicans, and Texans. By the 1880s, with their numbers dwindling and ground lost to Mexican campaigns and Mackenzie’s raids, the Lipans roamed with Mescalero Apaches, some with Victorio. Many remained in Mexico, some stole back into Texas, and others melted into reservations where they had relatives. They never surrendered.
Turning Adversity to Advantage is the story of the Lipan Apaches, who are now one of the forgotten Indian tribes of Texas and northern Mexico, yet they were once one of the largest and most ...aggressive tribes of the Rio Grande region. They were as much a part of the landscape as mesquite trees or cactus and proved just as deadly to their enemies as the rattlesnakes coiled among the rocks. Modern borderland residents are left with only a few vague rumors of their past presence and even scholars fail to credit the tribe's impact on the history of the region. The historical record is replete with examples of what the Lipans did; now it is time to discover the why. The story of the history of the Lipan Apaches is a tale of survival and preservation in the face of incredible challenges. Time and again, the Lipan Apaches were able to overcome obstacles and turn them to the tribe's advantage.
Sergei L'vovich Sobolev is the eminent mathematician whose work had a substantial influence on the development of twentieth century mathematics. Sobolev made fundamental contributions to the theory ...of partial differential equations, functional analysis, function theory, mathematical physics, and computational mathematics.Less well known is the fact that Sergei Sobolev was the founder of Computer Science in the USSR/Russia. He took active participation in the development of the architecture of the first Soviet computer M1 and in developing the first computer program in the USSR for "atomic project". Really in fact he was the first professional programmers in Russia. Thanks to him, theoretical and practical programming became scientific disciplines.
Během dlouhého panoramatu kamera ukazuje významné budovy Českého Brodu, včetně stavby zdejšího budoucího muzea. V jednotlivých záběrech nám pak přibližuje obecnou a rolnickou školu, gymnázium, ze ...kterého vycházejí studenti posledního ročníku, dále nemocnici a místní chudobinec. Z průmyslových podniků je pozornost krátce věnována továrně na hospodářské stroje, parnímu mlýnu, cihlařským závodům, cukrovaru a Městskému pivovaru. Zaměstnanci firmy Josef Jánský - hospodářské stroje nakládají do vagónů žací stroje. Záběry pomníku Prokopa Holého a pomníku Husův kámen potvrzují význam husitského hnutí pro historii tohoto kraje. Závěr filmu tvoří delší pasáž věnovaná sokolským vzpomínkovým slavnostem souvisejícím s bitvou u Lipan.- Na náměstí v Českém Brodě se za doprovodu kapely formuje slavnostní průvod, který dále směřuje k mohyle nedaleko vesnice Lipany. Ke zde shromážděným občanům, především členům Sokola, promlouvají starosta Josef Mikšovský a středoškolský inspektor František Pátek.
At the beginning the film camera is showing the significant buildings of the town of Český Brod, including the building of the local future museum. Individual shots are presenting the elementary and agriculture schools, the grammar school building and last grade students leaving it, and then we can see the local hospital and the almshouse. As for the industrial plants, the film briefly presents the local agriculture machinery factory, the steam mill, the brickworks, the sugar factory and the Municipal Brewery. Employees of the Company Josef Jánský - Agricultural Machinery are loading reapers on railway wagons. Then we can see the Memorial of Prokop Holý, and the memorial called the Hus's Stone, which prove the importance of the Hussite movement for the history of this region. The end of the film brings a longer passage dedicated to Sokol commemorating festivals related to the battle of Lipany. We can see a ceremony parade starting on the square in Český Brod; from there the parade, under the accompaniment of a marching band, is moving to the Monument located nearby the town of Lipany. There the Mayor of the Town Josef Mikšovský and a secondary school inspector František Pátek are addressing the gathered citizens, mainly Sokol members.
This chapter focuses on the report presented to General Manuel Mier y Teran by prominent Bexareno Francisco Ruiz regarding the Indians living in the Department of Texas in 1828. Ruiz's observations ...carried the weight of a native of the region and an individual involved in indigenous relations as an agent and soldier. His notes distinguished between dozens of indigenous groups with an eye toward the possibilities of peace and alliance or war. Of the Lipan Apache, Ruiz wrote, “In my opinion, the southern Lipans are the most cruel of all the barbaric nations I know. . . . I have been told by some of these Indians that they sometimes eat those they kill in war.” By describing them as cannibals, Ruiz depicted Apaches as cruel and barbaric. His words also enlarged the cultural gulf between Apaches and Mexicans by marking the Apaches as dishonorable in warfare and, by extension, unmasculine.
Prologue Ramos, Raúl A
Beyond the Alamo,
05/2008
Book Chapter
This chapter describes how most nineteenth-century travelers approached Bexar with a sense of relief and wonder. The relief came from arriving at a town safely after days of traversing the brush ...country, exposed to the possibility of attack from one of a variety of indigenous groups controlling the area, such as the Comanche or Lipan Apache. Indeed, immediately upon arrival, most Mexican travelers attended mass at San Fernando Cathedral. Writing in the eighteenth century, Juan Agustin de Morfi noted, “We went to the parish church to genuflect, to give thanks to Our Holy Father for the joy of our arrival.” The sense of wonder came from noting Bexar's relatively lush oasis in comparison to the harsh desert of northern New Spain.
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