The article describes the diplomatic mission to Poland of the Israeli represent tive Katriel Katz in 1956–1958. Special attention is given to the results of the political activity of this diplomat in ...Warsaw, in particular to the issue concerning the aliyah of Polish Jews to Israel in this period. A very important part of the article focuses on the case of Yaakov Barmore, who was regarded by Polish authorities as persona non grata and was expelled from Poland in 1958.
The article discusses the organization and activity of the rural health service in the mid-1960s in the light of the reports of the Supreme Audit Office. It is an attempt to answer the questions ...about the organization and availability of open healthcare in the field, whether the provincial community benefited from professional medical assistance to the same extent as the urban one? What were the problems of the then rural health service?
This study sought to analyse how ethnicity contributes towards youth political participation in Zimbabwe. This study examines how Gukurahundi incident between the Ndebele and Shona ethnic groups ...affect youth political participation in Matabeleland region. The researcher made use of constructivist theory that contends ethnic conflict is the product of a social construct built on one group's experiences, understanding, and attitudes as they perceive another. The study employed semi-structured interviews and secondary sources to collect data. Qualitative data was analysed using textual analysis. The research findings presented that forgiveness is the last resort to make peace regarding the Gukurahundi incident. The social relations between the Shona and Ndebele ethnic groups is largely hostile as the young people are angry as they carry Gukurahundi stories from which their parents or elders are traumatised. The research findings also indicated that financial constraints in the country limit reconciliation as the relatives of the victims of the Gukurahundi demand for compensation. The study revealed that the Shona and Ndebele ethnic conflict can threaten Zimbabwe internal peace stability as long as perpetrators of Gukurahundi incident fail to apologies and offer compensation to the relatives of the victims.
The article outlines the development of a new network assembled by the chair of urban planning at the Lviv Polytechnic institute after the collapse of the USSR. It focuses on the actions of ...individual people who contributed to institutional changes and used various resources to create and maintain a set of connections.The tradition of urban planning education in Lviv begins with a Chair of Urban Planning created in 1913 at Lviv Polytechnic. However, after WWII and the incorporation of the city into the Soviet state, Lviv Polytechnic went through radical changes. Urban planning was restored as an architectural sub-specialization only in 1966, while a separate department of architecture was organized only in 1971.After perestroika and the disintegration of the Soviet Union (1985‒1991), the Chair of Urban Planning relatively quickly reoriented its activities from Moscow’s to Kraków’s, Wrocław’s, Vienna’s or Berlin’s perspective. This was primarily due to personal contacts, which step by step became institutionalized, and due to the “imaginary continuity” between contemporary urban planners and the pre-war Lviv architectural school.Professors who left the city right after WWII gained symbolic importance and helped to establish a common ground between the milieu of Lviv Polytechnic and Polish technical schools in the 1990s. During the time of social and political changes, looking into the past became a quite successful strategy, which helped the institution to gain symbolic capital and survive. The history of Lviv Polytechnic, stripped from all potential conflicts and sharp divisions, helped to build new connections after the old ones no longer provided stable positions. Knowing foreign languages became one of the basic means or resources that people needed to feel connected and to participate in scientific exchanges.The sources of the article include oral history interviews with academics in the field of architecture, memoirs, and other published materials related to the history of the Chair of Urban Planning at Lviv Polytechnic.
The article presents the case study of the Soviet Army monuments in Bulgaria as a source of irreconcilable social division. A brief overview of the history of these monu ments and the discussions on ...the possibility of their dismantling allow to conclude that (1) in the third decade of the 21st century the monuments’ function as lieux de mémoire remains impossible due to their divisive nature; (2) the arguments for and against the monuments expressed in the 1990s remain unchanged; (3) the concentration of public attention on the Sofia memorial leads to the neglection of other similar monuments in the country; (4) The Law on Declaring the Criminal Nature of the Communist Regime in Bulgaria (2000) and other state acts do not affect the existence of these monuments, but only reinforce the ambivalent signals that the southern European state sends to its international partners. The author’s final conclusion is that the monuments of the Soviet Army today are not so much an incentive to comprehend collective traumas, but an impetus for analysing Bulgarian Russophilia.
M. Kemal Ataturk ultimately managed all the works in the young republic to raise a modern state grounded on the principle of populism. In this newly established state, spreading the idea of a ...“republic” was considered key to success. Considering that the majority of the citizens dwelled in villages at those times, it was expected to develop the village in every aspect. Ataturk enacted numerous laws to promote the development of the villages and exerted great efforts for people, particularly villagers, to adopt the innovations. In this regard, Ataturk led the opening of People’s Houses (Community Centers) in 1932 to initiate significant cultural development throughout the country. He also closely followed the activities of these centers, which became widespread in many parts of Turkey in a short time, supported their activities, and insisted on implementing the activities within a specific program. In particular, he wished the Peasantry Branches of People’s Houses to carry out activities actively in the villages. Antalya People’s Houses, opened in 1932, also carried out activities aiming to develop villages in Antalya within this policy through its Peasantry Branch. This branch mainly chose some villages and attempted to implement its program in these villages in the scope of “model village” practice. The branch prepared a model village program for Solak village, among the sample villages, and carried out the designated activities in the village within this program. The present study discussed the practices implemented in Solak village by the Peasantry Branch of Antalya People’s House in the framework of Ataturk’s populism policy and attempted to reveal the projections and recognition of the practices carried out at those times in the present of Solak village.
Katarzyna Szkaradnik’s article is devoted to the archival work of Józef Pilch, a well-known Silesian bibliophile, diarist, biographer and cultural activist from Ustroń, who, above all, was also an ...amateur historian researching and popularizing the history of Cieszyn Silesia. Drawing on the typology of Uriel Orlow – who divided artists interested in real and metaphorical archives into archive users, archive makers and archive thinkers – Szkaradnik examines Pilch’s activity as a user, creator, and critic of the archive. A self-taught peasant, Pilch not only used materials collected in archives and scientific libraries to shape the historical awareness of the local community with his studies, but also created his own archives. This is how we can interpret the fact that he collected (with a view to creating a dictionary) his collection of expressions of the local dialect, a rich library containing many unique publications and documents, as well as his diary and correspondence preserved in his home archive. Moreover, Pilch reflected critically on the archive as an instrument of power, as evidenced by his publications on the PPS-WRN (Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence) and the history of the Jewish population in Ustroń.
