Satoyama landscape had been managed by traditional human-nature relationship among residents and farmers within the community. However, due to the aging and outflow of population, it is becoming ...impossible to solve problem and manage natural environment only by the members of the local community. I discussed the method of managing natural environment and the solution of regional environmental problems. 1) studies in order to solve social problems within the local community. 2) how we solve the task in conjunction with urban residents. 3) study of work procedures and examination for conservation of natural environment.
São Gabriel da Cachoeira est la ville principale de la région du haut Rio Negro, située à l’extrême Nord-Ouest du Brésil. Seule agglomération de poids dans le haut bassin de ce fleuve, zone de très ...faible densité démographique, elle est la « métropole » de référence d’une immense région de plus de 200 000 km² malgré sa taille de guère plus 13 000 habitants. Le présent article examine le système régional du cours supérieur du Rio Negro, très singulier dans le « modèle » brésilien, et la place de São Gabriel, qui y tient le rôle de capitale régionale.Sa fondation, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, est tardive, remontant à plus d’un siècle après les premières incursions portugaises dans le Haut Rio Negro. Presque totalement inactive pendant le siècle suivant, elle ne voit son développement commencer réellement qu’avec l’arrivée des missionnaires salésiens au début du XXe siècle. Centre de leur effort missionnaire, la ville devient peu à peu la référence de l’ensemble de la région de la « tête de chien », appellation utilisée au Brésil pour désigner le Nord-Ouest de l’Amazonie en raison du dessin configuré par ses frontières. Plus tard, le pouvoir central brésilien, préoccupé de la vacuité de ses frontières, reprendra établira un système similaire à celui des salésiens, fondé sur des postes avancés le long des grands fleuves et sur un point d’appui principal à São Gabriel, devenue au fil des années ville de garnison. Seul point d’entrée possible pour tout le bassin du cours supérieur du Rio Negro, la ville est également le point de passage obligé de tout le commerce de la région.Mais São Gabriel est aussi la seule enclave dans une province entièrement peuplée de populations d’origine amérindienne et aujourd’hui classée pour la plus grande partie de sa surface sous le statut protecteur de Terre Indigène. A ce titre, elle est devenu le centre à partir duquel quelques ONGs de grande taille, recevant des financements brésiliens et internationaux, mettent en oeuvre des programmes économiques et sociaux alternatifs. La dynamique actuelle de la ville est celle d’une croissance rapide, bien que mesurée si l’on prend en compte la faiblesse des effectifs humains et des surfaces impliquée. Surtout, São Gabriel semble croître sans promouvoir autour d’elle de déforestation et les populations qui s’y installent conservent des liens avec leurs régions d’origine. Elle demeure donc authentiquement une ville de la forêt autant qu’elle est une ville dans la forêt.
Cosmopolitan Chrysophytes Kristiansen, Jørgen
Systematics and Geography of Plants,
01/2000, Letnik:
70, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
With the routine use of electron microscopy it has now become possible to obtain a detailed knowledge of the global distribution of silica-scaled chrysophytes. After the original opinion that they ...were restricted to cool temperate and subarctic environments has been abandoned, it is now clear that as a group they occur in all climates. Of the altogether 250 taxa, 19 taxa are definitely cosmopolitan, and further 34 taxa are widely distibuted. In addition, many more very small and insufficiently known species might belong in these groups. Others have specific distributions depending on suitable environment and on dispersal possibilities. The importance of investigation intensity and of available specialists for reaching correct conclusions is emphasized. Correct identifications are indeed necessary, but the species concept is inconsistent and purely morphological, and the use of molecular techniques in chrysophyte taxonomy and biogeography is only in its beginning.
Research to date has established that there is a relationship between high mortality rates and area deprivation in Britain. However, the majority of this research has looked at the regional level and ...the few studies that have looked at a smaller area level have tended to focus on London or the North. At a national level a relationship between housing tenure and mortality has also been found. This paper considers the relationship between mortality and place and in particular housing, at ward level in a city in the South East of England. It is found that, in Oxford, there is no straightforward relationship between housing tenure and mortality rates. Rather, it is pockets of poverty within Oxford, expressed in different types of housing, that are associated with high mortality rates. Whilst the very poorest live in the worst quality and least preferred housing, the extent of this relationship is likely to differ in different areas, according to the historical and current patterns of housing provision. A method of identifying such areas nationally is needed, as a reliance on national studies, particular those on tenure, is likely to obscure the true picture and extent of geographical inequalities in health.
The Corporation of London Library and Art Gallery Electronic (COLLAGE) identified the relative inaccessibility of their extensive visual collections - the prints, maps, photographs and ephemera held ...by Guildhall Library and the 4,000 plus works of art held by the Guildhall Art Gallery - as a challenge. Direct consultation with staff and existing users suggested that digitisation could enrich the catalogue and ensure wider access to the resources while ensuring the preservation of the originals for future generations. The public user interface is already online and, as resource discovery is the primary driver for the project, a direct link between COLLAGE and the library OPAC is planned to allow users to search "traditional" resources seamlessly alongside the images.
This paper reports an on-going study in the UK regarding the contribution of geography teaching to pupils' environmental education when studying local issues. The study investigates three areas: (1) ...geography teachers' conceptualisation of environmental education; (2) how environmental education provision is affected by the disposition of schools and the practices found within them; and (3) the dynamics of improving the contribution of geography teaching to pupils' environmental education when pupils study local issues. The paper discusses methodological considerations and issues for such research at length, emphasising the importance of choosing appropriate methodologies and thoughtfully constructing research designs.
“Environmental education” has been internationally recognized in the past as interdisciplinary education in sustainability. However, such education might be Education for Sustainable Development ...(ESD). ESD focuses on more decision-making and participation for social change than change of mind which environmental education has been focusing on. Moreover, ESD does not treat only environmental problems and it includes environmental education and development education, etc. Therefore, the concept of ESD still has variety. However,“sustainable society” or “ sustainable community” might be important in ESD.
On the other hand, environmental education has been also discussing the link between community development and education such as kougai education which the residents took the initiative in solving problems.
Globalization after the 1990s has enabled several cross-border exchanges of capital, technology, talent, culture, etc. As a result, local identity and variety is losing its place in society. However, with the increase in number of unsustainable societies, a movement to review local resources and wisdom has been initiated.
This study examines “local knowledge” in the activities of farmers belonging to the In-Paeng Network, an independent and autonomous unit in northeastern Thailand. Their activities are based on agricultural knowledge gained from daily practice, traditions learned from elders and friends, and personal experiences.
In Bua, a poor village in northeastern Thailand, knowledge learned through experience includes discoveries made in everyday life, traditional cultural values, and agricultural practice. In addition, children are raised to love their homeland. They are taught the value of local flora and fauna, and other ancestral wisdom as passed down by elders. The practice of raising children to love their homeland was initiated to protect the local values, and inculcate them in the next generation children, thereby keeping village traditions alive. The understanding of values also makes children independent, brings the community together, and consequently enables community development.
PDF
