•N and S doped hard carbon anode (NS-MPC) derived from mango-peels biowastes for Na ion batteries is firstly demonstrated.•In-situ monitoring surface functional of mango-peel wastages via FT-IR ...analysis.•Heteroatoms doped-hard carbon anode exhibits superior electrochemical performance than un-doped sample.•The NS-MPC anode delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 400 mAh/g at 100 mA/g for 2500 cycles.
Electrochemical energy storage devices, namely batteries are vital role to cut greenhouse gas secretions and reliable alternative of fossil fuel-used various electrical energy storage systems. Thus, the hard carbon is one of the promising cheapest sustainable material for energy storage sectors. In this study, we assemble the sodium-ion cell via renewable biomass-waste resource of mango-peels derived hard carbon (MPC) used as an anode electrode for Na-ion storage for the first-time. Furthermore, the hard carbon is modified with N, and S (NS-MPC) through a facile carbonization route. The structural, functional, morphological and chemical characteristics are systematically studied in details through spectroscopic techniques. The NS-MPC electrode consisted sodium-ion storage delivers a reversible discharge capacity of 400 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g and exposed a reversible capacity of 155 mAh/g over 2500 cycles at 2 A/g. The Na-ion charge storage behavior reveals through the different rate controlled cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis, which result exposed increasing contribution percentage of surface-controlled capacity with increment of current rates. Overall, this work signifies to protecting the environment by employed the bio-wastage to wealth applications, especially cost-effective fabrication of batteries for future pioneering grid energy storage applications.
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Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel, an abundant residue of the food industry and kitchen waste, was used as an alternative source of activated carbon. In this work, mango peels activated carbon (MPAC) ...was prepared by chemical activation with H2SO4. The physical properties of the MPAC were evaluated through the bulk density, ash content, moisture content, and iodine number. The surface characterization of MPAC was achieved using fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the point of zero charge (pHPZC) method. Batch experiments were carried out for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto MPAC surface. The operating variables studied were adsorbent dose, initial solution pH, initial dye concentration and contact time, and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms were used to analyze the equilibrium data at 303 K. The kinetic uptake profiles are well described by the pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir model describes the adsorption behaviour at equilibrium. The maximum adsorption capacity of MPAC with methylene blue was 277.8 mg g–1. Various thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (∆Ho), standard entropy (∆So) and standard free energy (∆Go) showed that the adsorption of MB onto MPAC was favourable and endothermic in nature. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of using mango peels waste as cheap and efficient raw materials to produce activated carbon for MB removal.
Mango peel is regarded as a natural source of valuable aromatic compounds. However, in order to promote its valorization, stabilization processes must be carried out due to the significant water ...activity of this by-product. A comprehensive study on the mango peel volatile composition effects of different dehydration methods was carried out: two oven drying treatments at 45 °C during 18 h and at 60 °C for 12 h as well as a freeze-drying treatment. Results showed that both lyophilisation and oven drying at 60 °C lead to substantial losses of representative aromatic compounds such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as well as the generation of undesirable ones such as furans when high temperature was applied. Oven drying mango peels at 45 °C for 18 h was revealed as the best choice to preserve the chemical composition of fresh samples. The application of these conditions diminished the losses of valuable volatile compounds such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes meanwhile could increase the quantities of appreciated compounds such as C13-norisoprenoids. This study provides useful information to carry out the recovery and exploitation of mango peel by-products as natural source of valuable flavouring compounds by food and cosmetic industries.
•Mango peel is an natural source of odour-active compounds.•Due to its high moisture, mango peel should be stabilised for its revalorization.•Drying methods should be optimized to avoid losses of volatile compounds.•Oven drying at 45 °C for 18 h preserved better the chemical profile of mango peel.
Pectinases are the group of enzymes that degrade pectin. This study was conducted with the aim of isolation of efficient pectinase producing pectinolytic fungi from the decomposing mango peels using ...extracted mango peels pectin as a growth substrate under submerged fermentation, determining optimum pectinase production conditions with regards to some physicochemical parameters. The organisms were screened for the production of pectinase using Pectin agar media, and the two active pectinolytic fungi (P1 and P2) were isolated. pectinase production media was later used for the Lab scale production of pectinase by inoculating p1 and p2 and incubating for 7 days. The enzyme was extracted after seven days of fermentation and every day tested for their pectinolytic activity. P2 showed relatively higher pectinolytic activity and was therefore used for further studies. P2 was inoculated into a broth containing mango pectin under submerged fermentation. Results indicate that a pectin yield of mango peel 17.75%. Different parameters optimization processes were investigated on submerged fermentation namely pH, incubation period, temperature and substrate concentration optima were found 6, 4 days, 35oC and 1.5% respectively. The result suggests that mango peels have high pectin content and can be used for the value-added synthesis of pectinase.
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•Pectin and anthocyanins were sequentially extracted from mango peels.•Residue remaining after anthocyanin extraction from mango peels was rich in pectin.•Optimized sequential ...extraction process yielded functional pectin and anthocyanins.•Pectin of higher purity was extracted after removal of anthocyanins.•Ethanol and acetic acid concentrations significantly affected pectin properties.
Multi-objective sequential fractionation of mango (Mangifera indica L.) peels for pectin and anthocyanins in a biorefinery, was investigated with the aims of enhancing pectin purity, bioactivity and increasing recovered products. Anthocyanins were extracted from mango peels based on a Box-Behnken experimental design (ethanol concentration (50–80%), acetic acid concentration (0.1–2%), time (60–150 min) and temperature (25 °C)). The remaining residue was subsequently fractionated to recover pectin. The optimum anthocyanin conditions (67.45% ethanol, 0.24% acetic acid and 60 min) resulted in pectin with a 5.5% higher antioxidant activity, it was 23% richer in polygalacturonic acid (PGA) and had a yield of 31% w/w higher than conventionally extracted pectin. An anthocyanin extract with anthocyanin contents, polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity of 22.33 mg/100 g, 132.62 mg/g, and 1.36 μg gallic acid equivalent, respectively, was obtained. Therefore, the sequential extraction of anthocyanins and pectin improves pectin functional properties and increases the mango peel value potential.
Simultaneous extraction of mangiferin and pectin from the waste mango peels was attempted with the aim of reducing the number of processing steps, minimizing the operation time and avoiding the ...requirement of harsh acids. Microwave-assisted extraction has been employed along with different hydrotropes (sodium cumene sulfonate, sodium salicylate, and sodium p-toluene sulfonate) and methanol with varying concentrations. The highest yield of mangiferin (10.43 mg/g) was attained using sodium cumene sulfonate at 80 W microwave power, 10 min time, 0.5 M concentration, 80 °C temperature and 1:50 g/mL solid-liquid ratio. The mangiferin recovery was 20 % higher using hydrotropic solution in comparison to methanol (50 %, v/v). The hydrotropes have concurrently extracted pectin (25.38 %, w/w), which was not possible using methanol. Thus, the incorporation of hydrotropes has led to the avoidance of acidic solution for the recovery of pectin. Pectin has a higher methoxy content (∼ 74 % degree of esterification) and a higher percentage of D-galacturonic acid. The extraction time was further reduced in the range of 50–70 % by embedding sonication with microwave-assisted extraction. Moreover, the extract has exhibited good antioxidant activities (> 70 % DPPH and> 90 % ABTS). A symbiotic effect of hydrotrope, microwave and sonication has resulted in the simultaneous extraction of mangiferin and pectin along-with better processing conditions thereby providing a sustainable option which can be explored at a higher scale. In addition, the present study has presented a judicious utilization of mango waste.
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•An approach of bio-economy by utilizing mango waste peels for resource generation.•Simultaneous extraction of mangiferin and pectin thereby reducing number of steps.•A symbiotic effect of hydrotrope, microwave radiation and sonication for extraction.•A sustainable waste valorization towards realization of circular economy.
Mango (Mangifera indica) is perhaps the most notable sound natural product, however short-lived. A few synthetic compounds like calcium carbide, pesticides, formalin and calcium-based arrangements ...have been utilizing for its protection, notwithstanding, those synthetic compounds are perilous for our human wellbeing. Besides, mango strip is a food-handling by-product that is discarded since it isn't economically reasonable. For this study, the nutritional, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of peels from two mango cultivars (Amrapali, and BARI-11) were analyzed with four doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2 kGy) of gamma irradiation. The impacts of radiation on storage quality and life span of usability were likewise investigated. Mango peels were found to have many phytochemicals. Be that as it may, radiation altogether impacted tested parameters like fat, protein, carb, fiber, sugar, energy, soluble solids, etc. in both of the mango peels. On the other hand, the peel samples showed 50% DPPH scavenging activity at varied dosages. Moreover, samples exposed to 1.5 kGy of radiation showed higher antioxidant activity. At a radiation dose of 1.5 kGy, amrapali peel proved to be less hazardous to brine shrimp lethality assay than other samples. The widest inhibitory zones against Pseudomonas sp. were obtained at a dosage of 150 µg/disc. After two weeks of storage, the 1.5 kGy radiation dosage left the mangoes' texture firm, indicating that it was extending the fruit's shelf life by greatly reducing the microbial attack. Thus mangoes could be preserved using radiation without significantly affecting their nutritional value.
Gallic acid is recognized as a notable bioactive compound among secondary polyphenolic metabolites. In the current study, gallic acid-enriched extracts were obtained from mango peels using different ...solvents (ethanol or water) via ultrasound-assisted extraction, and optimized yields were compared with the conventional extraction technique (decoction). Independent variables for the optimization through response surface methodology were ethanol concentration (0–60%), solvent ratio (10–50 mL/g), temperature (30–60℃), and time (10–30 min) for ethanolic extraction. However, extraction carried out by using water had extraction conditions of pH (2–8), solvent ratio (20–0 mL/g), extraction temperature (40–70℃), and time (30–60 min). The optimized yield of gallic acid obtained through ethanol was 5.75 ± 0.21 mg/g, whereas 3.14 ± 0.24 mg/g of gallic acid was quantified in extraction through water. The results were compared with the aforementioned conventional method of decoction, and it was concluded that the ethanolic extracts of mango peels showed the highest gallic acid yield and total flavonoid contents. The obtained extracts could be a potential source of polyphenolics, especially gallic acid, for use in nutraceuticals as well as in other food applications.
Peels of thirteen (13) ripe mango genotypes were analyzed for total phenolic, total
flavonoid, vitamin C, vitamin A contents, and antioxidant activity. Statistical analysis
showed that the mango ...genotypes were significantly different in all the chemical assays
performed. The total phenolic content of the genotypes ranged from 3.44-14.59% GAE
while total flavonoid content ranged from 0.32 – 2.16% CE. The vitamin A and vitamin C
contents of mango peels ranged from 24.66 – 92.01 IU/g and 4.55 – 6.40 mg/g,
respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 88.11 – 92.47%.
Correlation analysis also showed that DPPH radical scavenging activity has high positive
correlation with total phenolic content (r = 0.69), total flavonoid (r = 0.77) content, and
vitamin C (r = 0.57). Using standards, the presence of gallic, vanillic, syringic, and ferulic
acids were confirmed in Carabao mango peel by comparison of retention times using High
Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The quantity of these phenolic acids was
also calculated with gallic acid and ferulic acid having the highest and lowest
concentrations in the peels of all the studied genotypes, respectively. The observation and
data collected from this study showed that there was chemical variation in the peels of
different mango genotypes that can be a basis for future breeding work. Furthermore,
mango peel was can be a good source of phenolic compounds, vitamins and antioxidants
which can be utilized as a functional food, and for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and
cosmeceutical purposes.
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