The circulation of early films was highly ephemeral, since films were regarded as consumable, interchangeable objects. Their rapid passage through cinemas, staying for just a few days or weeks, left ...few traces that can be used to document their movement a century later. Even in the case of films featuring a phenomenally successful star like the Danish actress Asta Nielsen in the burgeoning early cinema market of Australia and New Zealand (known collectively as Australasia or the Antipodes), few records of silent-era distribution or exhibition companies have survived to reveal which Asta Nielsen films they may have imported and screened, let alone what audiences thought of the films they were able to view. Fortunately, the open-access digitization of extensive archival newspaper holdings in New Zealand (paperspast.natlib.govt.nz) and Australia (trove.nla.gov.au) has made it possible to recreate much of the circulation history of many early films, thereby indicating their popularity and relative profitability. Such archival material confirms that Asta Nielsen was a well-known, highly valued star in the Australasian cinema firmament, with nearly two dozen films in circulation over a four-year period preceding the First World War. This article demonstrates how Trove and Papers Past can be used to follow the movement of the Asta Nielsen film When the Mask Falls/Wenn die Maske fällt (1912) through Australasia, contextualize it as part of a much larger phenomenon of Asta Nielsen films in the Antipodes, and situate it within the larger context of Australasian cinema exhibition and distribution in the pre-First World War era.
Maskierte Helden von Holzen, Aleta-Amirée
2019, Letnik:
13
eBook
Odprti dostop
Populäre Heldengestalten wie Zorro, Batman oder Spider-Man vollbringen ihre Taten in der Öffentlichkeit nur maskiert, verbergen aber in Zivil jeden Anschein von Heldentum. Mit diesem Geheimnis ...ermöglichen solche maskierten Helden in ihren Geschichten die vielfältige Thematisierung von Identitätsvorstellungen – kommt der Maske doch schon immer die Funktion zu, Identitätskategorien und -kategorisierungen zu hinterfragen. In den Spannungsfeldern der Maskerade zwischen Sein und Schein versuchen diese Figuren seriellen Erzählens immer wieder aufs Neue, die Balance zwischen Individualität und Konformität zu finden oder zu halten. Was maskierte Helden ausmacht und wie solche Figuren zwischen Fragen nach dem 'wahren' Ich und multiplen Selbsten oszilieren, zeigt dieses Buch in einem grossen zeitlichen Bogen über das gesamte 20. bis ins beginnende 21. Jahrhundert, in dem auch die Genese des maskierten Helden als Figurentypus nachgezeichnet wird. Weltbekannte Figuren wie Superman, weniger bekannte wie Daredevil, die Thunderbolts oder The Shadow sowie eine Vielzahl fast vergessener Helden aus den US-amerikanischen Pulp-Novels und frühen Superheldencomics stehen dabei im Fokus.
Nošenje zaštitne opreme i higijena ruku pripadaju u temeljne mjere prevencije širenja pandemije COVID-19. Pritom su pojedina zanimanja, poglavito zdravstveni radnici, izložena dugotrajnom kontaktu sa ...zaštitnom opremom, što može rezultirati brojnim kožnim promjenama, bilo kao novonastale promjene na koži ili pogoršanje postojećih dermatoza. Okluzivni učinak zaštitnih maski, uz pritisak i trenje, može dovesti do suhoće kože lica i pojave odnosno pogoršanja postojeće acne vulgaris („maskne“). Učestalo pranje ruku sapunima, dezinficijensima i antisepticima može dovesti ne samo do suhoće kože ruku, nego i do kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa, pri čemu deterdženti i topla voda čine kombinaciju mehaničkih i kemijskih iritansa. Puder koji se nalazi unutar nekih rukavica također može imati iritativni učinak. Zaštitne maske, naočale i odijela zbog svojega okluzivnog učinka narušavaju zaštitnu kožnu barijeru, što također može dovesti do kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa. Kontaktni alergijski dermatitis nešto se rjeđe javlja od kontaktnoga iritativnog dermatitisa, a predstavlja kasni tip preosjetljivosti na alergene koji se nalaze u zaštitnoj opremi (poglavito u maskama i rukavicama) te sredstvima za dezinfekciju. Rijetko se može javiti i kontaktna urtikarija kao posljedica korištenja zaštitne opreme, a najčešći je uzrok kontaktne urtikarije lateks koji se nalazi u zaštitnim rukavicama. Dugotrajno nošenje zaštitnih maski, naočala i štitnika za lice može dovesti i do mehaničkih oštećenja, od najblažih promjena kao što su crvenilo uz tragove na koži do mjehura, erozija i ulceracija. U ovom preglednom radu prikazani su rezultati dosadašnjih istraživanja o kožnim promjenama uzrokovanim nošenjem zaštitne opreme i sredstvima za dezinfekciju tijekom pandemije COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2 pripada skupini betakoronavirusa koji uzrokuju bolest nazvanu COVID-19. Infekcija se prenosi kapljično, a moguć je prijenos i putem aerosola. Pandemija koronavirusa zahvatila je cijeli ...svijet, a broj oboljelih svakodnevno se povećava. Dok se ne pronađe učinkovito cjepivo i/ili lijekovi važno je provoditi sigurnosne zaštitne mjere kako bi se smanjilo širenje virusa. Održavanje fizičkog razmaka, higijena ruku i obveza nošenja zaštitnih maski tri su temeljne zaštitne mjere koje mogu pridonijeti sprečavanju širenja virusa. Učinkovitost pojedinih mjera još uvijek je predmet znanstvenih i neznanstvenih rasprava, dovodeći tako do proturječnih i zbunjujućih poruka široj javnosti. Iako u literaturi ne postoje kvalitetne studije koje bi potvrdile učinkovitost nošenja maski, većina objavljenih govori u prilog njihovoj učinkovitosti. U ovome radu dajemo pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja u pogledu učinkovitosti maski u sprečavanju širenja SARS-CoV-2 virusa.
Hitna stanja opasna za život mogu se dogoditi, i događaju se, i u ordinaciji dentalne medicine. Mogu nastati zbog komplikacija osnovne bolesti i kao reakcija na lijekove koja može biti alergijska i ...toksična.
Najčešće toksične reakcije uzrokuju lokalni anestetici, a alergije se pojavljuju uglavnom pri primjeni antibiotika, najčešće penicilina. Kao reakcija na stres najčešće nastaje vazovagalna sinkopa. Ostali uzroci mogu biti povezani s osnovnom bolesti određenog sustava (akutni astmatski napadaj, dijabetička ketoacidoza, hipoglikemija, epileptički napadaji itd.), ili su nesretni slučajevi (aspiracija stranog tijela, što uzrokuje opstrukciju dišnog sustava). Za sve navedeno propisane su smjernice koje je potrebno znati. Ako nastanu komplikacije, a ne poduzmu se potrebne mjere, može se dogoditi zastoj srca ili prestanak disanja pa je potrebna kardiopulmonalna reanimacija. Sve postupke i doze nužno je prilagoditi dobi djeteta.
Silicon (Si) subwavelength grating (SWG) structures were fabricated on Si substrates by holographic lithography and subsequent inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching process using SiCl
4
with or ...without Ar addition for solar cell applications. To ensure a good nanosized pattern transfer into the underlying Si layer, the etch selectivity of Si over the photoresist mask is optimized by varying the etching parameters, thus improving antireflection characteristics. For antireflection analysis of Si SWG surfaces, the optical reflectivity is measured experimentally and it is also calculated theoretically by a rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The reflectance depends on the height, period, and shape of two-dimensional periodic Si subwavelength structures, correlated with ICP etching parameters. The optimized Si SWG structure exhibits a dramatic decrease in optical reflection of the Si surface over a wide angle of incident light (
θ
i
), i.e. less than 5% at wavelengths of 300–1100 nm, leading to good wide-angle antireflection characteristics (i.e. solar-weighted reflection of 1.7–4.9% at
θ
i
<50°) of Si solar cells.
We have investigated the change in photocurrent density (
J
SC) of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) before and after covering an aperture mask on the cell, especially its dependence on solar ...absorption range in dye. Four different dyes having absorption threshold at 460
nm (P5), 520
nm (TA-St-CA), 680
nm (N719) and 820
nm (N749) are tested.
J
SC of the DSSC without mask decreases after mask, where the decreasing rate (△
J
SC
=
J
SC (no mask) −
J
SC (with mask)/
J
SC (no mask)) becomes larger when dye absorption threshold decreases. △
J
SC at the given TiO
2 film thickness of 10
μm is determined to be about 20%, 15% and 13% for P5, TA-St-CA and N719–N749, respectively, which is reduced to 14% (TA-St-CA), 11.3% (N719) and 10.5% (N749) after increasing the thickness to 20
μm, except for P5 dye remaining unchanged. According to the analysis based on IPCE and photon flux data, the over photocurrents observed for the unmasked dye-sensitized solar cells and their dependence on dye absorption range are found to be attributed to diffuse light leaving the dye-adsorbed TiO
2 active area.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je, primjenom kratkog upitnika samoprocjene, istražiti utječe li nošenje medicinske ili platnene zaštitne maske tijekom nastave na vokalni zamor učitelja razredne (N=102) i ...učitelja ili nastavnika predmetne nastave (N=398). Rezultati upitnika uspoređeni su u odnosu na prijašnju prisutnost poremećaja glasa, razrednu i predmetnu nastavu, te dob sudionika. Potvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u svim varijablama, osim jedne, između skupine sudionika koji su prije obveznog nošenja zaštitnih maski na nastavi imali poremećaj glasa i onih koji nisu imali. Razlika između predavača razredne i predmetne nastave, pokazala se statistički značajnom samo u varijabli koja se odnosi na osjećaj lošije kvalitete glasa nakon nošenja zaštitne maske.
The aim of this research paper was to examine whether wearing a surgical or a cloth protective mask in class affects vocal fatigue in homeroom teachers (N=102) and subject teachers (N=398) via short selfassessment survey. Survey results were compared in relation to previous presence of voice disorders, homeroom and subject teaching and respondents’ age. Statistically significant differences were confirmed in all variables except the one between the group of respondents who had a voice disorder prior to wearing protective masks in class and those who did not. The difference between homeroom and subject teachers proved statistically significant only in the variable relating to louder speaking after teachers started wearing protective masks.
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