This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It presents the results of the ComBoNDT European project, which aimed at the development of more secure, time- and cost-saving extended ...non-destructive inspection tools for carbon fiber reinforced plastics, adhered surfaces and bonded joints. The book reports the optimal use of composite materials to allow weight savings, reduction in fuel consumptions, savings during production and higher cost efficiency for ground operations.
Optical properties are among the most fascinating and useful properties of nanomaterials and have been extensively studied using a variety of optical spectroscopic techniques. A basic understanding ...of the optical properties and related spectroscopic techniques is essential for anyone who is interested in learning about nanomaterials of semiconductors, insulators or metal. This is partly because optical properties are intimately related to other properties and functionalities (e.g. electronic, magnetic, and thermal) that are of fundamental importance to many technological applications, such as energy conversion, chemical analysis, biomedicine, optoelectronics, communication, and radiation detection.
This open access book presents a thorough look at tortuosity and microstructure effects in porous materials. The book delivers a comprehensive review of the subject, summarizing all key results in ...the field with respect to the underlying theories, empirical data available in the literature, modern methodologies and calculation approaches, and quantitative relationships between microscopic and macroscopic properties. It thoroughly discusses up to 20 different types of tortuosity and introduces a new classification scheme and nomenclature based on direct geometric tortuosities, indirect physics-based tortuosities, and mixed tortuosities (geometric and physics-based). The book also covers recent progress in 3D imaging and image modeling for studying novel aspects of tortuosity and associated transport properties in materials, while providing a comprehensive list of available software packages for practitioners in the community. This book is a must-read for researchers and students in materials science and engineering interested in a deeper understanding of microstructure–property relationships in porous materials. For energy materials in particular, such as lithium-ion batteries, tortuosity is a key microstructural parameter that can greatly impact long-term material performance. Thus, the information laid out in this book will also greatly benefit researchers interested in computational modeling and design of next-generation materials, especially those for sustainability and energy applications.
Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical ...and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.
Applications of Microwave Materials: A Review Raveendran, Athira; Sebastian, Mailadil Thomas; Raman, Sujith
Journal of electronic materials,
05/2019, Letnik:
48, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The performance of microwave devices mainly depends on the properties of materials used in the fabrication. Knowledge of material properties at microwave frequencies is a prerequisite to select ...suitable materials for various microwave applications and vice versa. In this review, seven categories of materials and their applications in a microwave regime are elaborately discussed. The categories include magnetic materials, carbon-based materials, flexible or stretchable materials, biomaterials, phantoms, tunable materials and metamaterials. A brief overview of other important microwave materials such as low-loss ceramic dielectric materials, low-loss polymer ceramic composites, glass ceramics and multilayer ceramics is also given. The objective of this review is to expose the world of materials for wide microwave applications and thereby properly assisting the material selection for specific applications. Moreover, this review has dual significance. It helps material scientists to develop new materials and modify the properties of the available materials with respect to the application requirements. It also assists microwave engineers to select and use appropriate materials for different microwave applications.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were first developed in 2012, and have become the desirable choice as energy harvesters in the research community worldwide. The popularity of TENGs is attributed ...to their low weight, low cost, high output, wide range of materials and device designs. TENGs have been explored for many applications including sensing, implantable power sources, healthcare, and biomedical applications. The performance of TENGs depends largely on the material since charge density (σ) is a material property. Moreover, 2D materials have been investigated as an alternative to the conventional metal electrodes. The dominance of polymers and metals in the traditional triboelectric series has lead researchers to explore novel materials to extend the applications and improve TENG output. This review article summarizes the progress in the development of frictional layers and electrode materials for TENGs. The mechanism for the output enhancement and device applications are discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective on the future and relevant challenges in material development for TENGs are discussed.
The development of materials for active triboelectric layers, electrodes, and their applications are systematically reviewed. The review focusses on the materials beyond the conventional triboelectric series, dominated by the polymers and a few metals. This review also outlines the challenges and future perspectives on the development of materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG).
The complex tissue‐specific physiology that is orchestrated from the nano‐ to the macroscale, in conjugation with the dynamic biophysical/biochemical stimuli underlying biological processes, has ...inspired the design of sophisticated hydrogels and nanoparticle systems exhibiting stimuli‐responsive features. Recently, hydrogels and nanoparticles have been combined in advanced nanocomposite hybrid platforms expanding their range of biomedical applications. The ease and flexibility of attaining modular nanocomposite hydrogel constructs by selecting different classes of nanomaterials/hydrogels, or tuning nanoparticle‐hydrogel physicochemical interactions widely expands the range of attainable properties to levels beyond those of traditional platforms. This review showcases the intrinsic ability of hybrid constructs to react to external or internal/physiological stimuli in the scope of developing sophisticated and intelligent systems with application‐oriented features. Moreover, nanoparticle‐hydrogel platforms are overviewed in the context of encoding stimuli‐responsive cascades that recapitulate signaling interplays present in native biosystems. Collectively, recent breakthroughs in the design of stimuli‐responsive nanocomposite hydrogels improve their potential for operating as advanced systems in different biomedical applications that benefit from tailored single or multi‐responsiveness.
Stimuli‐responsive nanocomposite hydrogels represent leading biofunctional platforms due to their design flexibility and ability to operate as intelligent devices that intrinsically recognize and react to physiological or external stimuli inputs. This review delineates recent trends in their design and assembly and critically overviews flagship hybrids on their path to attain sophisticated self‐regulating activities or serving as remote‐controlled long‐term therapeutic modalities.
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