Abstract
CAD as a computer technology under the progress of the auxiliary drawing products, for the mechanical fixture design has brought convenience. CAD greatly improve the efficiency of design, ...and more beautiful and accurate, according to the design of the finished product has a higher quality of course. This paper will discuss the mechanical fixture design based on CAD.
The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has changed the lives of people around the world with a huge impact on economies and societies. The development of wearable sensors ...that can continuously monitor the environment for viruses may become an important research area. Here, the state of the art of research on biosensor materials for virus detection is reviewed. A general description of the principles for virus detection is included, along with a critique of the experimental work dedicated to various virus sensors, and a summary of their detection limitations. The piezoelectric sensors used for the detection of human papilloma, vaccinia, dengue, Ebola, influenza A, human immunodeficiency, and hepatitis B viruses are examined in the first section; then the second part deals with magnetostrictive sensors for the detection of bacterial spores, proteins, and classical swine fever. In addition, progress related to early detection of COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is discussed in the final section, where remaining challenges in the field are also identified. It is believed that this review will guide material researchers in their future work of developing smart biosensors, which can further improve detection sensitivity in monitoring currently known and future virus threats.
Piezoelectric and magnetostrictive biosensor materials are presented and discussed. It is found that these advanced materials show great potential for application in the detection of various viruses. Progress related to COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and the way to new and emerging sensors for virus detection for home application or wearability are considered.
The rapid progress of advanced manufacturing, multidisciplinary integration and artificial intelligence has ushered in a new era of technological development in the design of lightweight, ...well-integrated, multifunctional, intelligent, flexible and biomimetic materials and structures. The traditional approach in structural research poses several intrinsic limitations on the practical performance of devices and instruments in harsh industrial environments, due to factors such as the disconnection between structural design and manufacturing, low efficiency in the manufacture of complex structures, reduced actual mechanical integrity and reliability of manufactured structures compared to the theoretical values obtained from structural design, insufficient level of multifunctional structural integration, and excessive economic cost. In addition, the advanced materials and structures incorporated in industrial equipment often need to withstand extreme service environments, and it is increasingly important to further integrate the design, manufacture, function, performance evaluation and industrial application of advanced structures, to provide the theoretical and technical bases for optimizing their fabrication. In view of the above, the authors propose a new research paradigm of “mechanostructures,” which aims to achieve target mechanical responses of structures, devices and equipment in extreme service environments by integrating their structural design, manufacturing and performance evaluation. By designing novel structures based on desired static and dynamic mechanical responses and considering the mechanical behavior throughout the whole deformation process, the new field of “mechanostructures” pursues an application-oriented structural design approach. As a typical example of mechanostructures, lightweight multifunctional lattice structures with high stiffness, strength, impact resistance, energy absorption capacity, shock wave attenuation and noise reduction show great potential for applications in aerospace, transportation, defense, biomedical, energy, machinery, equipment and other industrial fields. In this respect, the mechanical design of lattice metastructures inspired by polycrystalline microstructures is presented, starting with a discussion on typical mechanical properties and multifunctional performance conflicts, and demonstrating the scientific merits of “mechanostructures” based on the innovative structural design, manipulation of the multifunctional mechanical properties, and elaboration of the underlying physical mechanisms.
ATRIAS is a human-scale 3D-capable bipedal robot designed to mechanically embody the
spring-mass model for dynamic walking and running. To help
bring the extensive work on this theoretical model ...further into practice, we present the
design and validation of a spring-mass robot that can operate in real-world settings (i.e.
off-tether and without planarizing restraints). We outline the mechanisms and design
choices necessary to meet these specifications, particularly ATRIAS’ four-bar
series-elastic leg design. We experimentally demonstrate the following robot capabilities,
which are characteristics of the target model. 1) We present the robot’s physical
capability for both grounded and aerial gaits, including planar walking and sustained
hopping, while being more efficient than similarly gait-versatile bipeds. 2) The robot can
be controlled by enforcing quantities derived from the simpler spring-mass model, such as
leg angles and leg forces. 3) ATRIAS replicates the center-of-mass dynamics of human
hopping and (novelly) walking, a key spring-mass model feature. Lastly, we present
dynamically stable stepping in 3D without external support, demonstrating that this
theoretical model has practical potential for real-world locomotion.
Abstract
The mechanical design amelioration of automatic production line can intelligently adjust the production rhythm of the production line on demand, control the rhythm of production scheduling ...according to the production process requirements, and establish a modular design mode, so it has important research value. Based on this, this paper first analyses the mechanical design principle of the automatic production line, then studies the computer control system of the automatic production line, and finally gives the amelioration measures of the mechanical design of the automatic production line.
Abstract
Compared with the traditional mechanical engineering design, the intelligent mechanical engineering automation design has obvious economic applicability. In recent years, with the continuous ...development of China’s mechanical engineering design field, mechanical engineering design has been effectively innovated and promoted, automation technology as a representative of which also has an obvious role. In this paper, the concept of mechanical design, manufacturing and construction in the new era is expounded, and the principle and application of intelligent technology are analyzed for readers’ reference.
Over the past decade, the area of stretchable inorganic electronics has evolved very rapidly, in part because the results have opened up a series of unprecedented applications with broad interest and ...potential for impact, especially in bio‐integrated systems. Low modulus mechanics and the ability to accommodate extreme mechanical deformations, especially high levels of stretching, represent key defining characteristics. Most existing studies exploit structural material designs to achieve these properties, through the integration of hard inorganic electronic components configured into strategic 2D/3D geometries onto patterned soft substrates. The diverse structural geometries developed for stretchable inorganic electronics are summarized, covering the designs of functional devices and soft substrates, with a focus on fundamental principles, design approaches, and system demonstrations. Strategies that allow spatial integration of 3D stretchable device layouts are also highlighted. Finally, perspectives on the remaining challenges and open opportunities are provided.
Diverse material structures for stretchable inorganic electronics are summarized, covering both functional devices and soft substrates, with a focus on the fundamental principles, design approaches, and system demonstrations. Strategies that allow spatial integration of 3D stretchable device configurations are also highlighted. Finally, perspectives on remaining challenges and open opportunities are provided.
Orthotics have been utilised by clinicians for many years to treat foot-related abnormalities. With advancements in material sciences, the footwear industry started utilising synthetic materials ...which have better and suitable properties. Clinicians, who prescribe foot insoles, need to have an extensive understanding of the properties and characteristics of insole materials, to make informed decisions to meet the patients' needs. This thesis showcases utilised techniques and systems to evaluate orthosis properties as well as current criteria to date. Researchers have utilised a variety of testing techniques to examine properties of insole materials including; bench testing, simulated in-shoe conditions, in-shoe testing, and finite element analysis. Even though, there is a great understanding of material properties with endless diverse composition and thicknesses of each material makes clinical recommendations on the choice of material an impossible task. As the footwear orthosis industry shifts the focus from material to design, some researchers explore various anisotropic materials to create a homogeneous insole that can support as well as relieve pressure on patient's feet.
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Advances in miniaturized portable electronics and progress on novel enabling technologies, consequently accompanied by power consumption downgraded from the scale of milliwatts (mW) ...to microwatts (μW), have inevitably facilitate the development of an emerging discipline-wearable human energy conversion systems. Served as a passive human energy harvester which can directly convert heat into electricity in long-term operations without the user’s intervention, wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEG) have sparked considerable research interest for next-generation power supply. In comparison to the longstanding research history of thermoelectrics, their wearables are still in infancy of extensive growth over the last decade. Although, historically, the main challenge behind the conventional thermoelectric generator (TEG) is the improvement of dimensionless figure-of-merit (zT), wearable applications usually impose additional restrictions that can be more pivotal than zT value. Diversified targeted strategies therefore have been proposed to push TEG toward wearable application. Here, we review the evolutionary roadmap of the wearable thermoelectric generators in the past decade, it could be concluded that the trend in WTEG is to move toward stretchable three-dimension (3D)-structure with rational thermal design at the moment. The basic concept targeting WTEG, which highly differs from that of the traditional TEG, is introduced at first. And then, aiming to provide detailed design guidelines for WTEG, we begin with carefully discussing the key issues for TEG toward wearable application. Finally, the specific strategies targeted WTEG that is classified into thermal design regarding extrinsic temperature difference (ΔText), parasitic and TEG thermal resistance, mechanical design with emphasis on optimizing deformability at materials/device level beyond flexibility toward stretchability, as well as architecture design from two-dimension (2D) to 3D feature are comprehensively summarized, respectively. With these understandings, perspectives for the future development of WTEG are outlined. This review emphasizes issues and provides additional insight in advanced strategies for pushing TEG toward wearable application. The key issues clarified and the design roadmap summarized here arise from the goal of providing ideas for the concurrent optimization of the future WTEG, as well as realistically promoting the TEG toward wearable application.
Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) are those raw materials that are economically and strategically important for the European economy but have a high-risk associated with their supply. Used in ...environmental technologies, consumer electronics, health, steel-making, defence, space exploration, and aviation, these materials are not only ‘critical’ for key industry sectors and future applications, but also for the sustainable functioning of the European economy. In this scenario, ‘mitigating actions’ need to be developed to reduce criticalities linked to the use of those raw materials. Recycling and substitution, when possible, are strategic solutions but a more efficient use of such CRMs in design, obtained by a correct alloy selection, is become nowadays mandatory.
A method for metallic alloys selection in a CRMs perspective, based on the definition of the alloy critical index, is described. The proposed method allows selecting the alloy for the current application that minimizes its criticality associated to CRMs. The method is illustrated with examples.
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•The criticality index quantifying the supply risk of raw elements used to produce the unit of mass of the alloy was defined•The objective equation that quantifies the criticality issues linked to raw materials per unit of function was obtained•A systematic approach for materials selection in a critical raw material perspective is illustrated
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