The Social Media Disorder Scale van den Eijnden, Regina J.J.M.; Lemmens, Jeroen S.; Valkenburg, Patti M.
Computers in human behavior,
August 2016, 2016-08-00, 20160801, Letnik:
61
Journal Article
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There is growing evidence that social media addiction is an evolving problem, particularly among adolescents. However, the absence of an instrument measuring social media addiction hinders further ...development of the research field. The present study, therefore, aimed to test the reliability and validity of a short and easy to administer Social Media Disorder (SMD) Scale that contains a clear diagnostic cut-off point to distinguish between disordered (i.e. addicted) and high-engaging non-disordered social media users.
Three online surveys were conducted among a total of 2198 Dutch adolescents aged 10 to 17. The 9-item scale showed solid structural validity, appropriate internal consistency, good convergent and criterion validity, sufficient test-retest reliability, and satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. In sum, this study generated evidence that the short 9-item scale is a psychometrically sound and valid instruments to measure SMD.
•The 9-item Social Media Disorder (SMD) Scale is a psychometrically sound instrument.•The development of the 9-item SMD-scale was based on the 9 DSM-5 criteria for IGD.•The 9-item SMD-scale shows appropriate internal consistency and test-retest reliability.•The 9-item SMD-scale demonstrates good convergent and criterion validity.•The 9-item SMD-scale shows adequate sensitivity and good specificity.
Social media have become increasingly integrated into the daily lives of adolescents. There are concerns about the potential detrimental effects of adolescents' social media use (SMU) on their mental ...health. Using a three-wave longitudinal study among 2109 secondary school adolescents (Mage = 13.1, SDage = 0.8), the present study examined whether high SMU intensity and addiction-like SMU problems were bidirectionally associated with low mental health, and whether these associations were mediated by increased levels of upward social comparisons, cybervictimization, decreased subjective school achievements, and less face-to-face contact with friends. In doing so, mental health was measured by depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Findings from random intercept cross-lagged panel models showed a direct unidirectional association between SMU problems and mental health: SMU problems were associated with decreased mental health one year later, but not vice versa. SMU problems also predicted increased levels of upward social comparisons and cybervictimization one year later. Yet, these processes did not mediate the observed effect of SMU problems on decreased mental health. Over time, SMU intensity and mental health were not associated in any direction; neither directly, nor indirectly through any of the mediators. Findings of our study suggest that harmful effects of SMU intensity may be limited and highlight the potential risk of SMU problems to adolescent mental health.
•There are concerns about adolescents' social media use (SMU).•Over time, SMU intensity and mental health were not associated in any direction.•SMU problems predicted decreases in mental health one year later.•SMU problems also predicted increases in social comparison and cybervictimization.•Particularly SMU problems may pose a risk to adolescents' mental health.
This study examined (1) whether intense and problematic social media use (SMU) were independently associated with adolescent well-being; (2) whether these associations varied by the country-level ...prevalence of intense and problematic SMU; and (3) whether differences in the country-level prevalence of intense and problematic SMU were related to differences in mobile Internet access.
Individual-level data came from 154,981 adolescents (meanage = 13.5) from 29 countries that participated in the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Intense SMU was measured by the time spent on social media, whereas problematic SMU was defined by symptoms of addiction to social media. Mental (life satisfaction and psychological complaints), school (school satisfaction and perceived school pressure), and social (family support and friend support) well-being were assessed. Country-level data came from aggregated individual-level data and data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on Internet access.
Two-level regression analyses indicated that in countries with a lower prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported lower levels of life satisfaction and family support and more psychological complaints than nonintense users. In contrast, in countries with a higher prevalence of intense SMU, intense users reported higher levels of family support and life satisfaction than nonintense users, and similar levels of psychological complaints. In all countries, intense users reported more friend support than nonintense users. The findings regarding problematic SMU were more consistent: In all countries, problematic users reported lower well-being on all domains than nonproblematic users. Observed differences in country-level prevalence rates of intense and problematic SMU could not be explained by mobile Internet access.
Adolescents reporting problematic SMU are particularly at risk of lower well-being. In many countries, intense SMU may be a normative adolescent behavior that contributes positively to specific domains of their well-being.
Business firms and the public have encountered massive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has become the most significant challenge and influenced all communities. This research ...study focuses on exploring the relationship between COVID-19 knowledge, social distancing, individuals' attitudes toward social media use, and practices of using social media amid the COVID-19 crisis. This study examines how attitudes toward social media use mediate the linkage between COVID-19 knowledge, social distancing, and practices for social media use. This survey uses a non-probability convenience sampling approach to collect samples and recruit willing respondents with their consent for data collection. This study recorded the feedback from 348 participants who encountered the indirect/direct effects of nationwide lockdowns, restrictions on social gatherings, and COVID-19 infection. The findings validate the proposed hypotheses for their direct effects and indicate significant β-values,
-statistics, and the
-values at
<0.001. The results validate a relationship between the COVID-19 knowledge of and social distancing practices. Similarly, the results approved a positive link between social distancing and attitudes toward social media use amid COVID-19. The findings validate the relation between social distancing and attitudes toward social media use during COVID-19 challenges (β
value = 0.22 and
-statistics = 3.078). The results show the linkage between attitudes toward social media use and practices of using social media (β-value = 0.41, and
-statistics = 7.175). Individuals' attitude toward social media use during COVID-19 mediates the connection between COVID-19 knowledge and COVID-19 practices of using social media use. The results validate the first mediation at β-value = 0.21 and
-statistic = 5.327. Similarly, the findings approve that attitudes toward social media use in the pandemic have positively mediated the relation between distancing and practices for social media use amid the crisis of COVID-19 (β-value = 0.09 and
-statistic = 2.633). The findings indicate how people have been indulged in social media to pave their business communication needs. The results provide valuable insights for the global business community. This study provides a systematic and holistic research model that helps in exploring the consequences of COVID-19. The generalizability of the findings provides valuable directions for future research related to the current pandemic.
•We develop a two-level, first-stage moderated mediation model.•Job satisfaction partially mediates the role ambiguity-employee creativity linkage.•Task-oriented social media use affects the role ...conflict-job satisfaction linkage.•Relationship-oriented social media use also moderates this linkage.•Two types of social media use moderate the intervening role of job satisfaction.
This study sheds light on how role stressors influence employee creativity by jointly exploring the mediating mechanism and contextual factors affecting these relationships. Drawing from the transactional theory of stress, we consider job satisfaction to be a mediator that represents employees’ attitudinal responses to stressors. We also consider social media use within teams to be a moderator that affects employees’ stress appraisal. Specifically, we distinguish between task- and relationship-oriented social media use. We propose a multilevel moderated mediation model to depict the nomological network. Results of a survey of 359 employees in 56 organizational teams suggest that two social media usage patterns differentially moderate the relationships between role stressors and job satisfaction as well as the indirect relationships between role stressors and employee creativity through job satisfaction. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications.
Employees' social media use in the workplace has become a common phenomenon. Thriving at work is a positive psychological state, and conventional wisdom and preliminary research on thriving at work ...indicate the benefits of thriving for both employees and organizations. However, few studies have linked social media use and employees' sense of thriving. Based on the socially embedded model of thriving at work, this paper explores the relationship between social media use and thriving at work, as well as the mediating role of knowledge sharing and the moderating role of locus of control. Mplus is used to analyze the data of 397 Chinese employees collected at two time points; the results show a significant positive impact of social‐related social media use on thriving at work. However, work‐related social media use was found to have no effect on thriving at work, though knowledge sharing mediates the relationship between social media use and thriving at work. In addition, locus of control moderates the relationship between work‐related social media use and thriving at work.
Recent studies suggest that users’ preferences of social media use differ according to their individual differences and use motives, and that these factors can lead to problematic social media use ...(PSMU) among a minority of users. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the influences of (i) demographics and Big Five personality dimensions on social media use motives; (ii) demographics and use motives on social media site preferences; and (iii) demographics, personality, popular social media sites, and social media use motives on PSMU. The sample comprised 1008 undergraduate students, aged between 17 and 32 years (
M
= 20.49, SD = 1.73; 60.5% women). The participants completed a questionnaire comprising the Social Media Use Questionnaire, Social Media Usage Aims Scale, and Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Multiple linear and hierarchical regression analyses showed that social media use motives of (i) meeting new people and socializing, (ii) expressing or presenting a more popular self, and (iii) passing time and entertainment were associated with problematic social media use. Moreover, participants that preferred Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook reported higher scores of problematic social media use. Finally, being female, introverted, conscientious, agreeable, and neurotic were associated with PSMU. The findings offer empirical evidence for uses and gratifications theory because the findings demonstrated that (i) different personality traits predict different motives, (ii) different motives predict preference of different platforms, and (iii) different individual differences such as personality, preference of platform, and specific use motives predict PSMU.
Social media (SM) such as Facebook and Instagram are daily used by many people. The current study investigated the reasons for social media use (SMU), as well as their relationships with daily ...stress, depression and anxiety symptoms, experience of flow during the usage process and tendencies of addictive SMU. In a sample of 485 users of different social platforms (age: M (SD) = 24.75 (6.24), range: 18–58), five main categories of usage reasons were identified by an inductive qualitative content analysis: “Search for Information and Inspiration”, “Search for Social Interaction”, “Beat of Boredom and Pastimes”, “Escape from Negative Emotions”, and “Search for Positive Emotions”. Flow experiences positively predicted the categories “Escape from Negative Emotions” and “Search for Positive Emotions”. The last one was additionally predicted by less depression symptoms. Only the category “Escape from Negative Emotions” positively predicted tendencies of addictive SMU. Present findings contribute to the understanding of the development of addictive online behavior. They should be considered when assessing individuals at risk for problematic use of SM like Facebook and Instagram and when developing intervention programs to deal with it.
•Reasons for social media (SM) use may be assigned to five main categories.•SM flow positively predicts the search for positive emotions on SM.•SM flow positively predicts the escape from negative emotions on SM.•Depression symptoms negatively predict the search for positive emotions on SM.•Use of SM to escape from negative emotions positively predicts addictive tendencies.
Epidemics are associated with increased burden of psychological distress. However, the role of boredom on mental health during epidemic periods has seldom been explored.
This study attempted to ...examine the effect of state boredom on psychological outcomes, and the role of media use and meaning in life among the indirectly exposed Chinese adults in the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak.
An online survey was administered to 917 Chinese adults on 28 January 2020 (1 week after the official declaration of person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus). Self-report questionnaires were used to assess state boredom, anxiety, depression, stress, media use and meaning in life. Moderated mediation analysis was conducted.
Our results indicated that the effect of state boredom on anxiety and stress, but not depression, were mediated by media use and that sense of meaning in life modified this association. Meaning in life served as a risk factor, rather than a protective factor for the negative psychological outcomes when people experienced boredom. The association between boredom and media use was significant for high but not low meaning in life individuals.
These findings demonstrated that boredom and media use were associated with an increased burden or psychological distress in the sample. It is important to pay attention to the possible negative impact of boredom and media use during COVID-19, and find more ways to cope with boredom, especially those with high presence of meaning in life.
The present contribution aims to advance discussion toward theoretical and methodological shifts in the field by tailoring a media-effects model to selective exposure research. The first section ...reviews earlier theorizing and highlights media exposure motivations, conceptualizations of media user characteristics, and methodology with an emphasis on exposure measures. The second section develops the Selective Exposure Self- and Affect-Management (SESAM) model, which is based on the selective exposure paradigm and addresses the roles of the self, affect, motivations, and time. The third section illustrates applications of the model with analyses involving messages about race, politics, and health.
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