Suicidality in people with intellectual disability has not been extensively researched.
To identify the nature of the research that has actually been conducted on this topic.
A search of research ...databases was conducted according to predefined criteria. Key information was extracted and rated for methodological merit.
Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The aspects of suicidality investigated, which varied among studies, included suicidal attempts, behavior, ideation, and completed suicide. Thirteen studies highlighted risk factors for suicidality in this population. The most frequently noted risk factors were a concurrent mental health difficulty and the level of intellectual disability. Eight studies referred to people with intellectual disabilities' understanding of the concept of death or suicide. Various methodological issues were identified in the studies included.
In what we believe to be first systematic review of suicidality in people with intellectual disabilities, it was apparent that well-designed, standardized research studies on the topic are scarce. There is consequently limited evidence to guide prevention and intervention strategies for suicidality in this population.
Im Zeichen des demographischen Wandels erreichen immer mehr Menschen mit sogenannter ›geistiger Behinderung‹ ein höheres Lebensalter. Allerdings liegen bislang kaum Erkenntnisse darüber vor, welche ...Bedeutung das Alter(n) für sie hat, wie sie Prozesse des Älterwerdens aushandeln oder welche Wünsche und Bedürfnisse diesbezüglich bestehen. Erstmals widmet sich Michael Börner durch biographisch-narrative Interviews diesen Punkten und schließt dabei an mannigfaltige Forschungsdesiderate des Fachdiskurses an. Abgerundet durch die ausführlichen methodischen und handlungspraktischen Reflexionen entsteht ein facettenreiches Gesamtwerk, das spannende Einblicke für eine breite Leser*innenschaft bietet.
Wie beeinflussen Religionen die soziale Stellung von Personen? Ramona Jelinek-Menke führt das Konzept der »Dis/ability« aus den Disability Studies erstmals in die deutschsprachige ...Religionswissenschaft ein und macht es für Analysen der Interdependenz zwischen Religion und Inklusion nutzbar. Gleichzeitig zeigt sie, wie unter dem Eindruck von Marginalisierung religiöse Vorstellungen, Praktiken und Institutionen gestaltet werden. Damit erschließt sich nicht nur ein neues Forschungsfeld für die Religionswissenschaft, sondern es wird auch die Aufmerksamkeit auf eine sozialwissenschaftlich und gesellschaftlich unterrepräsentierte Gruppe gelenkt.
Autism is one of the five disorders that falls under the umbrella of
Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD), a category of neurological disorders characterized by ..."severe
and pervasive impairment in several areas of development." ASD is
characterized by varying degrees of impairment in communication skills,
social interaction and restricted, repetitive stereotyped patterns of
behavior. The five disorders under PDD are autistic disorder,
Asperger′s disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder,
Rett′s disorder and PDD-not otherwise specified. ASD can often be
reliably detected by the age of 3 years and, in some cases, as early as
18 months. The appearance of any warning signs of ASD is reason to have
the child evaluated by a professional specializing in these disorders.
A four generation family is described in which some men of normal intelligence have epilepsy and others have various combinations of epilepsy, learning difficulties, macrocephaly, and aggressive ...behaviour. As the phenotype in this family is distinct from other X linked recessive disorders linkage studies were carried out. Linkage analysis was done using X chromosome microsatellite polymorphisms to define the interval containing the causative gene. Genes from within the region were considered possible candidates and one of these, SYN1, was screened for mutations by direct DNA sequencing of amplified products. Microsatellite analysis showed that the region between MAOB (Xp11.3) and DXS1275 (Xq12) segregated with the disease. Two point linkage analysis demonstrated linkage with DXS1039, lod score 4·06 at θ = 0, and DXS991, 3·63 at θ = 0. Candidate gene analysis led to identification of a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding synapsin I that was present in all affected family members and female carriers and was not present in 287 control chromosomes. Synapsin I is a synaptic vesicle associated protein involved in the regulation of synaptogenesis and neurotransmitter release. The SYN1 nonsense mutation that was identified is the likely cause of the phenotype in this family.
Spontaneous shifts of attention were observed in autistic, typically developing, and nonautistic developmentally delayed infants. Three types of attention shifting behaviour were observed; (1) ...between an object and another object, (2) between an object and a person, and (3) between a person and another person. The two control groups shifted attention more frequently between an object and a person than between an object and another object or between a person and another person. The infants with autism showed a different pattern, shifting attention between an object and another object more than any other type of shift. Furthermore, infants with autism showed fewer shifts of attention between an object and a person, and between person and person, than did the two control groups. They also spent less time overall looking at people and looked more briefly at people and for longer durations at objects, compared to the two control groups. These results indicate an abnormality in social orientation in autism even at the early age of 20 months.
Annotation: The abuse of disabled children Westcott, Helen L; Jones, David P H
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry,
05/1999, Letnik:
40, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Westcott and Jones present research in relation to three issues: prevalence of abuse of disabled children, responding to abuse, and preventing abuse.
While the historical and social contexts are not overtly provided in Of Mice and Men, in “The Long Valley Ledger” Steinbeck enticingly suggests there is a “wall of background” behind this novel that ...readers may approach only by subtle indirection. This implied background may be observed in forebodings of World War II and in portrayals of euthanasia, racism, feminist issues, and stereotypes of the mentally handicapped.
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