The objective of this research was to examine the effect of the addition of Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (IZLM) in diets on milk production and fermentation products of adaptive Saanen goat. ...The research was conducted at Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTUHPT) or or the Center for Superior Animal Breeding and Forage Animal Feed, Baturraden, Central Java. A total of 18 first lactating adaptive Saanen goats with a body weight of 34.83±7.13 and aged 20-24 months were used in this study. The goats were kept in individual pens and grouped into 6 groups based on body weight and each group were randomized to receive three kinds of concentrate substitution with IZLM of 0%, 10% and 20 % of dry matter (DM) concentrates, for A, B and C treatments, respectively. Therefore, this research was designed according to randomized block design. Dry matter intake (DMI) of each goat was 4.5% of live weight with dry matter (DM) ratio of forage and concentrate were 60:40. The variables measured were DMI, partial volatile fatty acid (VFA), energy conversion efficiency of glucose into VFA (ECEVFA), methane gas, total protozoa, milk production and the first estrus after kidding. Analysis of variance showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on propionate, milk production and fat, but no significant effect (P> 0.05) on consumption of DM, acetate, butyrate, EKVFA, methane gas, lactose and protein milk. Increasing the IZLM substitution level enhanced linearly (P<0.05) on production of milk and milk fat, while the propionate concentrate responded to quadratic (P<0.05). Milk production increased at IZLM level of 20%, while goat in this group resulted only 16.70% estrous after birth compared to goat group received 10% IZLM level resulting 50% of estrus goat. The results of this study concluded that the recommended level of using IZLM as a concentrate substitute was only 10%.
This article describes updates of the meta-analysis command metan and options that have been added since the command's original publication (Bradburn, Deeks, and Altman, metan – an alternative ...meta-analysis command, Stata Technical Bulletin Reprints, vol. 8, pp. 86–100). These include version 9 graphics with flexible display options, the ability to meta-analyze precalculated effect estimates, and the ability to analyze subgroups by using the by() option. Changes to the output, saved variables, and saved results are also described.
Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh interaksi taraf suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) dan rasio jerami padi amoniasi dan konsentrat terhadap efisiensi metabolisme rumen ...dan total protozoa rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 3 x 3. Faktor pertama adalah imbangan bahan kering (BK), jerami padi amoniasi (JPA) dan konsentrat yaitu 45:55 (R1), 55:45 (R2), dan 65:35 (R3). Faktor kedua adalah taraf suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru yaitu 0 ppm (E0), 200 ppm (E1), dan 400 ppm (E2). Variabel yang diamati adalah total protozoa dan produk fermentasi rumen yaitu sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), volatile fatty acids (VFA), N-NH3, gas metan, rasio Asetat/Propionat (A/P), dan efisiensi konversi glukosa menjadi VFA (EVFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi (P0,05) antara rasio JAP: konsentrat dan taraf ekstrak etanol daun waru terhadap N-NH3, total VFA, asam asetat, asam propionat, asam butirat, rasio A/P, dan (EVFA). Rasio JAP: konsentrat R2 menghasilkan EVFA dan SPM lebih tinggi (P0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan R1 dan R3, akan tetapi metan dan protozoa lebih rendah (P0,05). Suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru sampai 400 ppm meningkatkan secara liner (P0,05) EVFA, SPM, dan propionate, akan tetapi menurunkan rasio A/P, gas metan, total protozoa, dan asetat. Suplementasi ekstrak etanol daun waru pada taraf 400 ppm dan rasio JAP: konsentrat 55:45% BK dapat meningkatkan efisiensi metabolisme rumen. (Rumen metabolism efficiency of rice straw ammoniation and concentrate based diet supplemented with Hibiscus tiliaceus leaf extract in vitro) ABSTRAK. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the interaction between the level of supplementation of ethanolic extracts of waru leaves (Hibiscus tiliaceus) and the ratio of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate on rumen metabolism efficiency and total rumen protozoa in vitro. The research was carried out experimentally designed using a 3 x 3 factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the dry matter (DM) ratio of ammoniated rice straw (ARS) and the concentrates were 45:55 (R1), 55:45 (R2), and 65:35 (R3). The second factor was the supplementation level of ethanolic extracts of waru leaves of 0, 200, and 400 ppm for E0, E1, and E2, respectively. The variables measured were total protozoa and rumen fermentation products, namely microbial protein synthesis (MSP), volatile fatty acids (VFA), N-NH3, methane gas, acetate/propionate (A/P) ratio, and efficiency of glucose conversion to VFA (EVFA). The results showed that there was no interaction (P 0.05) between the ratio of ARS:concentrate and the ethanol extract level of waru leaves on N-NH3, total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, A/P ratio, and (EVFA). The ratio of ARS: concentrate on R2 resulted in higher EVFA and SPM (P0.05) compared to R1 and R3, but lower methane and protozoa (P0.05). Supplementation of waru leaf ethanol extract up to 400 ppm increased linearly (P0.05) EVFA, SPM, and propionate, but decreased A/P ratio, methane gas, total protozoa, and acetate. Supplementation of the ethanolic extracts of waru leaves at the level of 400 ppm and the ratio of ARS:concentrate is 55: 45% increase the efficiency of rumen metabolism.
Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a rare and endangered plant species which has high demand due to its wide uses in medicinal as well as pharmaceutical applications. Therefore,it is imperative to conserve this ...species for future generation to highlight and utilize most stable genotypes for mankind.In this study, systematic analysis was performed on a panel of 135 genotypes of Curcuma caesia for three years (2018, 2019 and 2020) in replicated study to identify superior and stable genotypes which could perform well across varied environments. A total of eleven morphological and essential oil data were recorded for all the studied year. Analysis of variance based on Additive multiplicative mean interaction was performed for all the traits which indicated highly significant Genotype × Environment interaction for the characters like plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves/plant, number of tillers/plant, rhizome yield/plant and essential oil yield at P < 0.005. The principal component 1 and 2of the trait rhizome yield/plant contributed 50.7 % and 49.3 % of the total variation while in essential oil yield, the contribution of principal component 1 and 2towards total variation accounted for 65.8 % and 34.25 % respectively. The stability analysis was performed on rhizome yield/plant (RY) and essential oil yield (EO) since the ultimate goal of the breeder and researchers for varietal development programme of Curcuma caesia is associated with yield components.A total of ten and eleven most stable and superior genotypes were identified for rhizome yield/plant and essential oil yield respectively.The multivariate pattern analyses used in the study were Additive multiplicative mean interaction (AMMI), Weighted average absolute scores (WAAS), GGE biplot and Best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). Additionally, 20 genotypes were revealed through Multi trait stability index (MTSI)which were stable and superior for both the yield traits (RY and EO). These genotypes could be used in crop breeding programme for varietal development. Moreover, this is the first stability study of Curcuma caesia germplasm using different advanced analysis which is efficient and precise for selection of trait specific genotypes.
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•Curcuma caesia is a rare and endangered industrially important crop.•First report on stability analysis performed using 135 germplasm with 3-year evaluation.•GEI, AMMI, BLUP, WAAS, GGE, MTSI performed for broader and precise interpretation.•Ten superior genotypes identified for rhizome yield/plant and eleven for essential oil yield.•Total 20 genotypes showed consistent performance superior for both the yield trait.
Na wstępie przypomniano główne czynniki występujące w zanieczyszczonym powietrzu atmosferycznym oraz ich powiązanie ze sposobami produkcji energii. Omówiono różne źródła energii w aspekcie ...technologii produkcji energii, z uwzględnieniem pierwotnych źródeł energii. Przedstawiono podejmowane w Polsce dwa główne działania na rzecz poprawy jakości powietrza atmosferycznego: Program Czyste Powietrze, zakładający dopłatę do wymienianych indywidualnie użytkowanych kotłów węglowych na ekologiczne lub na ogrzewanie gazowe, oraz Politykę Energetyczną Polski do 2040 roku, która zakłada stopniowe zmniejszanie udziału węgla kamiennego i węgla brunatnego w systemowej produkcji energii. Opisano metan, jako kopalinę towarzyszącą pokładom węgla, oraz sposoby jego ujmowania i zagospodarowania. Na przykładzie przeprowadzonych badań pokazano, jakie znaczenie ma rozpoznanie zasobów i dynamiki złoża w planowaniu ekonomicznie uzasadnionej eksploatacji złoża z kopalń zlikwidowanych. Na koniec wyrażono nadzieję, że z uwagi na dalszy proces restrukturyzacji efektywnościowej polskiego górnictwa, wzrastać będzie znaczenie zagospodarowywania metanu zlikwidowanych kopalń jako proekologicznego źródła energii
Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi prinos bioplina i metana iz gnojovke s dodatkom tri vrste vodenih biljaka (Spirodela polyrhiza, Azolla caroliniana i Lemna minor). Uzgoj tradicionalno korištenih biljaka ...(npr. kukuruz, uljana repica) za dobivanje biogoriva zahtijeva obradive površine, dok se vodene biljke, kao alternativa, mogu prikupiti iz prirode, a zbog jednostavne građe, brzine rasta i povoljnog kemijskog sastava mogu se bez pred-tretmana koristiti kao osnovna ili dopunska sirovina u bioplinskim postrojenjima. Četiri uzorka (kontrola i tri vrste vodenih biljaka) u tri ponavljanja povrgnuta su anaerobnoj digestiji. Različite vrste proizvode različite količine bioplina u odnosu na kontrolu (od 504,83 do 881,62 mL g-1 S.T.). Udio dobivenog metana iznosi od 57,96 do 60,63 % u zavisnosti od biljne vrste. Ovo ukazuje na izuzetan potencijal korištenja ovih vrsta za dobivanje bioplina i metana.
The aim of the study is to determine the yield of biogas and methane from slurry with the addition of three species of aquatic plants (Spirodela polyrhiza,Azolla caroliniana and Lemna ninor). Cultivation of
traditionally used plants (eg.corn, oilseed rape) to produce biofuels requires arable land, while aquatic plants,as an alternative, can be collected from nature, and due to simple structure, growth rate and favorable chemical composition, they can be used as a primary or supplementary raw material in biogas plants without any pre-treatment. Four samples (control and three aquatic plant species) in three replicates were subjected to anaerobic digestion. Different species produce different amounts of biogas compared to the control (from 504.83
to 881.62 mL g-1 DM). The methane content is from 57.96 to 60.63% depending on the plant species. This indicates the tremendous potential of using these species of aquatic plants to produce biogas and methane.
The Yacoraite Formation (Salta rift, Argentina) consists of Maastrichtian–Danian lacustrine carbonate and siliciclastic deposits with interbedded volcanic ash layers, organized in four third‐order ...stratigraphic sequences. It offers the exceptional opportunity to jointly apply in situ zircon and carbonate U‐Pb geochronology that resulted in two distinct depositional age depth models. Ages of the youngest zircon population from ash layers were linearly interpolated to derive a zircon depositional age depth model. A carbonate depositional age depth model was instead obtained from dated carbonate phases including microbialites, ooids, oncoids of calcitic and dolomitic mineralogy as well as early lacustrine calcite cements. Mean ages were defined from different carbonate phases belonging to the same layer and then linearly interpolated. Sedimentation rates were calculated from both depth models between pairs of dated samples and used to estimate the age of sequence boundaries, as well as the duration of the four stratigraphic sequences. The zircon and carbonate depositional age depth models agree with biostratigraphic constraints and exhibit excellent consistency. The onset and end of sedimentation were estimated at 68.2 ± 0.9 Ma and 62.3 ± 0.6 Ma (duration ca 5.7 Ma) via zircon geochronology and at 67.9 ± 1.7 Ma and 61.9 ± 1.3 Ma (duration ca 6.0 Ma) via carbonate geochronology. Results from this study show that with suitable samples and a newly implemented working strategy, in situ U‐Pb dating of depositional and early diagenetic carbonates represent a valuable chronostratigraphic tool for estimating sedimentation rate and duration in poorly time‐framed depositional systems.
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