The high economic value of olive oil has prompted the European Union to support efforts to protect and valorise the olive oil industry through the introduction of designations of origin (PDO/PGI).
...This review provides an overview of the European regulation on certified PDO and PGI extra virgin olive oils highlighting the importance and the impact of these labels. It examines the main fraudulent practices affecting extra virgin olive oil and the methods of analysis used to detect frauds, with a particular focus on DNA-based methods for varietal and sometimes, geographical identification. Moreover, an in-depth study was carried out on the varieties authorized in PDO and PGI extra virgin olive oils in Europe, addressing the issue of synonyms and the availability of SSR marker profiles. Finally, the data collected were used for the detection of private alleles.
All the data and the information collected represent a useful and reliable tool for the varietal traceability and authentication of European PDO and PGI extra virgin olive oils.
•European Geographical Indication protects products with unique characteristics.•The high economic value of olive oil leads to a wide range of frauds.•DNA-based methods allow the authenticity assessment of certified olive oils.•The availability of microsatellite markers is useful for the certified olive oil traceability.•Private alleles detection is an instrument for the agrifood traceability.
In this study we used simulation of genetic parameters based on microsatellite data to investigate the reproductive system of three Hymenaea courbaril L. species populations. Different selfing, ...migration and clonal reproduction rates were tested using the Easypop software. The results suggest the presence of both sexual and clonal reproduction in these populations. The simulated populations showed gradual decrease of the genetic diversity due the low gene flow caused by fragmentation. Due to connectivity importance, it is suggested expanding the area and replacing the explored trees using high genetic diversity germplasm in order to minimize the negative effects of fragmentation.
Neste estudo foram usadas simulações de parâmetros genéticos com base em dados de microssatélites para investigar o sistema reprodutivo de três populações de Hymenaea courbaril L. Foram testadas diferentes taxas de autofecundação, migração e reprodução clonal usando o software Easypop. Os resultados sugerem a presença de reprodução sexual e clonal nessas populações. Houve diminuição gradual da diversidade genética devido ao baixo fluxo gênico ocasionado pela fragmentação. Devido à importância da conectividade, sugere-se a expansão da área e substituição das árvores exploradas por germoplasma de elevada diversidade genética, visando a minimizar os efeitos negativos da fragmentação.
In Croatia, the majority of the common bean production is based on local landraces, grown by small-scale farmers in low input production systems. Landraces are adapted to the specific growing ...conditions and agro-environments and show a great morphological diversity. These local landraces are in danger of genetic erosion caused by complex socio-economic changes in rural communities. The low profitability of farms and their small size, the advanced age of farmers and the replacement of traditional landraces with modern bean cultivars and/or other more profitable crops have been identified as the major factors affecting genetic erosion. Three hundred accessions belonging to most widely used landraces were evaluated by phaseolin genotyping and microsatellite marker analysis. A total of 183 different multi-locus genotypes in the panel of 300 accessions were revealed using 26 microsatellite markers. Out of 183 accessions, 27.32% were of Mesoamerican origin, 68.31% of Andean, while 4.37% of accessions represented putative hybrids between gene pools. Accessions of Andean origin were further classified into phaseolin type II ("H" or "C") and III ("T"), the latter being more frequent. A model-based cluster analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of three clusters in congruence with the results of phaseolin type analysis.
The proper use, further development, testing and deployment of animal genetic resources is essential to enhancement of food security and sustainable intensification of food production. For Red ...Mangalita conservation, we studied four microsatellite markers (SO228, SW72, SW911 and SW936) in order to genetic characterization of two populations. The results showed that both populations are in genetic imbalance, but also indicate high population variability, without the risk of genetic drift.
Oil palm is continually being improved via controlled crossing of selected palms to ensure sustainable yields and productivity. As such, correct parental assignment is important as the presence of ...illegitimates will compromise the progress of improvement. In the present study, we determined the optimal number of microsatellite (SSR) markers for detection of illegitimates in selected oil palm crosses with high confidence. Determining the optimal number of markers to assign parentage will ensure that the DNA fingerprinting will be cost effective for routine use as a quality control tool in oil palm improvement programs. Here, we evaluated a wide range of crosses that included a cross derived from wild germplasm palm. The results revealed that markers with high PIC are informative and detect most of the alleles present in a cross, including those exhibited by the illegitimates. A larger number of optimum sets of markers are needed to detect all illegitimates for crosses with higher levels of genetic diversity. The optimal number of polymorphic SSR markers determined in the present study can ensure that appropriate quality control is implemented for oil palm improvement programs.
The study utilized 9 self-selected polymorphic microsatellite loci to amplify and investigate the genetic diversity and differentiation of Acanthopagrus schlegelii populations in 10 wild populations ...along the Chinese coast. The values of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.4433 to 0.5804, with an average value of 0.5143. The average number of alleles per locus (A) ranged from 3.0000 to 3.4444, with a mean value of 3.2333 and an overall value of 3.6667. The average number of effective alleles per locus (Ae) ranged from 2.0130 to 2.6014, with a mean value of 2.2994 and an overall value of 2.8013. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.4607 to 0.5789, with an average value of 0.5278 and an overall value of 0.5261. The expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.4657 to 0.5967, with an average value of 0.5183 and an overall value of 0.6224. The results of genetic differentiation showed the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) was 0.1806, and the gene flow (Nm) was 1.1342. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated significant genetic differentiation among A. schlegelii populations along the Chinese coast, with the populations being divided into two groups, namely the northern and southern populations. The genetic differentiation structure of the southern population was inconsistent with its geographical distribution. This study utilized microsatellite molecular markers to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of 10 wild A. schlegelii populations along the coast of China. The research results indicate that the genetic diversity of the 10 wild A. schlegelii populations is at a moderate level, with evidence of north-south differentiation. This provides a scientific basis for the conservation, germplasm improvement, and aquaculture of A. schlegelii resources in China. It also offers background information for recent stock enhancement and release projects and their impact on the genetic resources of A. schlegelii.
Bambara groundnut is a valuable leguminous crop with many landraces. A study was carried out to establish genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship, among 33 Bambara groundnut accessions based ...on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The nine microsatellite markers amplified a total of 27 alleles with a mean of 6.00 alleles per locus. Marker P 36 had the highest number of polymorphic bands while makers P131 and P68 were monomorphic. Genetic distance among the accessions based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.84 to 1.00. Cluster analysis resolved the accessions into five major groups with subgroups. Each group had a combination of distinct accessions from different geographical origin. A substantial level of intra-accession polymorphism was obtained among the evaluated collection of Bambara groundnut. The significant genetic diversity observed can support the selection of appropriate parental genotypes for the improvement of Bambara groundnut through various breeding programmes.
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