This volume titled City and War (Miasto i wojna) contains papers written by scholars from Hungary, Poland, and Romania – historians, archaeologists, and museum professionals. These papers discuss the ...functioning of military formations in towns and cities, and their role as an economic or military base or theatre of warfare, as well as the military duties of the town inhabitants and their weapons and other resources. In terms of chronology, the papers included in this volume cover the period from the Middle Ages to the present day.
In this study, I would like to pinpoint the location of the Battle of Brunanburh, which was one of the main battles in the history of the British Isles. To do that this article wasdistributed in four ...parts. The first part will tell the events, which lead to the battle. It will help us to define the motives of the participating armies. After that, a criteria system will be created to filter essential information, leading us to the location of the battle. At the end, I will make my conclusions.
Viking warriors were feared by their contemporaries and their ferocious reputation has survived down to the present day. This book covers the military history of the Vikings from their early raiding ...to the final failure of their expansionist ambitions directed against England. In that period Viking warbands and increasingly large armies had left their Scandinavian homelands to range across vast regions, including the whole of Northern Europe and beyond, even reaching North America. The British Isles were terrorized for two centuries and at times largely conquered, in Normandy, Russia and elsewhere they also settled and founded states. Tough, skilled and resourceful, with a culture that embraced the pursuit of immortal fame and a heroic death in battle, their renown as warriors was second to none. As far afield as Constantinople, the Byzantine emperors employed them as their elite Varangian Guard. Gabriele Esposito outlines the history of their campaigns and battles and examines in detail their strategy, tactics, weapons, armour and clothing. The subject is brought to life by dozens of color photographs of replica equipment in use.
One of the most important questions of human existence is what drives nations to war-especially massive, system-threatening war. Much military history focuses on the who, when, and where of war. In ...this riveting book, Dale C. Copeland brings attention to bear on why governments make decisions that lead to, sustain, and intensify conflicts.
Copeland presents detailed historical narratives of several twentieth-century cases, including World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. He highlights instigating factors that transcend individual personalities, styles of government, geography, and historical context to reveal remarkable consistency across several major wars usually considered dissimilar. The result is a series of challenges to established interpretive positions and provocative new readings of the causes of conflict.
Classical realists and neorealists claim that dominant powers initiate war. Hegemonic stability realists believe that wars are most often started by rising states. Copeland offers an approach stronger in explanatory power and predictive capacity than these three brands of realism: he examines not only the power resources but the shifting power differentials of states. He specifies more precisely the conditions under which state decline leads to conflict, drawing empirical support from the critical cases of the twentieth century as well as major wars spanning from ancient Greece to the Napoleonic Wars.
The article is the result of scientific research regarding the emergence and evolution of the higher economic education in the Logistics of the Romanian Military.The article contains the documentary ...sources that support the emergence and evolution of this type of education and the testimonies of those who carried out the historical acts of its foundation and evolutionary transformation.
On 17 August 1945, two days after the Japanese surrender that also brought an end to the Second World War in Asia, Indonesia declared its independence. The declaration was not recognized by the ...Netherlands, which resorted to force in its attempt to take control of the inevitable process of decolonization. This led to four years of difficult negotiations and bitter warfare. In 2005, the Dutch government declared that the Netherlands should never have waged the war. The government’s 1969 position on the violence used by the Dutch armed forces during the war remained unchanged, however: although there had been ‘excesses’, on the whole the armed forces had behaved ‘correctly’. As the indications of Dutch extreme violence mounted, this official position proved increasingly difficult to maintain. In 2016, the Dutch government therefore decided to fund a broad study on the dynamics of the violence. The most important conclusions of that research programme are summarized in this book. The authors show that the Dutch armed forces used extreme violence on a structural basis, and that this was concealed both at the time and for many years after the war by the Dutch government and by society more broadly. All of this – like the entire colonial history – is at odds with the rose-tinted self-image of the Netherlands.
De Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsoorlog is in Nederland lange tijd aangeduid met versluierende termen als ‘politionele acties’. In werkelijkheid was het een ware oorlog waarin Nederlandse troepen ...met moderne wapens de strijd aangingen. De inzet van artillerie, bommenwerpers en scheepsgeschut werd niet geschuwd in het streven de gewapende ‘opstand’ de kop in te drukken. Wat waren de gevolgen van bombardementen en beschietingen met dergelijk grof geschut? In welke gevallen werden deze middelen ingezet en in hoeverre werd gepoogd burgerslachtoffers te voorkomen? Voor het eerst is op systematische wijze de toepassing van vooral artillerie en luchtstrijdkrachten in de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd onderzocht. Grof geschut biedt zowel statistische overzichten als analyses van gevechten waarbij op grote schaal zware wapens zijn ingezet. Daarbij komt ook de vraag aan de orde hoe de inzet van deze middelen zich verhield tot het geweldsgebruik in het algemeen. Deze studie vormt een onmisbare bijdrage aan onze kennis over de aard en omvang van extreem geweldgebruik door de Nederlandse krijgsmacht in de Indonesische onafhankelijkheidsoorlog.
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