The steppe, where a great part of the Turkic population has been lived, influenced deeply their social, political, religious, judicial and military features. Especially their weaponry can be observed ...in these terms. The main factor of the old Turkic warfare was the horse. Turkic military tactics were shaped around the very speed and manoeuvre capabilities of the horse. Distant warfare based on using bows on the horse helped them to lessen their losses. The classical Turkic tactic known as the Turan tactic or the wolf game realised in three phases: The first phase contains intimidation and attrition. This act aimed at weakening the enemy and they did not hope eventual consequences after that. The second phase is the false retreat. The attackers started to withdraw as if they were defeated; the enemy became surprised and was taken to the field where the attackers had planned to wage the war. The third part of the tactic was to ambush and destroy the enemy. Since the tired enemy came where the attackers had made their preparations, it was not difficult to hit a fatal impact and to win the war. The three factors enabling to use this tactic efficiently were human source, geographical environment and timing. The performer of the strategy is the human-being. The lifestyle of the ancient Turks paved the way to produce able warriors. Indeed, their daily activities were all concerning with military preparations in a sense. Therefore, they were very familiar of the tactics, acts and conditions of the war, which helped also to increase their self-confidence and bravery. Another factor in terms of war strategies is the geographical settings. The effective use of the horse in the steppe led to shape the principal military strategies. Since the armies of the steppe peoples were composed of cavalry troops, they needed the lands suitable to ride speedily and to make manoeuvres easily. It was also very vital to easily access on the horse to the ambush places, usually passes and valleys. The army had to deal with the enemy on a suitable place, but also as mounted. Success was depended on providing those conditions. Controlling the strategical points was conditional for the mounted troop to have upper hand before the enemy. Thus, it became essential in exerting the tactic. They had to know not only when and where, but also how to attack on the enemy. If the estimations promise for a success, then they would start the action. If not, they used to cancel the assault. Scythians, Huns, Kök Türks and the succeeding Turkic peoples applied this strategy very well.
The article examines the organizational staffing and financing of the Department of Military Settlements from 1835 to 1857 in a specific historical study. Research methods. An important aspect of the ...methodological basis is the use of general scientific methods as historical method and elements of the statistical method (coverage of staffing and funding of the Department of Military Settlements of the considered period); and special-historical method as problem-chronological (consideration of the dynamics of events in chronological order analysing the formation of the Department of Military Settlements and its development). The scientific novelty of the work is that the article, for the first time and on the basis of legislative acts comprehensively examines the historical experience of the Department of Military Settlements of the Ministry of War which was one of the important administrative structures during 1835-1857 in the Russian Empire. It has been found that the organization of the Department of Military Settlements was divided into two periods: 1) 1835–1843 and 2) 1843–1857. Conclusions. The establishment of the Department of Military Settlements of the Cavalry during the reign of Emperors Mykola I and Alexander II in the structure of the Ministry of War was a natural requirement of the time, due to the need of increasing efficiency and mobility of management of the cavalry military settlements. The analysis of the organizational structure of the staff list of the Department of Military Settlements shows that since 1843 the powers and responsibilities of the staff have been expanded, management structures have been modernized, and funding has been increased. The activities of the Department of Military Settlements had a systemic and structural structure of all management levels; the division of functions and responsibilities was clearly regulated by law.
2021 THE SHANGHAI LIGHT HORSE Allen, T S
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research,
11/2020, Letnik:
98, Številka:
395
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Uniforms to the Shanghai Volunteer Corps (SVC) are vanishingly rare, with only three extant examples known. According to a history of the SVC quoted by Annand, the Shanghai Light Horse's uniform was ...designed by Charles Danvers Whitty, who had served "in his uncle's Lancer regiment" sometime in the 1860s or '70s. The history says the uniform "closely approximat(ed) that of his old regiment" though the regiment Whitty served in remains uncertain.
Over de grens NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs- Holocaust- en Genocidestudies; Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV); Nederlands Instituut voor Militaire Historie (NIMH)
2022
eBook
Odprti dostop
On 17 August 1945, two days after the Japanese surrender that also brought an end to the Second World War in Asia, Indonesia declared its independence. The declaration was not recognized by the ...Netherlands, which resorted to force in its attempt to take control of the inevitable process of decolonization. This led to four years of difficult negotiations and bitter warfare. In 2005, the Dutch government declared that the Netherlands should never have waged the war. The government’s 1969 position on the violence used by the Dutch armed forces during the war remained unchanged, however: although there had been ‘excesses’, on the whole the armed forces had behaved ‘correctly’. As the indications of Dutch extreme violence mounted, this official position proved increasingly difficult to maintain. In 2016, the Dutch government therefore decided to fund a broad study on the dynamics of the violence. The most important conclusions of that research programme are summarized in this book. The authors show that the Dutch armed forces used extreme violence on a structural basis, and that this was concealed both at the time and for many years after the war by the Dutch government and by society more broadly. All of this – like the entire colonial history – is at odds with the rose-tinted self-image of the Netherlands.
A Model 1859 Sharps percussion .52 caliber carbine rests on his lap and across his shoulder is the leather sling, from which the Sharps carbine would be suspended when the trooper was mounted. Te ...reference to the 4th Ohio Cavalry's monument in the clipping pasted to the in side of the image case is a strong clue that our subject served in this unit. In it, Brandt related how he came to sit for a Huntsville photographer: "Remember that from Bowling Green to Huntsville we were compelled to camp upon the same ground that the Johnnies had camped on, and when we got to Huntsville, the first half of April, it was getting warm.
The regiment, part of Col. Emory Upton's Brigade of the 1st Division in the Sixth Union Army Corps, fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania on May 10 and 12. Richard M. Milstead's interest in American ...military material culture dates from the 1960's and he has been reproducing period uniforms and equipment for over six decades. A graduate of the University of Maryland (BS), MIT (SM), and New York University (PhD), Dick and his partner, Sandy, split their time between Rockport, Maine, and Annapolis, Md. WHITTEMORE'S JACKET is in the collection of National Museum of the United States Army at Fort Belvoir, Va.
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