An unavoidable reciprocal influence characterizes the mother-child dyad. Within this relationship, the presence of depression, somatization, hostility, paranoid ideation, and interpersonal ...sensitivity symptoms at a subclinical level and their possible input on infant motor competences has not been yet considered. Bearing in mind that motor abilities represent not only an indicator of the infant's health-status, but also the principal field to infer his/her needs, feelings and intentions, in this study the quality of infants' movements were assessed and analyzed in relationship with the maternal attitudes. The aim of this research was to investigate if/how maternal symptomatology may pilot infant's motor development during his/her first year of life by observing the characteristics of motor development in infants aged 0-11 months. Participants included 123 mothers and their infants (0-11 months-old). Mothers' symptomatology was screened with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), while infants were tested with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Second Edition. All dyads belonged to a non-clinical population, however, on the basis of SCL-90-R scores, the mothers' sample was divided into two groups: normative and subclinical. Descriptive,
-test, correlational analysis between PDMS-2 scores and SCL-90-R results are reported, as well as regression models results. Both positive and negative correlations were found between maternal perceived symptomatology,
(SOM),
(IS),
(DEP),
(HOS), and
(PAR) and infants' motor abilities. These results were further verified by applying regression models to predict the infant's motor outcomes on the basis of babies' age and maternal status. The presence of positive symptoms in the SCL-90-R questionnaire (subclinical group) predicted good visual-motor integration and stationary competences in the babies. In particular, depressive and hostility feelings in mothers seemed to induce an infant motor behavior characterized by a major control of the environmental space. When mothers perceived a higher level of hostility and somatization, their babies showed difficulties in sharing action space, such as required in the development of stationary positions and grasping abilities. In a completely different way, when infants can rely on a mother with low-perceived symptoms (normative group) his/her motor performances develop with a higher degree of freedom/independence. These findings suggest, for the first time, that even in a non-clinical sample, mother's perceived-symptoms can produce important consequences not in infant motor development as a whole, but in some specific areas, contributing to shape the infant's motor ability and his/her capability to act in the world.
Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the socioeconomic influence in the motor abilities development in 0 to 8 years old infants. Methodology: through the PRIMA checklist, selecting original ...research within 0 to 8 years old range, socioeconomic status and motor abilities, utilizing an instrument or battery with published results within the last 10 years. Through the data bases such as SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO, EBSCO and Dialnet. Results: once only comparing between infants and low socioeconomic status, it was found that these are within the norm, if it is compared with a high status, the motor abilities are lower and in the case of medium socioeconomic status these results are within the norm. Conclusion: in infants of low socioeconomic status the motor abilities are lower compared to those of high socioeconomic status.
Objetivo: realizar una revisión sistemática de la influencia del nivel socioeconómico en el desarrollo de las habilidades motrices en infantes de 0 a 8 años. Metodología: mediante la lista de cotejo PRISMA, seleccionando investigaciones originales en rango de 0 hasta 8 años, nivel socioeconómico y habilidades motrices, habiendo utilizado algún instrumento o batería con resultados publicados en los últimos 10 años. A través de bases de datos como SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO, EBSCO y Dialnet. Resultados: al momento de hacer una comparación únicamente entre infantes de nivel socioeconómico bajo, se encontró que estos aparecen dentro de la norma, pero, si se compara con un nivel más alto, las habilidades motrices son menores y en el caso de nivel socioeconómico medio presentan resultados dentro de la norma. Conclusión: en infantes de nivel socioeconómico bajo las habilidades motrices son menores en comparación con los de nivel socioeconómico más alto.
The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of teaching
physical and health education in the fourth grade of primary school in
relation to the teachers? professional competence. The ...sample of 242
subjects, aged 10, consisted of male and female students of the fourth grade
of elementary schools in Nis, Serbia. The sample included two subsamples,
one consisting of 124 respondents who attended classes under the guidance of
physical and health education teacher (experimental group) and the other of
118 respondents who attended classes under the guidance of generalist
teacher (control group). The teaching content, intended for both groups of
students, was taught during one semester based on the physical and health
education curriculum for the fourth grade of elementary school, and the
concept of the experiment is that one group was guided by a physical and
health education teacher, and the other by a generalist teacher. The sample
of variables included six situational-motor and seven motor tests. The
abilities monitored in this paper (explosive leg strength, speed,
flexibility, balance and situational motor abilities) were tested by initial
and final testing. The results showed that there was a statistically
significant effectiveness of teaching physical and health education on the
development of motor and situational-motor abilities under the guidance of
physical and health education teacher in comparison to classes taught by
generalist teacher.
Background
Children with ADHD frequently suffer from deficits in cognitive (ie, executive functions) and motor abilities. Although medication usually has a positive effect, a lack of commitment and ...possible side effects result in a need for adjunct or alternative treatments. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of cognitively and physically demanding exergaming on executive functions, ADHD symptoms, and motor abilities.
Methods
In a parallel group randomized trial, 51 children between 8‐12 years (M = 10.63; SD = 1.32) diagnosed with ADHD were assigned either to an 8‐week exergame intervention group (three training sessions per week for 30 minutes) or a waiting‐list control group. The core executive functions (inhibition, switching, updating), parent ratings of symptoms, and motor abilities were assessed/gathered before and after the intervention.
Results
Analyses of covariance (using pre‐test values as covariates) revealed that children in the exergame intervention group improved in specific executive functions (reaction times in inhibition and switching), general psychopathology as well as motor abilities compared to control group.
Conclusions
Findings indicate that exergaming might benefit two domains in which frequent deficits can be observed in children with ADHD, executive functions and motor abilities. Given that these beneficial effects in turn might positively affect psychopathology, exergaming could serve as an individualized home‐based intervention in the future. However, in order to maximize benefits and make exergaming a valuable adjunct to treatment for children with ADHD, customized exergames are needed.
The purpose of study is to determine the effectiveness of the influence of strength fitness on the development of motor abilities of high school students.
Materials and methods. The study was ...conducted on the basis of secondary school No. 55 Kharkiv in several stages. During the study, two groups were created: experimental and control. The control and experimental groups included 10 boys of 10 grade each. In the control group, lessons were held on the module “Gymnastics” according to the thematic plan. And in the experimental group the lessons content included: strength fitness, stretching exercises and aerobic combinations. Special attention was paid to the preparation of muscles for performing the exercises of the main part of the lesson - strength training. Research methods: study, synthesis and comparative analysis of literature and other sources on the research issue; observation; questionnaires, diagnosis of well-being, activity, mood according to the WAM method, testing of motor readiness, methods of mathematical statistics.
Results. According to the study results, in the experimental group was found a probable improvement in the state of activity by 11.3 points (p<0.01) and mood by 12.7 points (p<0.01). This indicates the positive impact of strength fitness exercises, modern music accompaniment and the corresponding load on these indicators. In the control group under the program of the variable module “Gymnastics” we observed an improvement in strength abilities such as flexion and extension of the arms in the abutment position by 3.8 (p<0.05). Indicators of motor abilities of students in the experimental group at the end of the trial had probable shifts towards improvement: shuttle run 4×9 m by 0.9 sec. (p<0.01), flexion and extension of the arms in the abutment position by 3.9 times (p<0.05), flexion and extension of the arms in suspension by 1.5 times (p<0.05), bent suspension by 7.4 sec. (p<0.001), jump in length from the place by 7.4 cm (p<0.05), flexibility (torso inclination) by 3.1 cm (p<0.001).
Conclusions. The use of recreational fitness in physical education classes in high school students not only contributes to an increase in the level of motor abilities, but also improves the emotional state of students. Through a combination of physical education, aerobic exercise, stretching, strength fitness, breathing exercises, visualization, high school students noted an improvement in well-being, mood, and activity.
The aim of this research was to determine the differences in motor abilities between two generations of students of the Kinesiology Department with the Faculty of Education in Osijek, as part of ...Basic Kinesiological Transformations course and also to determine the differences based on gender.
Subject sample consisted of 112 students of Kinesiology, of which 53 subjects were from the first generation and 59 subjects from the second.
Tests for assessment of motor abilities of repetitive power and strength were pull-ups, sit-ups, chest presses and back squats.
A significant difference in motor abilities between the two generations of Kinesiology Department students was observed only in the motor test for assessment of repetitive power – pull-ups - among male students, whereby male students of the second generation achieved significantly better results.
Differences between the two generations of female students have not been
observed in any of the assessment tests. While analysing the differences based on gender, it has been observed that male students achieve significantly better results than female students in all the assessment tests of power and strength, except in sit-ups. The reason for the significant differences observed between the two generations of students of the Kinesiology Department only in the test for assessment of repetitive power – pull-ups – probably lies in the fact that the pull-ups, because of the complexity needed for executing them correctly,
have caused a higher degree of motivation while training, whereas other
tests did not appear to be equally motivating. The differences observed
based on gender correspond to standard differences which appear as a result of sexual dimorphism, even though the subjects in question were a
homogenised group of kinesiology students.
Background and Study Aim. The variability of interpopulation morphofunctional traits in humans is closely related to various environmental factors. However, body composition has a significant ...relationship with indicators of physical fitness, human performance, with its adaptation to environmental conditions. The aim of the work is to investigate ethno-territorial variability of morphological characteristics of students studying at Ukrainian universities. Material and methods. Datum were from cross-sectional surveys since 2014 through 2019. Male students aged 18–25 years old (n = 488) of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University from different countries were recruited. Anthropometric methods included body length (BH), body weight (BW), chest girth in three states: at maximum, maximum inspiration and rest; skinfolds thicknesses and epiphysis measurements. Somatometric physical development indicators (body mass index - BMI), Kettle’, Pignet’, Livi’ and Erismann’ indexes) were calculated on the basis of these parameters. Body composition (absolute and relative amounts of skeletal, fat and muscle components) were determined using Matiegka formula. Results. It was found that the average growth of students in European countries is higher compared to students from Asia (9-10%) and Africa (3-5%). Reliably significant differences (p <.05) in body weight indicators between all ethnic groups were found. Students from India are characterized by very low levels of relative body fat. Most representatives of Egypt (61.4%) and Jordan (50.9%) are characterized by moderately high fat content. For representatives of all other countries, this figure is within the optimal ratio. Conclusions. The obtained results showed that anthropometric and morphometric indicators of students aged 18-25 change statistically significantly depending on the ethno-territorial factor. Thus, the study of ethnic variability of morphological characteristics is of great importance for the individualization of physical training of students from other countries in higher education institutions of Ukraine.
This study examined the uniformity of adaptations in cardiorespiratory fitness and bio-motor abilities by analyzing individual responses to measures representing the mentioned qualities. Twenty-four ...male well-trained soccer players (Age = 26 ± 4 years; stature = 181 ± 3.8; Weight = 84 ± 6.1) were randomized to two groups performing short sprint interval training sSIT (3 sets of 10 × 4 s
sprints with 20 s of recovery between efforts and 3 min of rest intervals between sets) or a time-matched small-sided game SSG (3 sets of 3 v 3 efforts in a 20 × 15 m area with 3 min of relief in-between). Before and after the 6-week training period, aerobic fitness indices, cardiac hemodynamics, and anaerobic power were assessed through a graded exercise test utilizing a gas collection system, noninvasive impedance cardiography, and a lower-body Wingate test, respectively. Also, sport-specific bio-motor abilities were determined by measuring linear speed, change of direction, and jumping ability. Comparing inter-individual variability in the adaptive changes by analyzing residuals in individual adaptations indicated that sSIT induces more uniform changes in the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT
& VT
), stroke volume, and peak power output across team members than SSG. SSG also yielded lower proportions of responders in
, VT
, VT
, peak, and average power output compared to sSIT. Additionally, the coefficient of variation in mean group changes in measures of aerobic fitness and bio-motor abilities in response to sSIT were lower than in SSG. Short sprint interval training induces more homogenized adaptations in measures of cardiorespiratory fitness and anaerobic power than small-sided games across team members.
Despite its impact on everyday functioning, spatial perspective-taking has rarely been investigated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and previous findings are surprisingly sparse and inconsistent. ...In the present study, we aimed to investigate spatial perspective-taking abilities in children and adolescents with ASD without intellectual disabilities, comparing them with a group of typically-developing (TD) peers. Our objectives were: (i) to test similarities and differences between these groups in a spatial perspective-taking task; and (ii) to see whether similar or different underlying processes (i.e., fine and gross motor skills, and visuospatial abilities) might account for the groups’ performance in the spatial perspective-taking task. A group of children with ASD (N = 36) was compared with a TD group (N = 39), aged from 8 to 16 years. Participants were administered tasks assessing spatial perspective-taking, fine and gross motor skills, visuo-constructive abilities, visuospatial working memory, visual imagery, and mental rotation. Our results revealed that the ASD group had more difficulty with the spatial perspective-taking task than the TD group. The two groups also had some shared and some different processes that predicted their perspective-taking performance: a significant predictive effect of fine motor skills and visuospatial working memory emerged for both groups, while gross motor skills (i.e. walking heel-to-toe) and visuospatial imagery only revealed a role in the TD group. These findings suggest that different abilities might account for the two groups’ performance in the spatial perspective-taking task. Gross motor skills and complex visuospatial abilities seem to be more important in sustaining spatial perspective-taking ability in typical development than in the event of ASD. Some of the clinical and educational implications of these findings are discussed.