Published by the Naval Justice School, the "Naval Law Review" encourages frank discussion of relevant legislative, administrative, and judicial developments in military and related fields of law. ...This issue of "Naval Law Review" contains the following articles: "Making the Accused Pay for His Crime: A Proposal to Add Restitution as an Authorized Punishment under Rule for Courts-Martial 1003(b)," by Lieutenant Colonel David M. Jones, USMC; "The United States National Security Strategy: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow," by Jane Gilliland Dalton; "Confronting Nomadic Terrorism," by Captain Morris L. Sinor, JAGC, USN (Ret.) and Commander Robin M. Blackwood, JAGC, USN (Ret.); "From Gitmo with Love: Redefining Habeas Corpus Jurisdiction in the Wake of the Enemy Combatant Cases of 2004," by Mitchell B. Malachowski; "Don't Tread on Me: Absence of Jurisdiction by the International Criminal Court over the U.S. and other Non-Signatory States," by Lieutenant Jon Stephens, JAGC, USN; "The Re-Emergence of Nuclear Weapons as 'The Coin of the Realm' and the Return of Nuclear Brinkmanship in South Asia; The Nuclear Sword of Damocles Still Hangs by a Thread," by Commander Kevin M. Brew, JAGC, USN; "The Constitutional Right to Marry...Fundamental Right or Facade? A Review of the Constitutionality of Military Restrictions on the Right to Marry...And Even if They Could...Whether They Should," by Captain Eric S. Montalvo, USMC; and "Military Jurisdiction over Civilian Contractors: A Historical Overview," by Lieutenant Junior Grade David A. Melson, JAGC, USN. This issue also contains a book review of "Torture: A Collection," edited by Sanford Levinson (2004), Oxford University Press, Inc. The review is written by Commander Thomas F. Fichter, JAGC, USNR.
This report analyzes some key aspects of food security, namely production, trade, markets and food aid at the national level, and consumption at the household level. In doing so it aspires to make a ...contribution to the on-going work in Afghanistan regarding the attainment of the poverty and hunger Millennium Development Goal. The major findings of the report can be summarized as follows: Food security (at the national level) does not necessarily require national self-sufficiency in wheat or other food staples, as long as the country has access to international markets. Rather, diversification into legal high-value crops and livestock products may be the most effective means of increasing food security, by generating foreign exchange and raising the incomes and purchasing power of the rural poor. In spite of very difficult conditions, wheat markets in Afghanistan have performed fairly well and private sector international trade has helped to stabilize supply and prices. Therefore, further developing the infrastructure and institutions to support wheat markets and facilitating private sector trade is called for and will enhance food security. At the household level, food insecurity in Afghanistan is largely caused by inadequate access to food resulting from low household incomes. For most of Afghanistan, where availability of food is not a constraint, increasing cash incomes is the more efficient means of enhancing food security of the poor. Development of both private and public capacity for data collection and analysis is a high priority for effective formulation, assessment and implementation of food policies.
•The paper identifies the main policies and strategies to stimulate implementation of industry 4.0 at the EU level, and at the level of individual EU member countries;.•These policies and national ...strategies are compared systematically according to several parameters;.•This is the most comprehensive comparative analysis so far performed on this topic, in the EU context.
All across the European Union (EU), Member States are implementing policies in order to stimulate the adoption of technologies associated to Industry 4.0. This paper provides the most comprehensive comparative analysis so far done of such EU Government programs. At the supranational level, the EU has adopted policies geared to the EU-wide digitalization of industry, aiming also to motivate countries to establish digitalization strategies at the national level. National strategies and plans have been the result of multiple actions involving the interaction of different stakeholders. We identified 25 national Industry 4.0-focused plans between 2011 and 2020. There was considerable asymmetry in the conditions for implementation of policies, and in the assimilation by the market in different EU countries.
The Indonesia Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project (COREMAP) is the first operation supported by the World Bank to focus exclusively on coral reef ecosystems. COREMAP is being implemented ...in 10 provinces over 15 years, during which period the communities are given incentives, training, and resources to protect the coral reefs. Social Development best practice elements identified in this project were: 1) Participatory processes in preparation and implementation; 2) Institutionalized mechanisms for decentralized implementation; and 3) Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of social development outcomes by the government and community. Specific lessons learned were: Participation of local communities in project design builds sustainability and leads to greater ownership. Creating partnerships between local universities and NGOs supports project implementation. Capacity building on the local level enable communities to participate in ecosystem management. Establishing conflict resolution mechanisms facilitates access of different user groups to natural resources.
The rapidly changing landscape of Europe and the changes in the Middle East in the aftermath of the Gulf war combine to shape a critical role For Turkey in the 1990s. Turkeys strategic location, her ...increased importance to NATO Vis a vis the Soviet Union, her economic potential and economic needs, her potential to control critical water resources in the Middle East, and the significance of her military resources all have enormous strategy implications For the United States. Complicating these significant issues are many political sensitivities and uncertainties in dealing with the European Community, the nations of the Middle East, and neighboring states. Therefore, a cogent and consistent U. S. strategy is needed to delineate Turkey's Future role as an ally of the West and a link to the Middle East.
A sample of 5994 twelve to nineteen-year-old males and females, mostly Caucasian, were given a Youth Need Survey including a self-reported delinquency scale and attitude scales measuring variables in ...H.E.W.'s National Strategy for Youth Development model. Scale score correlation matrices obtained from the aggregate data and Caucasian, Black, and Hispanic subsamples were compared with a hypothesis matrix specifying the direction of scale intercorrelations Predictions were met without exception for the aggregate data and Caucasian subsample. Over four-fifths of the correlations were in the specified direction for the Black subsample. Only two-fifths of the correlations met predictions in the Hispanic subsample. Perceived negative labeling by parents, teachers, and peers as well as peer pressure seem more pervasively associated with delinquency than do perceived access to educational and occupational roles.
The emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) related to Industry 4.0 play a critical role to enhance supply chain performance. Employing the smart technologies has led to so-called ...smart supply chains. Understanding how Industry 4.0 and related ICT affect smart supply chains and how smart supply chains evolve with the support of the advanced technologies are vital to practical and academic communities. Existing review works on smart supply chains with ICT mainly rely on the academic literature alone. This paper presents an integrated approach to explore the effects of Industry 4.0 and related ICT on smart supply chains, by combining introduction of the current national strategies in North America, the research status analysis on ICT assisted supply chains from the major North American national research councils, and a systematic literature review of the subject. Besides, we introduce a smart supply chain hierarchical framework with multi-level intelligence. Furthermore, the challenges faced by supply chains under Industry 4.0 and future research directions are discussed as well.
