Entrepreneurship research typically emphasizes firm-level outcomes such as growth and performance. However, people pursue entrepreneurship for deeply personal, idiosyncratic reasons. Therefore, as in ...other self-organized human pursuits, how entrepreneurship relates to fulfillment and well-being is of utmost importance. In this paper, we provide an overview of the well-being concept, related research, and its connection to entrepreneurship. We define entrepreneurial well-being as the experience of satisfaction, positive affect, infrequent negative affect, and psychological functioning in relation to developing, starting, growing, and running an entrepreneurial venture. We explain this definition of entrepreneurial well-being and review significant developments in our field and the broader field of well-being. Highlights of social, technological and institutional trends illustrate key areas for future research that can enhance our understanding of these phenomena. The eight papers in this special issue focus on entrepreneurial well-being each offering a specific perspective on how scholars can theorize and study the antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurship related to well-being.
•The special issue explores the relationship between entrepreneurship and well-being.•We offer a definition of well-being that integrates hedonic and eudaimonic perspectives.•The eight papers in the special issue offer a multidisciplinary view by drawing on various theoretical traditions, data sources, measurement, and empirical approaches.•We offer six directions for future research that call for embedding the conversation in the context of socio-economic change.•We highlight alternative methodological approaches that can be used to explore the topic.
Trait mindfulness appears to be related to lower levels of negative affective symptoms, but it remains uncertain which facets of mindfulness are most important in this relationship. Accordingly, the ...present meta-analysis examined studies reporting correlations between affective symptoms and trait mindfulness as assessed by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. A comprehensive search yielded 148 eligible studies, comprising 157 distinct samples and 44,075 participants. The weighted mean correlation for affective symptoms and overall trait mindfulness was r = −0.53. Among mindfulness facets, Nonjudge (r = −0.48) and Act with Awareness (r = −0.47) demonstrated the largest correlations, followed by Nonreact (r = −0.33) and Describe (r = −0.29). Observe was not significantly correlated with affective symptoms. No significant differences in the strength of correlations were found between anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, though symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder exhibited a weaker negative relationship with the Describe facet compared to PTSD symptoms. Describe also showed a stronger relationship with affective symptoms in Eastern samples compared to Western samples, whereas Western samples had a stronger relationship with Nonjudge. These results provide insight into the nature of the association between trait mindfulness and negative affect.
•Higher trait mindfulness is associated with fewer negative affective symptoms.•Relationships with symptoms vary across different mindfulness facets.•Nonjudging and Acting with Awareness show the strongest correlations.•Observing is not meaningfully correlated with symptoms in non-meditators.•Relationships were mostly consistent across symptom type (e.g. anxiety, depression).
•Increased pregnancy adiponectin was associated with lower infant negative affect.•Pregnancy Adiponectin mediated the effect of pregnancy adiposity on infant negative affect.•Greater cord blood ...leptin was associated with increased negative affect.•Pregnancy adipokines may be novel biomarkers of offspring risk for psychopathology.
Increased adiposity during pregnancy may be related to offspring risk for mental health disorders, although the biological mechanisms are poorly understood. One promising hypothesis is that factors secreted from adipocytes such as leptin and adiponectin may explain this association. The current study examined whether pregnancy or umbilical cord blood concentrations of leptin and/or adiponectin a) predict elevated infant negative affect at 6 months (an early life marker of risk for psychopathology); and b) help explain the association between pregnancy adiposity and increased infant negative affect.
Data came from a prospective cohort (N = 305) of pregnant individuals and their offspring. Second trimester adiposity was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Concentrations of leptin and adiponectin were measured in second trimester plasma and umbilical cord plasma. Infant negative affect was assessed by standardized observation at 6 months. Second trimester inflammation was assessed using a comprehensive panel of cytokines.
Lower second trimester adiponectin was associated with elevated infant negative affect, and mediated the effect of pregnancy adiposity on infant negative affect. This association was independent of the effect of second trimester inflammation. Umbilical cord leptin also predicted higher infant negative affect and mediated the association between pregnancy adiposity and infant negative affect.
This is the first study to link pregnancy adiponectin or cord blood leptin to infant markers of risk for psychopathology, and the first to demonstrate that these adipokines mediate the association between pregnancy adiposity and offspring behavioral outcomes, suggesting novel markers of risk and potential mechanisms of effect.
•Identification of early distress may be useful in prevention of suicide transmission in families.•Children of mothers who have a suicide risk history are considered at-risk.•Maternal history of ...suicidal thoughts and behaviors predicts preschooler aggression.
Maternal history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been identified as a robust risk factor for offspring emotional and behavioral problems, including risk for offspring STBs. The impact of maternal history of STBs has been well-documented in adolescent and young adult samples, with emerging research highlighting the need to examine early clinical correlates of risk in young children, prior to the emergence of STBs. In an extension of prior work, the current study examined associations between maternal history of STBs and previously identified emotional and behavioral correlates of STBs (negative affect, internalizing problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior) in young children. These associations were examined in a mother-preschooler sample (n = 158, mean preschooler age=41.52 months) with approximately half of mothers endorsing a history of STBs and 20 % of the sample scoring at the threshold that indicates suicide risk. In multivariate models, maternal history of STBs was significantly associated with preschooler aggressive behavior, assessed via mother- (β=0.19) and teacher-report (β=0.21), as well as mother-reported negative affect (β=0.22). Results document a link between maternal history of STBs and increased risk for heightened negative affect and aggressive behavior at home and school during the sensitive preschool period. Findings are discussed within the context of enhancing models of intergenerational transmission suicide risk.
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 has forced governments to impose a lockdown, and many people have suddenly found themselves having to reduce their social relations drastically. Given the exceptional ...nature of similar situations, only a few studies have investigated the negative psychological effects of forced social isolation and how they can be mitigated in a real context. In the present study, we investigated whether the amount of digital communication technology use for virtual meetings (i.e., voice and video calls, online board games and multiplayer video games, or watching movies in party mode) during the lockdown promoted the perception of social support, which in itself mitigated the psychological effects of the lockdown in Italy. Data were collected in March 2020 (
= 465), during the lockdown imposed to reduce the COVID-19 spread. The results indicated that the amount of digital technology use reduced feelings of loneliness, anger/irritability, and boredom and increased belongingness
the perception of social support. The present study supported the positive role of digital technologies in maintaining meaningful social relationships even during an extreme situation such as a lockdown. Implications such as the need to reduce the digital divide and possible consequences of the ongoing pandemic are discussed.
Previous research indicates that sleep difficulties and stress are prevalent in college students. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the role of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), ...cognitive emotion regulation, and negative affect as mediators of the relationship between stress and sleep difficulties. We also intended to analyse the associations between all these variables and the gender differences. A sample of 549 college students completed self-report measures assessing the mentioned variables. Descriptive and correlational analyses showed significant differences between genders. In total sample, sleep difficulties were positively associated with perceived stress, negative affect, RNT and cognitive emotional strategies (rumination, self-blaming, catastrophizing, and acceptance). Mediation analyses suggested that in addition to the direct effect of stress on sleep difficulties, rumination and negative affect were important mediators in this relationship (after controlling gender). RNT did not mediate this association; however it was significantly associated to rumination and/or negative affect. These findings suggest that the effect of stress on sleep difficulties is strengthened by rumination and/or negative affect. The negative impact of RNT (content free) only occurs if associated to rumination and/or negative affect.
•Stress has a direct effect (after gender control) on sleep difficulties.•Rumination mediates the effect of repetitive thinking in sleep difficulties.•Negative affect mediates the effect of repetitive thinking in sleep difficulties.
Numerous studies emphasise the pivotal role of negative affect in the formation and maintenance of positive symptoms, which moves emotion regulation (ER) as a contributing factor into focus. We ...systematically reviewed and meta-analysed case-control studies reporting cross-sectional, correlative and experimental data of ER strategies in patients with psychotic disorders. In total, 42 studies were eligible, providing data for 2498 subjects and 3381 healthy controls. Questionnaire-based cross-sectional data (k=39) indicated strongest effects for rumination (g=-0,67 -0,85 to -0,48), self-blaming (g=-0,56; -0,76 to -0,37) and distraction (g=0,55 0,11 to 0,98). Suppression was more frequently (g=-0,36 -0,56 to -0,16) and cognitive reappraisal less frequently used (g=0,41 0,28 to 0,55), but heterogeneity was high. Correlative data (k=6) supported the assumption of an association between maladaptive strategies and positive symptoms (r=0,34 0,22 to 0,44). Less evidence of group differences was found in the experimental studies (k=3). The findings support the notion that ER is markedly impaired in patients with psychotic disorders. However, future research will need to further clarify the extent to which difficulties continue to exist after controlling for context and emotion intensity. The large effects for rumination and self-blaming point to promising treatment targets but also raise questions concerning the specifity of findings.
•Emotion regulation (ER) is markedly impaired in patients with psychotic disorders.•Maladaptive ER is more frequently and adaptive ER less frequently used.•Maladaptive but not adaptive ER strategies are associated with severity of positive symptoms.•No differences are evident in experimental studies, in which patients were instructed to use ER strategies.
The present study examined trajectories of trait positive and trait negative affect as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule across the lifespan. Increasing levels of measurement ...invariance of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were tested across a wide age range (18-99 years of age; 10 age groups) in a large sample (
= 3,309; 65.82% women; 74.22% with a university entrance diploma; 92.23% with German as their mother tongue). Strong invariance was established so that the latent factor means of positive and negative affect could be meaningfully compared across age groups. Age had a small effect on positive affect, which showed a reversed U-shaped function with a maximum between the ages of 40 and 50. For negative affect, there was a strong cubic age effect. Specifically, negative affect decreased until about the age of 70 and then increased again. We also found a negative covariance between positive and negative affect, which first increased slightly and then decreased across age groups until becoming positive in the oldest age group. In summary, the present study supports previous findings on age trajectories of positive and negative affect but also highlights the importance of testing for measurement invariance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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