Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gum condition that is more prevalent in older populations. The development of periodontal disease has been directly linked to inflammatory dietary ...habits.
This systematic review aimed to 1) describe the relationship and 2) describe the direction of the relationship between dietary intake (nutrients and food groups) and periodontal disease in community-dwelling, older adults. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review.
A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, Science Direct, Informit, and Cochrane Library was conducted from the earliest possible date until September 2018. Search terms were related to main themes: "periodontal disease," "gingivitis," "gum diseases," "dietary intake" and "older adults." The search produced 779 records, and after additional publications were obtained and duplicates were removed, 666 publications underwent title and abstract screening. Included papers were written in English and were based on populations of healthy, older adults living in community-based settings. Nine papers met inclusion criteria and were included in this review.
Sample size, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, periodontal measures, dietary measures, confounders, and results were sorted by study type, author, year, and country.
Quality of the extracted data was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.
Inverse associations were found between fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, fiber, calcium, dairy, fruits, and vegetables and risk of periodontal disease. Overall, this review found a relationship between poor dietary intake and increased risk of periodontal disease; however, this needs to be further explored.
PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42017065022.
Combination of new complete denture fabrication and tailored dietary counseling is necessary to improve nutrient intake of the edentulous elderly. However, there is no evidence on the effect of ...simple dietary advice combined with new complete denture fabrication on the nutrient intake of the edentulous elderly. The aim of this study was to clarify the combined effect of new complete denture fabrication and simple dietary advice, using a uniform pamphlet, on the nutrient intake and masticatory function of edentulous elderly. The null hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the nutrient intake and masticatory function between edentulous elderly patients provided with simple dietary advice and new complete dentures and those provided with new dentures alone.
A double-blind, randomized-controlled, parallel clinical trial was performed on the healthy edentulous elderly who were required to fabricate a new pair of complete denture. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, and each group received different advice: the intervention group received simple dietary advice using a uniform pamphlet, whereas the control group received denture care advice. During the process of new complete denture fabrication, two 20-min one-on-one advice sessions were conducted by a dentist. The primary outcome of this trial was protein intake, which was calculated from the responses in the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). Secondary outcome was masticatory function, which was measured with a color-changeable chewing gum and a test gummy jelly. Outcome assessment was conducted twice, at baseline and at 3 months post-treatment.
Among 70 participants who were randomized, 62 completed this trial. Protein intake in the intervention group significantly increased compared with that in the control group. Masticatory function was not significantly different between groups, but significantly increased at 3 months post-treatment compared with the baseline in both groups.
Simple dietary advice using a uniform pamphlet and a new complete denture fabrication increased nutrient intake and masticatory function of healthy edentulous elderly.
https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000020716 UMIN000017879.
Traditionally, nutrition research has focused on individual nutrients, and more recently dietary patterns. However, there has been relatively little focus on dietary intake at the level of a ‘meal’. ...The purpose of the present paper was to review the literature on adults' meal patterns, including how meal patterns have previously been defined and their associations with nutrient intakes and diet quality. For this narrative literature review, a comprehensive search of electronic databases was undertaken to identify studies in adults aged ≥ 19 years that have investigated meal patterns and their association with nutrient intakes and/or diet quality. To date, different approaches have been used to define meals with little investigation of how these definitions influence the characterisation of meal patterns. This review identified thirty-four and fourteen studies that have examined associations between adults' meals patterns, nutrient intakes and diet quality, respectively. Most studies defined meals using a participant-identified approach, but varied in the additional criteria used to determine individual meals, snacks and/or eating occasions. Studies also varied in the types of meal patterns, nutrients and diet quality indicators examined. The most consistent finding was an inverse association between skipping breakfast and diet quality. No consistent association was found for other meal patterns, and little research has examined how meal timing is associated with diet quality. In conclusion, an understanding of the influence of different meal definitions on the characterisation of meal patterns will facilitate the interpretation of the existing literature, and may provide guidance on the most appropriate definitions to use.
Revised reference values for selenium intake Kipp, A.P.; Strohm, D.; Brigelius-Flohé, R. ...
Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology,
10/2015, Letnik:
32
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The German, Austrian and Swiss nutrition societies are the joint editors of the ‘reference values for nutrient intake’. They have revised the reference values for the intake of selenium and published ...them in February 2015. The saturation of selenoprotein P (SePP) in plasma is used as a criterion for the derivation of reference values for selenium intake in adults. For persons from selenium-deficient regions (China) SePP saturation was achieved with a daily intake of 49μg of selenium. When using the reference body weights the D-A-CH reference values are based upon, the resulting estimated value for selenium intake is 70μg/day for men and 60μg/day for women. The estimated value for selenium intake for children and adolescents is extrapolated using the estimated value for adults in relation to body weight. For infants aged 0 to under 4 months the estimated value of 10μg/day was derived from the basis of selenium intake via breast milk. For infants aged 4 to under 12 months this estimated value was used and taking into account the differences regarding body weight an estimated value of 15μg/day was derived. For lactating women compared to non-lactating women a higher reference value of 75μg/day is indicated due to the release of selenium with breast milk. The additional selenium requirement for pregnant women is negligible, so that no increased reference value is indicated.
Background: Food and eating behaviors can be related to nutrition as well as sleep for healthy society.
Objectives: The aim of the study is to examine the eating behaviors of adolescents and the ...effect of some foods on sleep quality in adolescence.
MethodS: The study was carried out as a survey model of 580 adolescents in Konya, Turkey. The questionnaire consists of demographic features and anthropometric measurements, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Eating Behavior Scale (EBS), and 24-hour recalled food consumption record used for evaluation of daily nutrient intakes. The SPSS (ver. 22) software was used to analyze the data.
Results: PSQI score was 5.79±0.17 in girls and 5.27±0.15 in boys, with a significant difference (p=0.022) and sleep quality was found to be good in 42.4% and poor in 57.6%. Sleep duration (p=0.011), sleep disturbances (p=0.002), daytime dysfunction (p=0.000) were differed by gender. The mean of EBS score was found to be 211.04±61.32, differed between girls and boys (p<0.05). Also, the EBS score differed by night eating (p=0.000). Total energy (p=0.001), protein (p=0.001), carbohydrate (p=0.003), B1 (p=0.028), B6 (p=0.006), niacin (p=0.000), folic acid (p=0.001), B12 (, Zn, and Fe daily intake changed between girls and boys (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Adolescents with poor sleep quality, poor eating behavior should consider night eating is to determine if it may be associated with their sleep.
2019년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 기반으로 선정된 19세 이상 성인 5,060명 중 대사증후군의 진단 기준에 따라 증상을 3개 이상 가진 대사증후군 그룹이 1,846명, 1~2개를 나타내는 주의 그룹이 1,932명, 증상이 없는 정상 그룹이 1,282명으로 나타났다. 이 중에서 주의 그룹의 비율이 남자 40.0 %, 여자 37.0%로 남녀 모두 가장 ...높았고 남자는 정상 그룹의 비율이 낮고 여자는 대사증후군 그룹의 비율이 가장 낮았다(P<0.001). 주의 그룹은 다시 증상 수에 따라 1가지 증상 하위 그룹, 2가지 증상 하위 그룹으로, 대사증후군 그룹은 3가지와 4가지(5가지 포함) 증상 하위 그룹으로 분류되었고 남녀 모두 정상 그룹(증상 수 0)의 비율이 가장 높다가 증상 수가 많아질수록 그 비율이 점점 낮아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 증상 수 1가지 이하인 경우는 여자의 비율이 높고 2~5가지 증상 그룹은 남자의 비율이 높았다. 연령대, 가구 소득, 교육 수준 모두 대사증후군 증상에 따른 그룹 분류와 유의한 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났고(P<0.001), 연령대가 증가할수록 대사증후군 그룹의 비율이 높았으며 가구 소득과 교육 수준이 높을수록 대사증후군 그룹의 비율이 감소하였다. 정상, 주의, 대사증후군 그룹 간의 영양소 섭취량을 비교한 결과 대사증후군 그룹은 단백질, 지질은 적게, 탄수화물은 많이 섭취하였다(P<0.05). 당류는 정상 그룹이, 식이섬유는 대사증후군 그룹의 섭취량이 높게 나타났다(P<0.001). SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-6 FA, 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 정상 그룹, 주의 그룹, 대사증후군 그룹으로 갈수록 섭취량이 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다(P<0.001). 인, β-카로틴, 엽산, 레티놀, 리보플라빈, 니아신 섭취량이 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 대사증후군의 증상 수에 따라 분류된 하위 그룹의 영양소 섭취량을 비교한 결과 1가지 증상 하위 그룹 간에는 에너지, 지질, PUFA, n-6 FA, 나트륨 섭취량에서 차이를 보였는데(P<0.05) 모든 영양소의 섭취량이 가장 높은 그룹은 T, 가장 낮은 그룹은 H였다. 2가지 증상 하위 그룹에서는 에너지, 단백질, 지질, PUFA, n-6 FA, 콜레스테롤, 철분, 티아민, 니아신 섭취량에서 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 에너지 섭취량이 가장 높은 그룹은 G+T이고 가장 낮은 그룹은 O+H였다. PUFA와 n-6 FA는 G+T가 가장 높고 O+H가 가장 낮으며, 콜레스테롤은 G+H 그룹이 가장 높고 P+H 그룹이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 철분과 니아신은 P+T, 티아민은 O+G 그룹에서 가장 높게 나타났고 3가지 영양소 모두 O+H 그룹에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3가지 증상 하위 그룹에서는 에너지, 단백질, 지질, SFA, PUFA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA, 콜레스테롤, 인, 나트륨, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신에서 유의한 섭취량 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 에너지, 단백질, 지질, SFA와 콜레스테롤 섭취량은 O+P+T 그룹에서 가장 높고 O+P+H 그룹에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. PUFA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA는 O+H+T 그룹에서 가장 높고 n-6 FA는 P+G+H 그룹에서, PUFA와 n-3 FA는 P+H+T 그룹에서 낮게 나타났다. 인과 티아민은 P+G+T 그룹에서, 나트륨, 리보플라빈과 니아신은 O+P+T 그룹에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 인, 나트륨, 티아민과 리보플라빈은 O+P+H 그룹에서, 니아신은 P+G+H 그룹에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 4가지(5가지 포함) 증상을 나타내는 하위 그룹은 에너지, 단백질, 지질, SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-6 FA, 콜레스테롤, 인, 나트륨, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 니아신에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 에너지와 단백질 섭취량은 O+P+G+T 그룹에서 가장 높았고 O+P+G+H+T 그 ... This study compared the nutrient intakes of normal (0), caution (1∼2), and metabolic syndrome (≥3, MS) groups, classified by the number of metabolic syndrome diagnosing criteria using data from the eighth (2019) KNHANES. The caution group was the largest group. Male, older age, lower household income and education level increased the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Intakes of protein, lipid, and dietary fiber were higher in the MS group than in the normal group, but intakes of carbohydrates and sugars were higher in the normal group. Intakes of energy, lipid, PUFA, n-6 FA, and sodium were significantly different among the one-symptom subgroups of the caution group, and T (high blood triglyceride) group showed the highest intake amounts for all and the H (low blood HDL-cholesterol) group the lowest. Intakes of protein, cholesterol, and iron were significantly different in intakes of the two-symptoms subgroups, additionally to the one-symptom subgroups. Intakes of energy, protein, fat, SFA, PUFA, n-3 FA, n-6 FA, cholesterol, phosphorus, sodium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin were significantly different in the 3-symptoms subgroups of the MS group, and these intakes were also significantly different in the 4∼5 symptoms subgroups except for MUFA and n-3 FA. These results represented that nutrient intakes differ among the groups with different degrees of metabolic syndrome and suggests that dietary patterns should be modified accordingly. KCI Citation Count: 0
In recent years, vegetarian and vegan diets became increasingly important as they are associated with beneficial health outcomes. Therefore, the NuEva study compares the impact of flexitarian, ...vegetarian, or vegan diets with omnivorous nutritional habits on nutrient intake and risk factors for non-communicable diseases.
A dietary protocol was kept over five days and blood and 24h urine samples were collected to examine the impact of dietary habits omnivores,
= 65 (Median/Interquartile range: 33/17 yrs.), flexitarians,
= 70 (30/17 yrs.), ovo-lacto vegetarians,
= 65 (28/14 yrs.), vegans,
= 58 (25/10 yrs.) on nutrient intake, nutrient concentrations in plasma, serum or 24h urine, body composition, and blood lipids.
The increased exclusion of animal based foods in the diet (omnivores < flexitarians < vegetarians < vegans) is associated with a decreased intake of energy, saturated fat, cholesterol, disaccharides, and total sugar as well an increased intake of dietary fibers, beta carotene, vitamin E and K. The combined index of the B12 status (4cB12 score) in vegetarians (0.02/0.75) was lower compared to omnivores (0.34/0.58;
≤ 0.05) and flexitarians (0.24/0.52;
≤ 0.05). In omnivores vitamin A, vitamin E, ferritin, and the urinary excretion of selenium, iodine, and zinc were higher than in vegans (
≤ 0.05). In contrast, vegans had the highest concentrations of biotin, folate, and vitamin C. Flexitarians, vegetarians, and vegans had a lower body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage in comparison to omnivores (
≤ 0.05). In omnivores the concentrations on total cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, LDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein B/ apolipoprotein A1 ratio were higher than in vegetarians and vegans (
≤ 0.05).
The NuEva study confirms the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that adequately planned vegetarian diets are healthy, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases. Nevertheless, critical nutrients were identified for all groups studied. This highlights the need to develop individual nutritional concepts to ensure an adequate nutrient intake.
Two core nutrient intake reference values (NRVs) are required for assessing the adequacy and safety of nutrient intakes for population groups: the average requirement (AR) and the tolerable upper ...level of intake (UL). Applications of such assessments include providing advice to improve intakes, formulating complementary foods, estimating the amounts of nutrients to be added to fortified foods and monitoring changes in intake, and product labeling at the global, national, or regional level. However, there is a lack of unity across country-level organizations in the methodological approach used to derive NRVs, and ARs and ULs are lacking in many compilations, thus limiting the ability to assess nutrient intakes for their population groups. Because physiological requirements vary little across populations globally, and setting reference values requires determining an acceptable level of uncertainty, it is feasible to adapt current recommendations from different sources to harmonize these core reference values. The objective of this review is to demonstrate an approach for harmonizing the NRVs for ARs (here termed “H-ARs”) and ULs (“H-ULs”) that can be applied on a global scale to assessing intakes across populations. The approach incorporates the framework and terminology recommended by reports from the United Nations University, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). After reviewing available alternatives, the proposed harmonized values were selected from standards set by EFSA (for Europe) and the IOM (for the United States and Canada), giving priority to those published most recently. Justifications for the proposed values are presented, along with discussion of their limitations. Ideally, these methods should be further reviewed by an international group of experts. Meanwhile, the H-ARs and H-ULs suggested in this review can be used to assess intakes of populations for many applications in global and regional contexts.
Background
The low‐FODMAP diet is a frequently used treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Most research has focused on short‐term FODMAP restriction; however, guidelines recommend that ...high‐FODMAP foods are reintroduced to individual tolerance. This study aimed to assess the long‐term effectiveness of the low‐FODMAP diet following FODMAP reintroduction in IBS patients.
Methods
Patients with IBS were prospectively recruited to a questionnaire study following completion of dietitian‐led low‐FODMAP education. At baseline and following FODMAP restriction (short term) only, gastrointestinal symptoms were measured as part of routine clinical care. Following FODMAP reintroduction, (long term), symptoms, dietary intake, acceptability, food‐related quality of life (QOL), and healthcare utilization were assessed. Data were reported for patients who continued long‐term FODMAP restriction (adapted FODMAP) and/or returned to a habitual diet (habitual).
Key Results
Of 103 patients, satisfactory relief of symptoms was reported in 12% at baseline, 61% at short‐term follow‐up, and 57% at long‐term follow‐up. At long‐term follow‐up, 84 (82%) patients continued an ‘adapted FODMAP’ diet (total FODMAP intake mean 20.6, SD 14.9 g/d) compared with 19 (18%) of patients following a ‘habitual’ diet (29.4, SD 22.9 g/d, P=.039). Nutritional adequacy was not compromised for either group. The ‘adapted FODMAP’ group reported the diet cost significantly more than the ‘habitual’ group (P<.001) and affected social eating (P<.01) but there was no effect on food‐related QOL. Healthcare utilization was similar between both groups.
Conclusion and Inferences
Low‐FODMAP education is effective for long‐term IBS management, enables a nutritionally adequate diet, and is broadly acceptable to patients.
This study assessed the long‐term impact of the low‐FODMAP diet on clinical response, dietary intake, patient acceptability, food‐related QOL, and healthcare use. Over half of patients report long‐term symptom relief, the diet is nutritionally adequate, and acceptable to patients. The findings support using the low‐FODMAP diet for long‐term IBS management. Baseline; Short‐term follow‐up; Long‐term follow‐up.
Dietary supplement (DS) use is widespread in the United States and contributes large amounts of micronutrients to users. Most studies have relied on data from 1 assessment method to characterize the ...prevalence of DS use. Combining multiple methods enhances the ability to capture nutrient exposures from DSs and examine trends over time.
The objective of this study was to characterize DS use and examine trends in any DS as well as micronutrient-containing (MN) DS use in a nationally representative sample of the US population (≥1 y) from the 2007-2018 NHANES using a combined approach.
NHANES obtains an in-home inventory with a frequency-based dietary supplement and prescription medicine questionnaire (DSMQ), and two 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs). Trends in the prevalence of use and selected types of products used were estimated for the population and by sex, age, race/Hispanic origin, family income poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), and household food security (food-secure vs. food-insecure) using the DSMQ or ≥ 1 24HR. Linear trends were tested using orthogonal polynomials (significance set at P < 0.05).
DS use increased from 50% in 2007 to 56% in 2018 (P = 0.001); use of MN products increased from 46% to 49% (P = 0.03), and single-nutrient DS (e.g., magnesium, vitamins B-12 and D) use also increased (all P < 0.001). In contrast, multivitamin-mineral use decreased (70% to 56%; P < 0.001). In adults (≥19 y), any (54% to 61%) and MN (49% to 54%) DS use increased, especially in men, non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics, and low-income adults (PIR ≤130%). In children (1-18 y), any DS use remained stable (∼38%), as did MN use, except for food-insecure children, whose use increased from 24% to 31% over the decade (P = 0.03).
The prevalence of any and MN DS use increased over time in the United States. This may be partially attributed to increased use of single-nutrient products. Population subgroups differed in their DS use.
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