Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- This research is focused on prosodic features: speech rate (i.e. tempo),
pitch and loudness as markers of direct quotation. The aim ...of this research
is to find out in which ways the speaker uses prosodic features to separate
quoted material from his own actual speech. Along with that layer of
marking quoted speech, the layer of paralinguistic features is investigated
as well. In this research, paralinguistic features are divided into two
main categories: modifications of voice quality (nasalisation, shrieky
voice, etc.) and gestures that accompany speech. Since this research is in
the scope of conversational analysis, these prosodic features were
investigated by focusing on the auditory, functional aspect of speech. Our
corpus consisted of 10 hours of video-recorded TV talk-shows and 10 hours of
audiorecorded spontaneous private conversations, which were transcribed and
annotated for prosodic variations and paralinguistic features. We analysed
these prosodic features in the cases of quotation with lexicalsyntactic
framings (verba dicendi and the new quotatives) and without this type of
framings. Our analysis shows that the prosodic shifts can have very
important role in delimitating speaker’s actual speech from quoted speech,
whether introduced by the means of lexical-syntactic quotatives or not.
Prosodic and paralinguistic features were crucial in the cases where no
lexical-syntactic quotative was present. In the situations of quoting, the
speaker uses variations in prosody and changes in paralinguistic layer of
speech not only to delimitate his words from the words of ”original”
speaker, but also in order to ”immitate” the ”original” speaker(s), to
create listener’s involvement, to evaluate the “original” utterance /
speaker / context. Comparing the situations of quoting in the formal and
informal conversations, our results show that the changes in prosody and in
paralinguistic layer were greater in informal situations, regardless of the
type of lexical-syntactic marker, or the presence / absence of lexical
marker. In fact, the general assumption that the usage of prosodic and
paralinguistic features will be richer if the quotation is introduced by the
new quotative (“like”, “go”, etc) than in cases where quotation is
introduced by usual verba dicendi was proved wrong. The results of this
research show that prosodic features can play significant role in framing
quoted speech, but not always all prosodic features simultaneously frame
quoted speech. In other words, the changes in different prosodic features
can have different roles in marking quoted material: the change in a
certain prosodic feature, for example speech rate, can mark the beginning
of quotation, and some other prosodic feature, such as change in loudness,
can mark the end of quotation. Apart from that, changes in prosody in the
complex fenomenon like quoted speech should not be investigated separately,
but, we argue, along with paralinguistic features, which have very
important supporting role in face-to-face conversations.- U fokusu ovog istraživanja su promene na planu prozodije (u tempu govora,
visini glasa, glasnoći) koje se dešavaju prilikom direktnog citiranja. Cilj
ovog istraživanja je pronaći na koje načine govornik koristi prozodijska
obeležja da bi odvojio citirani materijal od ostatka svog iskaza. Pored
ovog sloja markiranja citiranog govora pratili smo i sloj paralingvističkih
obeležja. U ovom istraživanju pod paralingvističkim obeležjima se
podrazumevaju modifikacije glasa (nazalizacija, škriputav glas, itd.) sa
jedne strane, i gestovi koji prate govor, sa druge strane. S obzirom da je
ovo istraživanje u domenu konverzacione analize, ova prozodijska obeležja
su analizirana sa auditivnog aspekta, a ne sa akustičkog aspekta. Načinjen
je korpus od 10 sati video-snimaka televizijskih emisija razgovornog tipa i
10 sati audio-snimaka spontanih privatnih razgovora, koji je zatim
transkribovan, i anotirani su prozodijski i paralingvistički elementi.
Analizirali smo ova prozodijska obeležja u slučajevima citiranja gde je
prisutan leksičko-sintaksički marker (verba dicendi i novi markeri
citiranja) i gde citiranje nije bilo markirano leksičko-sintaksički. Naša
analiza pokazuje da promene u prozodijskim obeležjima imaju vrlo značajnu
ulogu u odvajanju citiranog govora od ostatka iskaza aktuelnog govornika,
bez obzira da li je citirani materijal uveden leksičko-sintaksičkim
markerom ili ne. Prozodijski i paralingvistički sloj bili su od izuzetnog
značaja kada je u pitanju citiranje bez leksičko-sintaksičkog markera. U
situacijama citiranja govornik koristi promene u prozodijskim i
paralingvističkim obeležjima ne samo da odvoji svoj govor od citiranog
materijala, već i da „imitira“ „originalnog/e“ govornika/e, da neposrednije
deluje na sagovornika, kao i da evaluira „originalni“ iskaz / sagovornika /
kontekst.ii Poredeći situacije citiranja u formalnim i neformalnim
razgovorima, došli smo do rezultata koji ukazuju na to da su promene u
prozodiji i paralingvističkom sloju veće u neformalnim situacijama, bez
obzira koji je tip leksičko-sintaksičkog markera citiranja upotrebljen, kao
i bez obzira da li je prisutan leksičko-sintaksički marker ili ne. Zapravo,
pokazala se kao netačna opšta pretpostavka da će upotrebljavanje
prozodijskih i paralingvističkih promena biti bogatije u slučajevima sa
novim markerima citiranja („like“, „go“, „kao“, „krene“, itd.) u odnosu na
slučejeve koji su uvedeni uobičajenim glagolima govorenja. Rezultati ovog
istraživanja pokazuju da prozodijska obeležja predstavljaju vrlo značajne
markere citiranja, ali ne obeležavaju citiranje uvek sva prozodijska
obeležja simultano. Naime, promene različitih prozodijskih obeležja mogu
imati različite uloge u obeležavanju citiranja: promena nekog prozodijskog
obeležja, npr. tempa govora, može markirati početak citiranja, a promena u
nekom drugom prozodijskom obeležju, npr. glasnoći, može obeležiti kraj
citiranja. Osim toga, promene na planu prozodije prilikom složenog fenomena
kakvo je citiranje, po našem mišljenju, ne treba posmatrati odvojeno od
paralingvističkih obeležja, koja imaju izuzetnu važnost u komunikaciji licem
u lice.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Archaeological ceramics can be studied in the context of origin of production or production technologies, as well as the ...distribution of specific ware types or whole assemblages. The provenience studies have at their disposal an arsenal of different techniques, both analytical and statistical to arrive at answers to archaeological issues. Special place in a long list of analytical techniques belongs to non-destructive analyses performed using IR or Raman spectroscopy, PIXE or XRD, but one that have been most commonly used is energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry proven to be efficient and suitable for archaeological ceramics provenience studies. During the past ten years the use of portable XRF (pXRF), field-portable (fpXRF) or hand-held (hh)XRF spectrometers has increased significantly. Such instruments and techniques become affordable for many applications that generate fast results which imply almost immediate interpretation and decision. Guided by this and the fact that systematic analytical examinations of archaeological ceramics from the Vinča culture are very obscure, the objective of this research was to examine the possibility of using information of ceramic chemical characteristics derived by pEDXRF spectrometry for classification. As the ceramics belonging to the Vinča culture play an important role in global archaeology, it is of great importance to study as many aspects of their provenience as possible. Another question arises whether pattern recognition methods can be applied to the data obtained by EDXRF analytical method. The focus of this study was on non-destructive characterisation of ceramic V findings excavated at three Neolithic sites: Vinča-Belo Brdo near Belgrade, Pločnik near Prokuplje, and Bubanj near Niš, and their classification according to elemental compositions and well-known provenance. Thirty-three pottery sherds from the site of Vinča, 27 different fragments from the site of Pločnik, and 15 pottery sherds from the site of Bubanj were organised in three sample assemblages. The main characteristic of the ceramic assemblages was their well-known provenance (on the basis of archaeological reasons). Such an approach was selected since in archaeometry research, two different approaches can be followed to determine the origin of production: comparison with the clay or with the artefacts of well-known provenance. A fully-developed decision-making procedure is proposed with main goal to classify unknown ceramic findings based on their elemental compositions derived by pEDXRF spectrometry and wellknown provenance. So, analytical examinations were followed by application of pattern recognition methods to the obtained results as part of the decision-making procedure developed and improved to classification (and consequently sourcing) purpose and to extract the most discriminant features. As it is a major part of decision-making procedure, the possibilities of two dimension reduction methods were tested: one of them is principal component analysis (PCA) and the second scattering matrices-based dimension reduction. Scattering matrices-based dimension reduction was found to be the more efficient method for the purpose. Further, two linear classifiers, designed based on the desired output allowed for 7 of 8 unknown samples from the test set to be correctly classified. Based on the validated results, the conclusion is that despite the constraints typical of the applied analytical technique, the elemental composition can be considered as viable information in provenience studies. With a fully-developed procedure, ceramic artefacts can be classified based on their elemental composition and well-known provenance.- Arheološka keramika se može izučavati u kontekstu porekla proizvodnje ili tehnologije izrade, kao i distribucije određenih vrsta posuda ili čitavih grupa. Ovakve studije porekla imaju na raspolaganju čitav arsenal različitih tehnika (kako analitičkih, tako i statističkih) da bi došle do odgovora na postavljena arheološka pitanja. Posebno mesto u dugoj listi analitičkih tehnika pripada nedestruktivnim analizama kao što su IC ili Ramanska spektroskopija, PIXE ili XRD. Među njima se posebno izdvaja, kao najčešće korišćena energetski disperzivna rendgenska fluorescentna (EDXRF) spektrometrija, koja se pokazala efikasna i pogodna za izučavanje porekla arheološke keramike. Tokom poslednjih deset godina, upotreba prenosnih XRF (pXRF), terenskih (fpXRF) ili ručnih (hh)XRF spektrometara značajno je povećana. Takvi instrumenti i tehnike postali su pristupačni za mnoge primene koje generišu brze rezultate što podrazumeva njihovo gotovo trenutno tumačenje i donošenje odluke. Imajući ovo u vidu, kao i činjenicu da su sistematska analitička ispitivanja keramika vinčanske kulture vrlo sporadična, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita mogućnost korišćenja informacija o elementranom hemijskom sastavu keramičkih predmeta generisanih pEDXRF spektrometrijskom analizom za klasifikaciju. Kako keramika vinčanske kulture ima važnu ulogu u svetskoj arheologiji, izučavanje njenog porekla, sa što je moguće više aspekata je od velikog značaja. II Posebno pitanje koje se tokom ovih istraživanja nametnulo je da li se metode prepoznavanja oblika mogu uspešno primeniti na podacima dobijenim EDXRF analitičkom metodom. Fokus ove studije je bio na nedestruktivnoj karakterizaciji keramičkih predmeta iskopanih na tri neolitska lokaliteta: Vinča - Belo Brdo kod Beograda, Pločnik kod Prokuplja i Bubanj kod Niša i njihova klasifikacija prema elementarnom sastavu i dobro definisanom poreklu. Trideset tri fragmenta sa lokaliteta Vinča, 27 različitih fragmenata sa lokaliteta Pločnik i 15 ostataka sa lokaliteta Bubanj organizovani su u tri grupe. Osnovna karakteristika grupe bila je dobro definisano poreklo svakog pripadnika (na osnovu arheoloških razmatranja). Ovakav pristup je odabran, jer su u arheometrijskim istraživanjima moguća dva različita pristupa za utvrđivanje porekla proizvodnje: poređenje sa glinom ili sa artefaktima poznatog porekla. U okviru disertacije potpuno je razvijen i testiran postupak donošenja odluke o poreklu čiji je cilj da se klasifikuju nepoznati komadi keramike na osnovu njihovih elementarnog sastava određenog korišćenjem pEDXRF spektrometrije. Dakle, analitička ispitivanja praćena primenom metoda prepoznavanja oblika na dobijene rezultate, iskorišćena su za klasifikaciju (a samim tim i utvrđivanje porekla), ali i ekstrakciju najdiskriminantnijih obeležja. Kako predstavljaju najznačajniji deo postupka utvrđivanja porekla, testirane su mogućnosti dve metode za redukciju dimenzija: jedna od njih je analiza glavnih komponenti (PCA) i druga koja je zasnovana na matricama rasejanja. Pokazano je da je redukcija dimenzija zasnovana na matricama rasejanja efikasniji metod za klasifikaciju. U daljem postupku klasifikacije, projektovana su dva linearna klasifikatora na osnovu željenog izlaza, čime je postignuto da 7 od 8 nepoznatih uzoraka iz skupa za testiranje bude korektno klasifikovano. Na osnovu potvrđenih rezultata, zaključak je da, uprkos ograničenjima koja su tipična za primenjenu analitičku tehniku, elementarni sastav može biti nosilac informacija o poreklu. Uz pomoć III nove, potpuno razvijene procedure, keramički predmeti se mogu klasifikovati na osnovu njihovog elementarnog sastava i poznatog porekla.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Improving CBIR systems using clusterization Zajic, G. J.; Kojic, N. S.; Zajeganovic-Ivancic, M. B. ...
2012 20th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR),
2012-Nov.
Conference Proceeding
In this paper Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system with user assistance for searching clustered image databases is presented. In the preprocessing phase a image database is clustered on class ...level, and represented with small number of images. By implementation of this system the initial search of the whole system is significantly reduced, and the first iteration of user assistance is automated. System is tested on Corel 1K image database and compared with the standard realization of the CBIR system with user assistance. The experiments are shown reduced searching time and high searching efficiency of presented system.
System for biometric access control Spanovic, M. M.; Makarov, A. N.; Lukic, V. Z.
2012 20th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR),
2012-Nov.
Conference Proceeding
This paper presents highly secure system for logical access control and device that has been developed for this purpose. The use of smart card technology combined with biometrics ensures reliable ...user authentication. At the same time, precautions are made to protect biometric data. Possible frauds involving the replacement of the access control device or interception of its comunication with the rest of the system are prevented by the use of digital certificates for device authentication.
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