Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): Kateri so najpogostejši vzroki nastanka stresa na delovnem mestu? Kakšna so najpogostejša znamenja stresa? Kakšne so najpogostejše posledice stresa? Kako lahko ...obvladujemo stres? Namen: Namen članka je proučiti članke na temo vzrokov, znamenj, posledic ter obvladovanja stresa na delovnem mestu, ločeno za EU, ZDA in Slovenijo, ter preveriti in povzeti raziskave za različne ravni: individualno, skupinsko, vodstveno in organizacijsko raven. Namen članka je kratka predstavitev rezultatov in pregled skupnih značilnosti navedenih regij. Cilj članka je ugotoviti in predstaviti razlike oz. skupne poglede na temo vzrokov, znamenj in posledic ter obvladovanja stresa na delovnem mestu med EU, ZDA in Slovenijo. Metoda: V raziskavi je bil uporabljen integrativni pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature s področja menedžmenta delovnega stresa. Preko različnih baz (Google Scholar, dLIB) smo na podlagi ključnih besed povezanih s stresom, zdravjem oz. dobrim počutjem na delovnem mestu, poiskali primerne članke. V raziskovalno nalogo smo vključili članke mlajše od 10 let s faktorjem vpliva višjim od 1,5. za članke povezane z raziskavami za EU in ZDA. Za raziskave v Sloveniji je bil pogoj, da je bil članek objavljen v indeksiranih revijah. Pregledali smo 57 člankov. V končni pregled je bilo vključenih 19 člankov, ki so ustrezali pogojem. Podatki so bili obdelani s tematsko kvalitativno analizo. Rezultati: Najpogostejši vzrok za nastanek stresa so prekomerna delovna obremenjenost in slabi medsebojni odnosi v organizaciji, kar se zelo pogosto izkazuje v izgorelosti zaposlenih, upadanju produktivnosti, povečanju bolniških odsotnosti, povečanju delovnih nesreč ter zatekanje k zlorabi alkohola, tobaka in drog. Pri obvladovanju stresa so najbolj pogosti primarni proaktivni ukrepi, ki vključujejo redno telesno aktivnost in zdrav življenjski slog, omogočanje visoke stopnje avtonomije pri delu, razni izobraževalni in wellness programi ter socialna podpora in vzpodbujanje zdravih odnosov med zaposlenimi v organizaciji. Organizacija: Rezultati raziskave vodilnemu menedžmentu in srednjemu menedžmentu nakazujejo aktivnosti menedžmenta delovnega stresa v raziskovanih regijah ter ponujajo vpogled v aktivnosti, pristope in metode, ki dosegajo dobre rezultate. Družba: Z izvajanjem proaktivnih ukrepov pri obvladovanju delovnega stresa v organizacijah preprečujemo negativne učinke prekomerne izpostavljenosti stresu na delovnem mestu in s tem pozitivno vplivamo na zadovoljstvo pri delu, zvišujemo učinkovitost delovnih mest in preprečujemo nastanek s stresom poveznih bolezenskih obolenj, ki dokazano zmanjšujejo storilnost in povečujejo stroške zdravstvene blagajne. Originalnost: Raziskava daje neposredno primerjavo vzrokov, posledic in ukrepov pri nastanku stresa na delovnem mestu treh raziskovanih regij, ki ponujajo premih obstoječih paradigem ter podlago za oblikovanje in dopolnitev obstoječih pristopov pri obvladovanju delovnega stresa. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Primerjava menedžmenta delovnega stresa je bila izvedena v treh regijah (ZDA, EU in Slovenija). Za širši in celovitejši vpogled na problematiko stresa, bi bilo priporočljivo raziskavo razširiti še na območje Azije (Kitajska, Južna Koreja, Japonska).
Večina ljudi, ki se danes upokoji, živi v partnerstvu. V študiji sem raziskala, kakšne spremembe doživljajo pari pri pre hodu (enega ali obeh) v upokojitev, kako jih dojemajo in ocenjujejo ter katere ...strategije in vzorce obvladovanja pri tem uporabljajo. S pomočjo utemeljene teorije, ki sta jo razvila Glaser in Strauss (1967), sem raziskala položaj osmih parov in ene samske osebe, pri čemer sem uporabila problemske intervjuje po Witzlu (1989). Teoretični model pojasnitve, ki sem ga razvila v študiji, temelji na ideji teoretične vloge. Glavna naloga za obvladovanje prehoda v upokojitev je, da se na individualni ravni in ravni para na novo organizira niz vlog.
Most data related to cutaneous melanoma survivors' health behaviour comes from epidemiological studies and is predominantly concerned with safe-sun behaviour and self-examination. Data regarding ...other changes of health behaviour are scarce and so are qualitative studies in this realm. The aim of our research is to acquire insight into the experiences of patients with cutaneous melanoma in Slovenia. How did they react to the diagnosis, which changes did they introduce in their health behaviour and how do they assess the role of family doctors?
Using the qualitative approach of collective case reports, a demographically diverse group of patients with different forms and stages of cutaneous melanoma was selected. Semi-structured interviews conducted by a psychologist were recorded and transcribed verbatim. For data processing, the approach of Qualitative Content Analysis was applied.
We integrated interviewees' experiences after the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in several subcategories: either they did not introduce any changes or they mentioned changing their habits when exposed to the sun and performing skin self-examination; they also emphasized their ways of dealing with stress and raising awareness about melanoma among family members and friends. The role of family doctors in the prevention and care appears unclear; even contradictory.
We obtained insight into the experiences of Slovenian patients with cutaneous melanoma. The interviewees prioritised safe behaviour in the sun, strengthening of psychological stability and raising awareness about melanoma. Findings will be used in the creation of a structured questionnaire for national epidemiological survey.
The identification of patients infected and/or colonised by methicillin resistant
(MRSA) is necessary for the timely introduction of measures for infection control. We compared the diagnostic ...efficacy of combinations of MRSA surveillance swabs routinely taken by health institutions in the country.
All surveillance samples, which were sent for a microbiological analysis to detect MRSA with the culture method in 2014, in the three departments for medical microbiology of the National Laboratory for Health, Environment and Food, were included in this study.
Among 65,251 surveillance cultures from 13,274 persons, 1,233 (2.1%) were positive (490 positive persons). Prevailing positive surveillance cultures were throat swabs (31.3%), followed by nose swab (31.2%), skin swab (18.9%), perineum (16.4%) and wound swabs (1.4%). The contribution of other samples, such as aspirate, urine and excreta, was under 1%. We found no statistically significant differences in the frequency of detection of a positive patient, if the combination of samples NTS (nose, throat, skin) or NTP (nose, throat, perineum) was analysed. However, statistically significant differences were confirmed when any of the anatomic sites would be omitted from the sets of NTP and NTS (chi square; p<0.01). Adding additional samples resulted in only 24 additional positive patients (4.9%).
The results indicate that increasing the number of surveillance cultures above three does not add much to the sensitivity of MRSA surveillance, the exception could be wound. The swabs from the perineum and from the skin are exchangeable.
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