Drawing on a historical and political economy analysis, this book provides insight on how, under neoliberal hegemony, the internet was transformed from an emancipatory project for humanity to the ...final frontier of unrestrained capitalism.
Since the 1980s, there has been explosive growth in the use of experimental methods in economics, leading to exciting developments in economic theory and policy. Despite this, the status of ...experimental economics remains controversial. In Experimental Economics, the authors draw on their experience and expertise in experimental economics, economic theory, the methodology of economics, philosophy of science, and the econometrics of experimental data to offer a balanced and integrated look at the nature and reliability of claims based on experimental research. The authors explore the history of experiments in economics, provide examples of different types of experiments, and show that the growing use of experimental methods is transforming economics into a genuinely empirical science. They explain that progress is being held back by an uncritical acceptance of folk wisdom regarding how experiments should be conducted, a failure to acknowledge that different objectives call for different approaches to experimental design, and a misplaced assumption that principles of good practice in theoretical modeling can be transferred directly to experimental design. Experimental Economics debates how such limitations might be overcome, and will interest practicing experimental economists, nonexperimental economists wanting to interpret experimental research, and philosophers of science concerned with the status of knowledge claims in economics.
The "oligopoly problem"--the question of how prices are formed when the market contains only a few competitors--is one of the more persistent problems in the history of economic thought. In this book ...Xavier Vives applies a modern game-theoretic approach to develop a theory of oligopoly pricing. Vives begins by relating classic contributions to the field--including those of Cournot, Bertrand, Edgeworth, Chamberlin, and Robinson--to modern game theory. In his discussion of basic game-theoretic tools and equilibrium, he pays particular attention to recent developments in the theory of supermodular games. The middle section of the book, an in-depth treatment of classic static models, provides specialized existence results, characterizations of equilibria, extensions to large markets, and an analysis of comparative statics with a view toward applied work. The final chapters examine commitment issues, entry, information transmission, and collusion using a variety of tools: two-stage games, the modeling of competition under asymmetric information and mechanism design theory, and the theory of repeated and dynamic games, including Markov perfect equilibrium and differential games.
As F&A fazem parte de uma sistemática capitalista no processo mercantil de instituições privadas, dessa forma. Este estudo tem como principal objetivo, introduzir a eficiência das aquisições dessas ...grandes IES em relação ao número de alunos e notas do ENADE. Com os resultados podemos visualizar através do método da Análise de Envoltória de Dados que, as notas do ENADE têm maior peso de eficiência no valor das aquisições, porém, não necessariamente notas mais altas equivalem a valores mais altos. As aquisições mais eficientes correspondem às IES adquiridas pelos menores valores, concluindo que os recursos analisados são melhores utilizados e administrados em médias inferiores.
Prices and degree of complementarity.
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Consumers purchase multiple, possibly complementary, items on each shopping trip.Previous research finds that complementarity reduces ...equilibrium retail prices.We show that complementarity can lead to softening competition among retailers.We test our theory using a structural model of basket-purchases and retail pricing.We find equilibrium prices are higher with complementarity than without.
Supermarket retailers typically operate with relatively low margins, suggesting a highly competitive retail environment. However, despite the fact that consumers purchase an entire shopping basket at a time from supermarkets, this evidence is largely based on models of retail competition with single-category purchases. In this paper, we develop and test an empirical model of retail price competition that explicitly accounts for the effect of demand complementarity among items in consumer shopping baskets. Relative to the case where consumers purchase products with independent demands, we demonstrate that equilibrium prices are higher for all items when retailers take demand-complementarity into account. Our findings indicate that non-price strategies intended to encourage complementarity, such as co-merchandising, strategic shelf-positioning, or featuring complementary goods tend to soften price competition, and lead to higher equilibrium prices.
In Konzentrationsanalysen wird neben der Ermittlung eines globalen Konzentrationsmaßes für einen relevanten Markt mit Hilfe von Dominanzmaßen ein oligopolistischer Kern abgegrenzt. Diese Dominanzmaße ...stehen im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit. Es wird untersucht, welche Anforderungen an diese Maße gestellt werden müssen und welche Eigenschaften sie im einzelnen besitzen. Darüber hinaus wird die Möglichkeit einer Verwendung multivariater Methoden zur Beurteilung von Marktstrukturen aufgezeigt.
We propose an efficient bio-inspired algorithm for design of optimal supply chain networks in a competitive oligopoly markets. The firms compete in manufacture, storage and distribution of a product ...to several markets. Each firm aims at maximisation of its own profit by optimising the design capacity and product flow in the supply chain. We model the supply chain network as a multi-layer graph of manufacturing nodes, distribution nodes and storage centres. To optimise the network, we adopt the mechanisms of a foraging behaviour of slime mould Physarum polycephalym. First, we extend the original Physarum model to deal with networks with multiple sources and sinks. Second, we develop a novel method to solve the user equilibrium (UE) problem by exploiting the adaptivity of the Physarum model: we update the link costs according to the product flow. Third, we refer to an equivalent transformation between system optimum problem and UE problem to determine the optimal product flows and design capacities of a supply chain. At last, we present an approach to update the amount of product supplied by each firm. By comparing our solutions with that in Nagurney (2010b) on several numerical examples, we demonstrate the efficiency and practicality of the proposed method.
Se presenta el concepto de economía de la atención como centro del desarrollo de la industria comunicativa en la sociedad de la información, y se describen los resultados de un estudio empírico que ...demuestra la incidencia del concepto en la vida cotidiana de los estudiantes universitarios. La economía de la atención enmarca así una investigación que tiene el objetivo de identificar el tiempo de dedicación y las principales justificaciones que estudiantes universitarios de Comunicación en España dan a su uso de dispositivos móviles y de redes sociales. La investigación analiza la evolución de los resultados de una encuesta realizada en 2016, 2017, 2018 y 2019, en la que se pregunta sobre el uso y la percepción de la atención dedicada por ellos a las redes sociales. La encuesta se contrasta por una parte con una monitorización controlada del tiempo de uso de aplicaciones en los móviles efectuada con un grupo de estudiantes, y por otra con la realización de cuatro focus groups cualitativos. Los datos demuestran que los jóvenes analizados dedican cada vez más horas a las redes sociales y que además invierten más tiempo del que son conscientes en los dispositivos móviles, principalmente en dos redes-industrias que se convierten en oligopólicas: Instagram y WhatsApp. Asimismo, el estudio demuestra la dicotómica relación entre la consciencia de un uso adictivo e improductivo del tiempo en los móviles, y la propia necesidad de estar en estas plataformas. La discusión sobre la economía de la atención demuestra la eficacia y la interiorización individual de estrategias sofisticadas de control bajo la acción inconsciente del usuario.
Nuestro estudio busca complementar investigaciones relativas a los mecanismos de producción y comercialización del salitre en el período que antecede al año 1830. En funciones desde el último cuarto ...del siglo XVIII, la actividad afrontó la creciente demanda (consecuente de la diversificación que experimentaba el uso de nitrato) con un bajo nivel de desarrollo técnico, un modelo que permaneció invariable durante décadas. Sin inversiones tecnológicas o científicas orientadas a un provecho eficiente del caliche, la industria suplió la innovación con el incremento continuo de su oferta laboral, que redundó en la calidad y valor final del producto. La precariedad de una iniciativa que privilegió el trabajo manual por sobre inversiones de capital y la tecnificación de las faenas, debe ser entendida en el contexto de su época, donde el margen de rentabilidad neta del negocio era bajo, al que se sumaba un porvenir incierto, el temprano surgimiento de oligopolios y la inestabilidad política del Perú en los años posteriores a la independencia.
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