This article examines the impact of open space planning on relations and cooperation between locals and new immigrants in rural settlements. In recent years kibbutz settlements have transformed ...agricultural land into residential neighborhoods for migration of previously urban populations. We examined the relationship between residents and newcomers to the village, and the effect that planning a new neighborhood adjacent to the kibbutz has on creating motivation for veteran members and new residents to meet and build common social capital. We offer a method of analyzing planning maps of the open spaces between the original kibbutz settlement and the adjacent new expansion neighborhood. Analysis of 67 planning maps led us to define three types of demarcation between the existing settlement and the new neighborhood; we present each type and its components and offer their significance in the development of the relationship between veteran and new residents. The active involvement and partnership of the kibbutz members in deciding the location and the appearance of the neighborhood about to be built allowed them to determine the nature of the relations that would be forged between the veteran residents and the newcomers.
Public Open Space and Walking Koohsari, Mohammad Javad; Karakiewicz, Justyna Anna; Kaczynski, Andrew T.
Environment and behavior,
08/2013, Letnik:
45, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This study examined how proximity and attractiveness of public open spaces (POSs), perceptions of the surrounding built environment, and street configuration were associated with walking to and ...within POSs. Residents from three neighborhoods in Melbourne (N = 335) completed a questionnaire about walking and perceptions of their neighborhood, and geographic information systems and space syntax measures were used to assess proximity of POSs and street configuration. Proximity and attractiveness of POSs were not associated with POS-related walking. However, several perceptual qualities of the built environment, including safety from crime and traffic and aesthetics, were associated with greater walking. As well, persons living in areas with the most integrated street configurations reported less POS-related walking. Neighborhood perceptions and street configuration are key urban design issues to consider in promoting residents’ use of POS for walking.
•Past authors have documented declines in ES with urban expansion.•This case study accounts for ES provision, use, and flow.•ES stocks decline but flows increase with ecosystem loss and more ...beneficiaries.•Three patterns of ES change reflect different service beneficiaries and flow paths.•This yields a more nuanced view of the “winners” and “losers” in urban expansion.
Urban expansion and its associated landscape modifications are important drivers of changes in ecosystem service (ES). This study examined the effects of two alternative land use-change development scenarios in the Puget Sound region of Washington State on natural capital stocks and ES flows. Land-use change model outputs served as inputs to five ES models developed using the Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services (ARIES) platform. While natural capital stocks declined under managed (1.3–5.8%) and unmanaged (2.8–11.8%) development scenarios, ES flows increased by 18.5–56% and 23.2–55.7%, respectively. Human development of natural landscapes reduced their capacity for service provision, while simultaneously adding beneficiaries, particularly along the urban fringe. Using global and local Moran’s I, we identified three distinct patterns of change in ES due to projected landuse change. For services with location-dependent beneficiaries – open space proximity, viewsheds, and flood regulation – urbanization led to increased clustering and hot-spot intensities. ES flows were greatest in the managed land-use change scenario for open space proximity and flood regulation, and in the unmanaged land-use change scenario for viewsheds—a consequence of the differing ES flow mechanisms underpinning these services. We observed a third pattern – general declines in service provision – for carbon storage and sediment retention, where beneficiaries in our analysis were not location dependent. Contrary to past authors’ finding of ES declines under urbanization, a more nuanced analysis that maps and quantifies ES provision, beneficiaries, and flows better identifies gains and losses for specific ES beneficiaries as urban areas expand.
The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the specific characteristics of public open spaces (POS) associated with adolescents’ POS visitation and physical activity (PA). ...Qualitative research suggests many characteristics to be associated with POS visitation and PA. Quantitative evidence confirmed a positive association between presence of trails, playgrounds and specific types of sports fields (e.g. basketball) with POS visitation and PA, whereas safety and aesthetics seemed subordinate. Suggestions for future research, as well as some methodological recommendations are provided.
•POS can be an important place to accumulate PA among adolescents.•Adolescents perceive that many public open spaces are designed for younger children.•Presence of playgrounds and trails within POS may stimulate POS visitation and PA.•Experimental and other well-designed research studies are warranted.
•Residential congruence affects residential satisfaction.•Significant neighborhood attributes differ by time of stay in the neighborhoods.•Safety and amenities are neighborhood improvement ...priorities.
Previous studies have overwhelmingly focused on the effects of objective and/or perceived neighborhood characteristics on residential satisfaction. Little attention has been paid to residential preferences and their realization. This study hypothesizes that residential satisfaction is different for individuals whose residence is located in a neighborhood with characteristics that match their preferences and those whose residence is located in a neighborhood with characteristics that do not match their preferences. Therefore, residential satisfaction depends upon whether perceived neighborhood characteristics match the resident’s preferences for the characteristics. Using data from the Twin Cities, this study explores two related issues: the impact of mismatched neighborhood characteristics on residential satisfaction and the impact of perceived neighborhood characteristics on residential satisfaction. We find that using mismatched neighborhood characteristics or perceived neighborhood characteristics as explanatory variables produces somewhat different environmental correlates of residential satisfaction. Findings from this study suggest that improving parks and open space, neighborhood safety, and neighborhood appearance is important to enhance residential satisfaction of existing residents.
Urban open space provides a number of valuable services to urban populations, including recreational opportunities, aesthetic enjoyment, environmental functions, and may also be associated with ...existence values. In separate meta-analyses of the contingent valuation (CV) and hedonic pricing (HP) literature we examine which physical, socio-economic, and study characteristics determine the value of open space. The dependent variable in the CV meta-regression is defined as the value of open space per hectare per year in 2003 US$, and in the HP model as the percentage change in house price for a 10 m decrease in distance to open space. Using a multi-level modelling approach we find in both the CV and HP analyses that there is a positive and significant relationship between the value of urban open space and population density, indicating that scarcity and crowdedness matter, and that the value of open space does not vary significantly with income. Further, urban parks are more highly valued than other types of urban open space (forests, agricultural and undeveloped land) and methodological differences in study design have a large influence on estimated values from both CV and HP. We also find important regional differences in preferences for urban open space, which suggests that the potential for transferring estimated values between regions is likely to be limited.
► We conduct meta-analyses of the contingent valuation and hedonic pricing literature on the value of urban open space. ► We examine the physical, socio-economic and study characteristics that influence the valuation of open space. ► Using a multi-level model we find important regional differences in preferences for urban open space, which suggests that the potential for transferring estimated values between regions is likely to be limited.
PurposePOSPD, as supplementation of public open spaces (POS), has become a common policy to moderate the intensification of urbanization. However, some access restrictions, both physical and ...information-wise, were deliberately designed by private developers to reserve the POSPD for their own gains, which further hampers POSPD’s publicness and leads to their failure to bear social responsibilities.Design/methodology/approachBy analyzing the current situation of the availability of public open space in private developments (POSPD) from the perspective of information justice, this research aims at proposing a policy framework for an “accessible and interactive platform” which advocates promoting informational justice by integrating public participation into the establishment of an interaction loop to promote the revitalization of POSPD. The methodology includes the review of previous solutions and platforms, the establishment of a POSPD database and geographic information system (GIS) analysis.FindingsThe POSPD in Hong Kong are unevenly distributed physically while the information about them is injustice and inadequate. Understanding the existing informational injustice associated with POSPD and revitalizing the stock spaces is timely and vital. Using the user-generated data from volunteers as the information flow, the proposed responsive POSPD platform will provide continuous positive feedback for policy improvement to help realize the collaborative management and sustainable development of the POS.Originality/valueMaking use of information and communication technology (ICT) to extend the “public” to the “internet-based”, the proposed framework regards the exploitation of ICT to enhance information justice as a novel way to revitalize POSPD. It involves collaborative operation among citizen participation and official POS management.
•This paper establishes a novel typology of communal outdoor space within apartment buildings.•The paper then systematically accounts for their respective green space provision and usage by ...residents.•Dominant communal outdoor space typologies on podiums and rooftops deliver poor access to green space.•Dominant communal outdoor space typologies on rooftops deliver are poorly used.
There is a consensus that higher-density urban settings need to be accompanied by communal outdoor space (COS) to bolster the well-being of apartment residents. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies identifying COS types in apartment buildings and systematically assessing the degree to which they provide greenery and are used by residents. In response, this study developed a COS typology for apartment buildings in Australian cities, measured the degree to which each COS type provides access to greenery, and examined which COS types received the most frequent visitation via a resident survey (n = 975). Results show that some dominant COS typologies provide scant access to greenery and are underutilised. For instance, the Podium Terrace and Roof Terrace types only contained 24 and 8 % vegetated area, with the remainder hard surfaces. Moreover, the Podium Terrace and Roof Terrace types averaged no substantial trees. Conversely, ground floor types such as Parks and Setback Gardens contained 51 and 53 % planted area, respectively and significant numbers of trees. Policy requirements that target specific COS types could elevate their naturalness and increase use.
This research aimed to explore information and communication technologies (ICT) types to support co-creation activities in public open spaces (POS) at different stages of the co-creation process. We ...conducted state-of-the-art research on the methods, best practices, obstacles and potential of ICT tools and co-creation activities to ease the interaction between stakeholders engaged in the process. Based on those findings, we proposed an ICT tools selection framework. Four living labs were analysed to better understand the practical side of digitally aided co-creation. We conclude by exposing challenges and suggest ways to move forward toward genuinely digitally supported co-creation of the POS.
India’s urban population increase is creating pressure on the urban green open spaces. The overall city-level per capita open space is considered as a benchmark of the open space. The open space of ...Patna is 2.43 sq m per capita, but at the community level or ward level, there is a lacuna. So, there is a significant gap in open space distribution at the city level and the micro level, that is, ward or block level. An assessment was carried out on three parameters, i.e., quantity, accessibility, and quality. Open space, catchment area, and vegetation cover were used as independent variables, and population density and ward area as dependent variables, to understand the distribution at the ward level, that is, community level. Distribution was analyzed by Pearson correlation between the independent and dependent variables within three parameters. The open space distribution between three meso-level areas based on the growth pattern was analyzed with the help of linear regression and R-squared tests to compare the distribution between the areas. The result shows that Patna has poor distribution in the old and new areas. The developed areas in between have good distribution at the micro level and meso level. Patna has 2.3 sq m per capita as per the proposed open space plan and projected population of 2030, which is less than the standard 3.16 sq m/capita at the community level and 3.66 sq m/capita at the district level.
PDF
