This paper addresses the empirical question of whether trade and financial openness can help explain the recent pace in financial development, as well as its variation across countries in recent ...years. Utilising annual data from developing and industrialised countries and dynamic panel estimation techniques, we provide evidence which suggests that both types of openness are statistically significant determinants of banking sector development. Our findings reveal that the marginal effects of trade (financial) openness are negatively related to the degree of financial (trade) openness, indicating that relatively closed economies stand to benefit most from opening up their trade and/or capital accounts. Although these economies may be able to accomplish more by taking steps to open
both their trade and capital accounts, opening up one without the other could still generate gains in terms of banking sector development. Thus, our findings provide only partial support to the well known Rajan and Zingales hypothesis, which stipulates that both types of openness are necessary for financial development to take place.
This multi-method study aims to shed light on digital platforms' decisions regarding their openness. Platform openness results from a series of decisions on how open a platform is regarding: (a) ...suppliers, (b) customers, (c) complementary service providers, as well as to (d) product categories and (e) channels. By conducting a scoping literature review, we analyze the current body of knowledge about the drivers, dimensions and outcomes of platform openness. Using an expert panel discussion and analysis of real-world digital platforms, we confront this existing knowledge with current business challenges to identify research challenges. We address how future research can advance platform research by tackling these challenges.
Among the other Big Five personality traits, Openness to Experience has a less clear connection to psychopathology. Its inconsistent associations with different mental disorders suggest a complex ...relationship may exist at more specific levels of the trait. The present study investigated the role of the experiencing and intellectual subcomponents of Openness/Intellect in brooding (a known risk factor for depression and anxiety) and reflection. Participants (N = 1411) completed a measure of Openness to Experience and rumination. Consistent with our hypotheses, Openness was a positive predictor of brooding and reflection, whereas Intellect was a negative predictor of brooding. Our results are consistent with theoretical accounts of Openness and Intellect and suggest that the conditions afforded by Openness may lead to higher levels of both unconstructive (brooding) and constructive (reflection) types of rumination. The protective role of Intellect, in turn, may lead to lower levels of brooding. These results provide novel insights into the contribution of Openness/Intellect to rumination, which was not properly interpreted in previous studies.
•Openness and Intellect differentially predict brooding.•Openness is a positive predictor of brooding.•Openness is a positive predictor of reflection.•Intellect is a negative predictor of brooding.
This paper surveys measures of economic openness, the latter being understood as the degree to which non-domestic actors can or do participate in a domestic economy. Based on the existing literature, ...the authors introduce a typology of openness indicators, which distinguishes between ‘real’ and ‘financial’ openness as well as ‘de-facto’ and ‘de-jure’ measures of openness. They use data collected on these indicators to analyze trends in openness over time and to conduct a correlation analysis across indicators. Finally, they illustrate the potential consequences of employing different openness measures in a growth regression framework.
Open people show greater interest in situations that are complex, novel, and difficult to understand-situations that may also be experienced as confusing. Here we investigate the possibility that ...openness/intellect is centrally characterized by more positive relations between interest and confusion. Interest and confusion are key states experienced during engagement with information and learning. However, little is known about the within-person relation between them, let alone individual differences in this relation. We tested our hypotheses by making use of different paradigms, stimuli, and participants. Across five studies (N = 640) we tested the relation between openness/intellect and within-person interest-confusion relations in response to art (Study 1); science, philosophy, and art (Study 2); psychology lectures (Study 3); a poem (Study 4); and a complex problem solving task (Study 5). Average interest-confusion relations varied between different studies, but for all studies the distributions of the relations went from highly negative to highly positive-individual differences in direction rather than just degree. In all but 1 study we found consistent support for our hypotheses-openness/intellect is associated with more positive relations between interest and confusion. No other personality domain or intelligence was consistently related to interest-confusion relations. Together, these findings suggest a new phenomenological aspect of being open-curiosity toward confusing situations. Our findings support the link between openness/intellect and sensitivity to the value of complex information, and are discussed with regards to their relevance for engagement with information and learning.
We continued the study of "soft strong $ \theta $-continuity" and defined and investigated "soft almost strong $ \theta $-continuity" which is a generalization of soft strong $ \theta $-continuity. ...We gave characterizations and examined soft composition concerning these two concepts. Furthermore, we derived several soft mapping theorems. We provided several links between these two ideas and their related concepts through examples. Lastly, we looked at the symmetry between them and their topological counterparts.
This meta-analysis aimed to address the association between personality traits and conflict handling styles. ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of science and also Microsoft Academic, Science.gov, ...Science open were searched for all published and non-published studies through 17 October 2018. A literature search located 20 eligible studies, and 5337 total participants. The results of this review show that neuroticism and agreeableness are positively related to avoiding style. The positive associations are observed between agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness with compromising style. There exist positive and negative relations between extroversion and agreeableness with dominating style, respectively. A positive link is identified between agreeableness and obliging style. Finally, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness are positively correlated with integrating style and neuroticism is negatively related to integrating style. The findings of moderator analysis indicate that there is a different pattern between work and academic setting concerning the relationship between agreeableness with compromising. Similarly, the results of the academic setting yielded the different population as the work setting when it comes to the link between neuroticism and compromising style.
Four studies examined intellectual humility—the degree to which people recognize that their beliefs might be wrong. Using a new Intellectual Humility (IH) Scale, Study 1 showed that intellectual ...humility was associated with variables related to openness, curiosity, tolerance of ambiguity, and low dogmatism. Study 2 revealed that participants high in intellectual humility were less certain that their beliefs about religion were correct and judged people less on the basis of their religious opinions. In Study 3, participants high in intellectual humility were less inclined to think that politicians who changed their attitudes were “flip-flopping,” and Study 4 showed that people high in intellectual humility were more attuned to the strength of persuasive arguments than those who were low. In addition to extending our understanding of intellectual humility, this research demonstrates that the IH Scale is a valid measure of the degree to which people recognize that their beliefs are fallible.
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