Oral hygiene among children in Italy Troiano, G; Pozzi, T; Simi, R ...
European journal of public health,
11/2018, Letnik:
28, Številka:
suppl_4
Journal Article
This study aimed to investigate whether interdental brush shape influences cleaning efficacy, by comparing a waist-shaped interdental brush (W-IDB) with a cylindrical IDB (C-IDB); both provided with ...the same bristle texture. Cleaning efficacy of differently shaped IDBs was measured in proximal surfaces of teeth in a split-mouth cross-over design. Twenty-eight patients abolished oral hygiene for 4 d. Line angle plaque area was scanned with an intraoral camera after use of disclosing dye in baseline and after IDB application and analyzed planimetrically. Additionally, bacterial load in the IDBs was analyzed after usage by colony forming units (cfu). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test with continuity correction was used to compare the results of the waist-shaped and the cylindrically-shaped IDBs. The waist-shaped IDBs cleaned significantly better than their cylindrically-shaped counterparts (area cleaned: 23.1% vs. 18.3%), when applied at same interdental spaces (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were found in comparison of bacterial load on the IDBs (median cfu counts: 2.3E9 vs. 2.7E9, p = 0.93). Irrespective of bristle texture or size, IDB shape have impact on cleaning efficacy. Waist-shaped IDBs are more effective in cleaning of the line angle area than cylindrically-shaped IDBs.
: Poor oral health is a common condition in patients suffering from dementia. Several aspects of this systemic pathology contribute to causing oral problems: cognitive impairment, behavior disorders, ...communication and, motor skills deterioration, low levels of cooperation and medical-nursing staff incompetency in the dental field.
: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and the characteristics of oral pathology in a demented elderly population, as well as to check the association between the different degree of dementia and the oral health condition of each patient.
: In this observational study (with cross-sectional design) two groups of elderly patients suffering from dementia, living in two different residential care institutions were recruited. The diagnosis of dementia of each included patient was performed using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale. In order to evaluate the oral health condition of the included subjects, each patient underwent a physical examination of the oral cavity, during which different clinical parameters were analyzed (number of remaining teeth, oral mucosa, periodontal tissues, bone crests). To each parameter, a score was assigned. Spearman's Rho test was used.
: Regarding the prevalence of oral pathology in elderly suffering from dementia, it emerged that 20.58% of the included patients had mucosal lesions and/or new mucosal formations (in most cases undiagnosed and therefore untreated). The prevalence of periodontal disease was equal to 82.35% and a marked clinically detectable reabsorption of bone crests was found in almost all patients (88.23%). 24.13% of patients, who underwent the oral examination, had totally edentulous maxillae and/or with retained roots, without prosthetic rehabilitations. The correlation index r showed the presence of a linear correlation (inverse relationship) between the degree of dementia and the state of health of the oral cavity of each patient.
: Several factors contribute to poor oral health in the elderly suffering from dementia: cognitive functions deterioration, behavioral disorders and inadequate medical-staff nursing training on oral hygiene. This study also demonstrated that the lower the dementia degree is, the lower tends to be the oral health status. In order to guarantee a complete assistance to these patients, residential care institutions should include in their healthcare program specific dental protocols.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an individually tailored oral health educational programme for oral hygiene self‐care in patients with chronic periodontitis compared with the standard ...treatment.
Material and Method: A randomized, evaluator‐blinded, controlled trial with two different active treatments were used with 113 subjects (60 females and 53 males) randomly allocated to an experimental or a control group. The individually tailored oral health educational programme was based on cognitive behavioural principles and the individual tailoring for each participant was based on participants' thoughts, intermediate, and long‐term goals, and oral health status. The effect of the programmes on gingivitis gingival index (GI), oral hygiene plaque indices (PlI) and self‐report, and participants' global rating of treatment was evaluated 3 and 12months after oral health education and non‐surgical treatment.
Results: Between baseline and the 12‐month follow‐up, the experimental group improved both GI and PlI more than the control group. The mean gain‐score difference was 0.27 for global GI 99.2% confidence interval (CI): 0.16–0.39, p<0.001 and 0.40 for proximal GI (99.2% CI: 0.27–0.53, p<0.001). The mean gain‐score difference was 0.16 for global PlI (99.2% CI: 0.03–0.30, p=0.001), and 0.26 for proximal PlI (99.2% CI: 0.10–0.43, p<0.001). The subjects in the experimental group reported a higher frequency of daily inter‐dental cleaning and were more certain that they could maintain the attained level of behaviour change.
Conclusion: The individually tailored oral health educational programme was efficacious in improving long‐term adherence to oral hygiene in periodontal treatment. The largest difference was for interproximal surfaces.
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•Poor oral hygiene was associated with a significant risk of oral cancer.•Observed increased risk of oral cancer with tobacco habit in the presence of poor oral hygiene as compared to ...never-chewers with poor oral hygiene.•Consumption of green, yellow, cruciferous vegetables and citrus fruits were protective against incidence of cancer.•Linear dose-response association was observed between oral cancer and chewing tobacco per day.•Smoking greater than ten bidis/cigarettes per day and for a duration greater than twenty-five years elevated risk.
This study examines the association between the incidence of oral cancer in India and oral hygiene habits, diet, chewing and smoking tobacco, and drinking alcohol. We also assessed the effects of oral hygiene habits with oral cancer risk among chewers versus never chewers.
A hospital-based case–control study was conducted in Pune, India, based on face-to-face interviews, anthropometry, and intra-oral examinations conducted for 187 oral cancer cases and 240 controls.
Poor oral hygiene score was associated with a significant risk of oral cancer (adjusted OR=6.98; 95%CI 3.72–13.05). When stratified by tobacco-chewing habit, the poor oral hygiene score was a significant risk factor only among ever tobacco chewers (adjusted OR=14.74; 95%CI 6.49–33.46) compared with never chewers (adjusted OR=0.71; 95%CI 0.14–3.63). Dental check-ups only at the time of pain by ever-chewers with poor oral hygiene was associated with an elevated risk (adjusted OR=4.22; 95%CI 2.44–7.29), while consumption of green, yellow, and cruciferous vegetables and citrus fruits was protective. A linear dose–response association was observed between oral cancer and chewing tobacco in terms of age at initiation, duration, and frequency of chewing per day (P<0.001). Smoking more than 10 bidis/cigarettes per day (adjusted OR=2.74; 95%CI 1.28–5.89) and for a duration >25 years (adjusted OR=2.31; 95%CI 1.14–4.71) elevated the risk of oral cancer.
Good oral hygiene habits – as characterized by healthy gums, brushing more than once daily, use of toothpaste, annual dental check-ups, and a minimal number of missing teeth – can reduce the risk of oral cancer significantly. In addition to refraining from chewing/smoking tobacco, a diet adequate in fruits and vegetables may protect against the disease.
AimThis study aims to (1) describe trends in explanations provided for racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries and periodontitis, and (2) explore the patterns of relatedness among explanations for ...these inequities.Materials and MethodsHighly cited publications based on studies indexed in the Scopus database were retrieved and assessed for eligibility. Explanations for racial/ethnic inequities were classified into eight different, but interrelated domains. We assessed trends and examined the relations among explanations using multiple correspondence analysis.ResultsA total of 200 articles among the most cited publications were selected. The proportion of studies invoking racism as an explanation for racial inequities in oral health increased from 0% to 14.3%, from 1937 to 2020. The proportions of individual socio‐economic factors increased from 52.0% to 82.9%, and dental care from 28.0% to 62.9%. The remaining explanations were stable: psychological/behavioural processes (62.5%), biological factors (49.5%), contextual/area‐level effects (24.0%) and immigrant paradox (4.0%). Multiple correspondence analysis revealed a smaller axial distance between racism and the following categories: studies from Brazil, recent publications and Blacks/Hispanics/mixed‐race groups. Publications about immigrants were axially closer to the high‐income countries category.ConclusionsOur findings call on dental researchers to consider racism as a cause for existing racial/ethnic inequities in oral health.
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