Abstract Introduction The research capacity of nurses has been reported to be still constrained in several countries, and not fully implemented in its potentiality due to a large number of factors. ...Despite its relevance both for clinical and public health purposes, no summary has been compiled to date regarding factors influencing the research capacity in the Italian context. Therefore, the primary aim of this review was to identify the barriers and enablers of conducting research as perceived by Italian nurses. Methods We conducted a systematic review. The following databases have been searched: ILISI ® (Indice della Letteratura Italiana di Scienze Infermieristiche) MEDLINE-via PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Ovid, Open Grey, Google Scopus, and Web of Science. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Results The studies were mainly descriptive, with two quasi-experimental. A total of seven barriers and four facilitators of conducting research among Italian nurses were identified. The constraints were poor English knowledge, technology and library availability and accessibility, understaffing and lack of time, nursing culture characteristics, lack of nursing leadership support, scarce funding availability, and the bureaucratic ethical committee process. The facilitators were nursing journal reading, expert research team support, university and hospital partnerships, and international cooperation. Conclusions Given the small number and the high heterogeneity of the emerged studies, this systematic review provides an initial framework for the constraints that prevent, and the strategies that promote, Italian nurses’ participation/conducting of research projects that could inform policies in this field.
Abstract Introduction Despite the high prevalence of malnutrition in patients at all levels of healthcare, early prevention and treatment of malnourished patients are often neglected and overlooked ...in clinical practice. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify the factors considered most important by healthcare professionals in the identification and treatment of malnourished patients or those at risk of malnutrition. Methods A systematic literature review of qualitative research was conducted. Documents published in scientific journals in English from 2011 to 2021 were searched in the PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL and ProQuest databases. The results were analysed with a thematic analysis of qualitative research findings. Results From the search set of 1010 results, 7 sources were included in the final analysis. Factors identified by health professionals as important in the identification and treatment of malnourished patients in clinical practice were grouped into five themes: unclear organizational structure; indefinite structure of nutritional care; poor continuity of nutritional care; lack of knowledge and skills of health professionals; lack of time and human resources. Conclusions Health policy must provide resources for nutritional care for patients at all levels of health care on the initiative of the highest professional bodies at the state level. To improve the nutritional care of patients in clinical practice, the management of health care institutions must promote and enable the professional and organizational establishment of clinical nutrition as a regular medical activity of the institution, develop clinical nutritional pathways, and promote evidence-based clinical practice and interprofessional collaboration.
The problems of oral health of people diagnosed with depression are not adequately recognized, either in developed or developing countries. Social stigma, lack of self-interest, or even inadequate ...approaches of dental doctors towards the unique situation of this group of people this lead to excessive oral health problems.
The bibliographic database PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Whiley online library were searched using the following text and MeSH as separate key terms and in combination: depression and oral health/dental caries/periodontal disease/tooth loss/utilization of oral health services/and barriers. The content of documents was analysed using qualitative methodology.
Twenty-six original studies were included in the review. Level/severity of depression, medication and medical comorbidity are the most important medical barriers influencing the oral health of people diagnosed with depression. Dental fear and anxiety are mostly combined with low oral hygiene and bad oral health. Socioeconomic status, dental insurance, bad habits and education also have important roles in the oral health status of people diagnosed with depression.
Including individuals with depression and oral health problems in national health programs, creating specific prevention programs, or subsidizing the cost of treatment are some of the recommendations suggested as solutions.
The objective of the study was to analyse and compare the subjective quality of life (S-QoL) of women with physical disabilities (PDs) through satisfaction with the quality of life domains and the ...overall quality of life assessment.
The sample comprised of women with PDs (n=137), divided into 4 age categories: 19-29 yrs. (n=53); 30-44 yrs. (n=25); 45-59 yrs. (n=24) and over 60 yrs. (n=35). The Subjective Quality of Life Analyses questionnaire and the WHO User Manual were used as a primary research method. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to assess the differences between QoLDs, Kruskal Wallis test to assess differences in S-QoL among four independent groups and Mann Whitney U-test between two age categories.
The highest satisfaction in all age categories of women was found in the social relations domain, and in the 19-29 yr-old women equally in the social relations and physical health domains. The highest dissatisfaction was reported with the psychological health and environment domains. The key finding is that the main differences are between the youngest category (aged 19-29 yrs) and the three older categories with regard to physical health, environment and overall QoL.
It is necessary to continue this line of research with a greater focus on exploring the ways in which the psychological health domain can be improved as an integral part of S-QoL, and to also focus on the QoL indicators that make up the environment domain and search for ways to enhance these.
Na reprezentativnem vzorcu 243 uporabnikov storitev zaposlitvene rehabilitacije iz celotne Slovenije smo z anketnim vprašalnikom preučevali pomembnost invalidnosti pri načrtovanju in razvoju kariere ...invalidov. Analizirali smo povezave med invalidnostjo in demografskimi značilnostmi, poklicnimi izbirami in ovirami za zaposlovanje. Večina udeležencev je izrazila željo po zaposlitvi v poklicih za preprosta dela, čeprav je največ sodelujočih pridobilo IV. ali V. stopnjo izobrazbe. Pri izbiri poklica so jih večinoma vodili lasten interes in tudi zdravstvene težave, a je veliko udeležencev raziskave v obdobju brezposelnosti poklicno izbiro večkrat spremenilo, za kar so se kot najpomembnejši razlog izkazale zdravstvene težave in odnos delodajalcev do invalidnosti. Invalidnost je bila prepoznana kot glavna oziroma najpogostejša ovira pri izbiri poklicnih ciljev, iskanju zaposlitve in razvoju kariere. Z raziskavo smo pritrdili dosedanjim ugotovitvam in teoretičnim predpostavkam, da je invalidnost osrednjega pomena pri načrtovanju kariere invalidov, in poudarili pomen ustreznega načrtovanja kariere za uspešno reševanje zaposlitvene problematike.
Prispevek obravnava problematiko vključenosti slovenske aktivne populacije v programe formalnega in neformalnega izobraževanja. Proučuje tudi dejavnike, ki na to vključenost vplivajo pozitivno ali ...negativno, in nakaže statistične modele izobraževalne vključenosti. Pristop izhaja iz zdajšnjega stanja gospodarstva in družbe v evropskih državah, ko sta gospodarska kriza in recesija v državah EU povzročili upad BDP, manjšo gospodarsko rast, rast brezposelnosti, še posebej pri populaciji mladih, upad življenjskega standarda in kakovosti življenja ter dela.
Gospodarska recesija je pomembno zaznamovala življenje prebivalcev Evropske unije. Od leta 2008, ko se pojavijo prvi znaki recesije, sta se povečali brezposlenost in revščina v večini članic Evropske ...unije. Številni evropski in nacionalni strateški dokumenti so kot enega ključnih neekonomskih instrumentov izhoda iz recesije omenjali vlaganje v izobraževanje. Prepričanje politikov o pomembni vlogi izobraževanja pri reševanju gospodarske recesije pa odpira vprašanje o dejanskih spremembah na tem področju. V prispevku je na eni strani prikazano razumevanje vloge izobraževanja odraslih pri gospodarskem razvoju v evropskih strateških dokumentih in na drugi strani vključenost odraslih v izobraževanje in ovire pri tem ob začetku gospodarske recesije.
Decembra 2008 je bila končana raziskava, z naslovom Ukrepi za uresničevanje pravic invalidov do dostopa brez ovir, ki sta jo izvedla Urbanistični inštitut Republike Slovenije in Inštitut Republike ...Slovenije za socialno varstvo. Raziskavo sta sofinancirala Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije in Ministrstvo za delo, družino in socialne zadeve Republike Slovenije. Glavni namen raziskave je bila izvedba obsežne analize stanja invalidskega varstva v Sloveniji, analizirati dostopnost grajenega okolja, komunikacij in informacij ter ugotoviti, kako se izvajajo ukrepi, ki so bili na državni ravni sprejeti za zagotavljanje invalidom prostega gibanja in socialnega vključevanja. Osrednji del raziskave tvorita obsežni anketi, in sicer anketa invalidov posameznikov in anketa predstavnikov najpomembnejših invalidskih organizacij v Sloveniji. Glavna hipoteza pri izvajanju raziskave je bila, da je bilo do sedaj premalo narejenega za uresničevanje pravic invalidov, opredeljenih v različnih dokumentih. Hipotezo smo oblikovali na podlagi pregleda obstoječe literature ter zakonodaje in politik povezanih z invalidi. Rezultati empirične raziskave povsem potrjujejo pravilnost vodilne hipoteze. V prispevku predstavljamo rezultate obeh anket, povzemamo ključne ugotovitve, na koncu pa podajamo nekaj predlogov ukrepov za učinkovitejše uresničevanje pravic invalidov do dostopa brez ovir.
Javne odprte površine v mestu so namenjene vsem uporabnikom, zato morajo biti vsem tudi dostopne in zanje oblikovane na način, ki ustreza njihovim funkcionalnim zahtevam in omogoča zadovoljevanje ...potreb po dejavnostih, ki potekajo v urbani krajini. Ne gre le za premagovanje arhitekturnih ovir s klančino ustreznega naklona in širine, gre za krajinsko oblikovanje javnih odprtih površin, načrtovanih po meri uporabnikov, ki se gibljejo s pripomočki na kolesih in se z ostalimi uporabniki zvezno gibljejo po skupnem prostoru. Da bi preverili stanje in ugotavljanje možnosti preoblikovanja, so bili v raziskavi leta 2004 izmerjeni nakloni, širine in druge dimenzije urbanih elementov na javnih odprtih površinah v Ljubljani, s pomočjo katerih je bila opravljena analiza današnjega stanja, ki se je izkazalo kot neustrezno. Rezultati meritev in analize javnih odprtih površin iz raziskave so pokazali nabor funkcionalnih kriterijev oblikovanja prostora, ob primerih pa so bili začrtani še oblikovalski kriteriji, ki jih je pri načrtovanju priporočljivo upoštevati. Kot aplikacija ugotovitev je na primeru podhoda Tivoli s smeri Puharjeve ulice predstavljen primer načina oblikovanja javnih odprtih površin, ki ustreza določenim in priporočenim načrtovalskim izhodiščem oblikovanja prostora brez arhitekturnih ovir.
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