In just over a decade, Francois Ozon has earned an international reputation as a successful and provocative filmmaker. A student of Eric Rohmer and Jean Douchet at the prestigious Femis, Ozon made a ...number of critically acclaimed shorts in the 1990s and released his first feature film Sitcom in 1998. Two additional shorts and eleven feature films have followed, including international successes 8 femmes and Swimming Pool and more recent releases such as Angel, Ricky, and Le refuge. Ozon's originality lies in his filmmaking style, which draws on familiar cinematic traditions (the crime thriller, the musical, the psychological drama, the comedy, the period piece) but simultaneously mixes these recognizable genres and renders them unfamiliar. Despite tremendous diversity in cinematic choices, Ozon's oeuvre is surprisingly consistent in its desire to blur the traditional frontiers between the masculine and the feminine, gay and straight, reality and fantasy, auteur and commercial cinema. _x000B__x000B_Thibaut Schilt provides an overview of Francois Ozon's career to date, highlighting the director's unrestrained, voracious cinephilia, his recurrent collaborations with women screenwriters and actresses, and the trademarks of his cinema including music, dance, and the clothes that accompany these now typically Ozonian episodes. Schilt contextualizes Ozon's filmmaking within the larger fields of French filmmaking and international queer cinema, and he discusses several major themes running through Ozon's work, including obsessions with inadequate fathers, various types of mourning, and a recurring taste for "the foreign." The volume also includes an insightful interview with the director.
Benefitting from the continuous innovations in semiconductor materials and device fabricating techniques, ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have been successfully used in advanced communications, flame ...detection, air purification, ozone sensing and leak detection, among others, in the past few decades. Nowadays, nanoscience, nanofabrication technologies and versatile materials have sparked a new vision of UV photodetectors, which move toward higher precision, lower energy consumption and greater miniaturization. This paper is thus mainly focused on the perspective of molding devices through exploring new materials and novel architectures inspired by state-of-the-art UV photodetectors, predicting the direction of next-generation photodetectors. It is expected that new concept UV photodetectors with smart, intelligent and multifunctional design will benefit daily life and the well-being of society in the near future.
Ethylenediurea (EDU) has been widely studied for its effectiveness to protect plants against injuries caused by surface ozone (O3), however its mode of action remains unclear. So far, there is not a ...unified methodological approach and thus the methodology is quite arbitrary, thereby making it more difficult to generalize findings and understand the EDU mode of action. This review examines the question of whether potential N addition to plants by EDU is a fundamental underlying mechanism in protecting against O3 phytotoxicity. Yet, this review proposes an evidence-based hypothesis that EDU may protect plants against O3 deleterious effects upon generation of EDU-induced hormesis, i.e. by activating plant defense at low doses. This hypothesis challenges the future research directions. Revealing a hormesis-based EDU mode of action in protecting plants against O3 toxicity would have further implications to ecotoxicology and environmental safety. Furthermore, this review discusses the need for further studies on plant metabolism under EDU treatment through relevant experimental approach, and attempts to set the bases for approaching a unified methodology that will contribute in revealing the EDU mode of action. In this framework, focus is given to the main EDU application methods.
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•Ethylenediurea (EDU) is a chemical compound that protects plants against O3 injury.•EDU mode of action in plants has not been revealed yet.•This article proposes a potential hormesis-based EDU mode of action.•Such a potential mode of action would have implications to environmental safety.
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•Ozone oxidation coupled with post-absorption is firstly reviewed for flue gas treatment.•Simultaneous removal of NOx, SO2, VOCs, and mercury can be achieved by this ...technology.•Solubility increase and bond breaking are basic principles for pollutants removal by ozone.•This technology is potential to attain ultra-low emission for industrial boiler and furnaces.
Traditional flue gas pollutants treatment technologies are installed with their individual function. Industries usually make simple combination and increase operation load of equipment to face with the increasing stringent environmental stress and emission standard. Especially, these technique routes are not available to industrial boilers and furnaces because of specific conditions, such as unsuitable temperature window, complicated components in flue gas, and flexible operation. Simultaneous removal of multi-pollutants within one or two devices is a prospective direction that can save space occupation and cost. Interestingly, the solubility of NOx and mercury increases with its valance state, and organic pollutants can be degraded into nontoxic small molecules by oxidation. Ozone is a strong gas phase oxidant that can achieve pre-oxidation at low temperature, following by post-absorption to completely remove oxidized products. This review focuses on research progress involved in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of NOx, organic pollutants, and mercury by ozone, as well as NOx absorption regarding of its full path removal. The reaction mechanism, kinetics, operation parameters, conversion efficiency and ozone residual are all summarized in detail. This paper also systematically reviews various approaches in catalytic ozonation towards improving catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, as well as lowering temperature, such as active metals, metal loading contents, supports, precursors, and other modification. Finally, the overall technique route of simultaneous removal of multi-pollutants by ozone is analyzed. In conclusion, the ozone oxidation technology is advantaged in flue gas pollutants treatment, including low temperature, no massive adjustment in operation and original devices, saving space, no secondary pollution, N/S sources recovery, and potential to ultra-low emission.
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•Hydroxyl and sulfate radical related AOPs at basic pH were reviewed.•Studies of model and real wastewater were discussed, with emphasis to real effluents.•The studies of degradation ...pathways and by-products were reviewed.•Economical evaluation of the processes was discussed.•Good practice for planning the research is described.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been used as an alternative and effective option for treatment of industrial wastewater, especially in the case of the non-biodegradable compounds. Despite of several well developed AOPs, the majority of them are effective only at acidic or neutral pH, namely Fenton related processes, making the list of available effective advanced oxidation technologies strongly limited. In many cases, industrial effluents are formed at basic pH conditions. This paper reviews the state of the art of AOPs exclusively at alkaline pH, the type of compounds and effluents effectively degraded, the influence of pH on the efficiency of the processes, economic evaluation and degradation pathways. Spent caustic, polyester and acetate fiber dye effluents, phenol, acidic and sulfur based compounds, specific dyes and drugs were effectively degraded at basic pH. Factors like point of zero charge, pKa of the compounds, amount of radicals produced and activation of the oxidants are crucial factors that affect the treatment efficiency of AOPs at basic pH. H2O2 and O3 were the cheapest processes while peroxone was the most expensive. The treatment costs were in general too expensive and unrealistic using the methodology used in the literature. The alternative methodology proposed in this paper reduced the treatment costs by three orders of magnitude to values more realistic and economical feasible. Literature regarding treatment of real effluents using AOPs at basic pH is scarce and further research is needed to perform complete analysis. It is important to present some alternatives regarding the treatment of alkaline effluents without pH correction using such technologies.
A gap in emission inventories of urban volatile organic compound (VOC) sources, which contribute to regional ozone and aerosol burdens, has increased as transportation emissions in the United States ...and Europe have declined rapidly. A detailed mass balance demonstrates that the use of volatile chemical products (VCPs)-including pesticides, coatings, printing inks, adhesives, cleaning agents, and personal care products-now constitutes half of fossil fuel VOC emissions in industrialized cities. The high fraction of VCP emissions is consistent with observed urban outdoor and indoor air measurements. We show that human exposure to carbonaceous aerosols of fossil origin is transitioning away from transportation-related sources and toward VCPs. Existing U.S. regulations on VCPs emphasize mitigating ozone and air toxics, but they currently exempt many chemicals that lead to secondary organic aerosols.
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•Ozone is an efficient oxidant used for degrading organic pollutants.•Catalysts can improve O3 decomposition to form hydroxyl radicals.•Fe-based materials is emerging and promising ...catalysts for catalytic ozonation.•The preparation and characterization of Fe-based catalysts was summarized.•Their application for removing toxic organic pollutants was reviewed.
Catalytic ozonation utilizes catalysts to improve the decomposition of ozone and the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which can overcome some disadvantages of ozonation. Fe-based materials are widely used as catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic ozonation due to their easy preparation, excellent catalytic performance and the abundance of Fe in nature. In this paper, the performances of various Fe-based catalysts, including Fe0-derived, FeOOH-derived, Fe2O3-derived, Fe3O4-derived and iron oxides composite, their preparation and characterization methods were briefly introduced. The catalytic ozonation using Fe-based catalysts for the degradation of various emerging contaminants, such as pesticides and herbicides, pharmaceuticals, phthalic acid esters, dyes, nitrobenzenes, phenols, as well as for the treatment of actual wastewater was summarized. The main influencing factors on catalytic ozonation of toxic organic pollutants were discussed, and their potential applications and perspectives were proposed.
•A state of art review of photocatalysis for air purification.•Provides an in-depth analysis of photocatalyst development.•Discusses various aspects of photoreactor modelling.•Presents an overview of ...possible intensification pathways.
Photocatalysis has been extensively investigated for several decades, motivated by the fascinating applications in pollution remediation, chemical synthesis, and energy innovation. However, the practical/commercial/industrial applications of photocatalysis have been restricted in the field of building materials. The low quantum efficiency in solar energy conversion and limitation of low level of pollutants in photodegradation are very difficult to solve. Air purification by photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of various pollutants, for example volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or inorganic gaseous (NOx, SOx, CO, H2S and ozone, etc) at reasonably low concentrations, appears to be more feasible for commercialization. This review firstly introduces the removal mechanism of these contaminations by PCO, and then provides detailed survey and discussion on both photocatalysts and reactor design. This paper aims to deliver fundamental and comprehensive information for paving the venue of gas-phase photodegradation to commercialized air purification.
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