An increasing body of transnational family literature finds that transnational family life challenges relationships between migrant parents and their children in the home country. However, ...transnational families are not uniform and function differently according to their specific characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate how different factors are associated with the quality of parent-child relationships in transnational families. Based on an extensive literature review, five factors are found to be of special importance: gender of the migrant parent; contact and remittances; characteristics of the caregiver; length of separation; and the age of the child and age at separation. There is no quantitative evidence on the relationship between these factors, and how parents assess the relationship with their child in the origin country. This study uses survey data collected among 131 Angolan and 134 Nigerian migrant parents in The Netherlands with children in the country of origin in order to analyse these factors simultaneously. The study finds that contact and a good relationship between migrant parent and caregiver are important factors associated with good transnational parent-child relationships. However, important differences are found between Angolans and Nigerians, attesting to the importance of the characteristics of a particular migratory flow.
Introduction and Aims
Adverse childhood experiences and their accumulation over childhood have negative outcomes to children, yet earlier findings on the independent effect of parental substance ...abuse seem inconsistent. Our aims were to examine: (i) whether parental substance abuse is associated with children's mental disorders in mid‐childhood (7–12 years) and mental disorders and own substance use in adolescence (13–17 years); and (ii) whether children are affected differently by a mother or father's substance abuse.
Design and Methods
A register‐based longitudinal data on a complete birth cohort of children born in Finland in 1991 (n = 65 117) and their biological parents. The children were followed until their 18th birthday. Data were derived from the Finnish administrative registries. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used in the analysis.
Results
Maternal, paternal and both parents' substance abuse were significant predictors of mental disorders and harmful substance use in children aged 13–17 years, even after controlling for other adverse childhood experiences, parental education and child's gender. Parental substance abuse predicted mental disorders in children aged 7–12 years in bivariate model but in multivariate model the association disappeared. Maternal substance abuse had stronger effect on harmful substance use in adolescent children than paternal. There were no significant interactions between substance abusing parents' gender and the child's gender.
Discussion and Conclusions
Early identification, prevention and treatment of substance abuse in families with children in primary health care, child welfare and other services are crucial in preventing intergenerational transmission of the problems associated with parental substance abuse. Jääskeläinen M, Holmila M, Notkola I‐L, Raitasalo K. Mental disorders and harmful substance use in children of substance abusing parents: A longitudinal register‐based study on a complete birth cohort born in 1991. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:728–740
The relationship between children and their maternal uncles in contemporary Mosuo culture reveals a unique parenting mode in a matrilineal society. This study compared the responses of Mosuo and Han ...participants from questionnaires on the parent-child and maternal uncle-child relationship. More specifically, Study 1 used Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) to assess the reactions of the two groups to the relationship between children and their mothers, fathers, and maternal uncles. The results show that while Han people display a higher level of attachment toward their fathers than their maternal uncles, Mosuo people do not exhibit a significant difference in this aspect. Study 2 used a scenario-based method to compare how adults and teenagers perceive the rights and responsibilities of fathers/maternal uncles toward their children/nephews or nieces. The results show that Han adults attribute more rights and responsibilities to their own children than nephews/nieces, while their Mosuo counterparts have the reverse pattern and assign stronger responsibilities to their nephews/nieces than their own children. Both groups perceive the fathers to be the bearer of rights and responsibilities, although this perception was weaker among Mosuo. This paper concludes that in the Mosuo society, fathers have a relatively weak social role as a result of their unique matrilineal social structure.
The relationship with parents is one source of happiness and psychological well-being for children. The impact of the relationship is undoubtedly essential for children in dealing with rapid changes, ...such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explain the parent-child relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic in Semarang. The method used in this study is indigenous psychology with a grounded theory approach. The data retrieval technique used is purposive sampling by filling out the open-ended questionnaire. A total of 207 emerging adult children aged 17-23 suitable for the inclusion criteria were willing to participate in this study. The study found that the parent-child relationship was getting closer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Semarang for respondents who were close before the pandemic. However, there has been no change in parents and children who have a distant relationship since before the pandemic. This study also indicates that communication, giving support, father’s character, togetherness, loving, and thinking of fathers as role models are forms of the father-child relationship. Moreover, the forms with their mothers are indicated by the communication, loving, togetherness, mother’s character, and giving support.
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is a growing global concern. However, effective interventions for treating NSSI are limited.
A 36-week quasi-experimental study design of parent-child ...group resilience training (intervention group) for adolescents aged 12-17 years was used and compared with treatment-as-usual (control group). The primary endpoint was the frequency of NSSI assessed with the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI), and the secondary endpoints were the levels of depression, hope, resilience, and family adaptability and cohesion as assessed by the 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24), Herth Hope Scale (HHS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, second edition (FACES-II-CV), respectively.
A total of 118 participants completed the trial. Both groups showed a significant reduction in NSSI frequency after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (
< 0.05), although the intervention group did not differ significantly from the control group. After 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention, the CD-RISC, HHS, HAMD-24, and FACES-II-CV scores in the intervention and control groups improved over baseline (
< 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention group had higher scores on the CD-RISC, HHS, and FACES-II-CV and lower scores on the HAMD-24 than the control group after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (
0.05).
Parent-child group emotional regulation and resilience training showed promise as treatment options for NSSI among adolescents, leading to increased hope, resilience, and improved family dynamics among NSSI teens. Moreover, NSSI frequency significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to baseline.
Introduction: Interactions within the family will determine the behavior of adolescents. Lack of interaction in adolescents is a risk factor for adolescent behaving deviant, among others, unmerried ...sexual and aggressive behaviors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between parental interaction and the premarital sexual and aggressive behavior among adolescents.Methods: A cross-sectional approach was taken. The sample consisted of 744 adolescents from junior high school and senior high school in Java Island aged 13 - 19 years old who had completed a Google form. The independent variable was parent interaction while the dependent variable was premarital sexual and aggressive behaviors. The PACHIQ-R questionnaire was used for measuring parent interaction. While the dependent variable was using checklist questionnaire. The data was analyzed using Spearman Rank correlation with a level of significance α=0.05.Results: The results show that there is a correlation between the parent interactions and premarital sexual (p=0.007; r=0.100) and aggressive behavior among adolescents (p=<0.001;r=0.156). Parental interaction has an association on the adolescent’s behavior, especially in terms of premarital sexual and aggressive behavior.Conclusion:Nurses need to provide education not only to parents, but also for adolescents to prevent premarital sexual and aggressive behaviors among adolescents in any media that available.
Psychiatric Mother-Baby Units are well established in France, United Kingdom, and Australia, mostly in full-time hospitalization. Inpatient units are considered as best practice for improving ...outcomes for mothers and babies when the mother is experiencing severe mental illness and many studies have showed the effectiveness of care for the mother or the mother-infant relationship. Only a limited number of studies have focused on the day care setting or on the development of the baby. Our parent-baby day unit is the first day care unit in child psychiatry in Belgium. It offers specialized evaluation and therapeutic interventions focused on the baby and involves parents with mild or moderate psychiatric symptoms. The advantages of day care unit is to reduce the rupture with social and family living.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of parent-baby day unit in prevention of babies' developmental problems. First, we present the clinical characteristics of the population treated in the day-unit in comparison to the features presented in the literature review about mother-baby units, which usually receive full-time treatment. Then, we will identify the factors that might contribute to a positive evolution of the baby's development.
In this study, we retrospectively analyze data of patients admitted between 2015 and 2020 in the day unit. Upon admission, the 3 pillars of perinatal care - babies, parents, and dyadic relationships - have systematically been investigated. All the families have received a standard perinatal medico-psycho-social anamnesis, including data on the pregnancy period. In this unit, all the babies are assessed at entry and at discharge using the diagnostic 0 to 5 scale, a clinical withdrawal risk, and a developmental assessment (Bayley). Parental psychopathology is assessed with the DSM5 diagnostic scale and the Edinburgh scale for depression. Parent-child interactions are categorized according to Axis II of the 0 to 5 scale. We have evaluated the improvement of children symptomatology, the child development and the mother-child relation between the entrance (T1) and the discharge (T2) and we have compared two groups of clinical situations: a group of patients with a successful evolution (considering baby's development and the alliance with the parents) and a group of unsuccessful evolution during hospitalization.
We use descriptive statistics to characterize our population. To compare the different groups of our cohort, we use the
-test and non-parametric tests for continue variables. For discrete variables, we used the Chi
test of Pearson.
The clinical population of the day unit is comparable to the mother-baby units in terms of psychosocial fragility but the psychopathological profile of the parents entering the day unit shows more anxiety disorder and less post-partum psychosis. The babies' development quotient is in the average range at T1 and is maintained at T2. In the day unit, the number of symptoms as well as the relational withdrawal of the babies is reduced between T1 and T2. The quality of parent-child relationship is improved between T1 and T2. The children of the group of pejorative evolution had a lower developmental quotient at the T1 and an overrepresentation of traumatic life events.
These results indicate that parent-baby day unit lead to positive outcomes in clinical situations with anxio-depressive parents, relational withdrawal of the babies, functional problems of the babies but not when a significant impact on the development of the baby already exists. The results of this study can guide therapeutic approaches for the benefit of care in parent-baby day units, and improve the development of the child and of the dyadic relationships.
This study explored the challenges faced by adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their parents and the work they engage in to progressively shift from parent management to independent ...adolescent self-management.
A qualitative descriptive focus-group design with semi-structured interviews was used with adolescents (11–18 years) with SCD (HbSS genotype) and their parents/primary caregivers. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis.
Two adolescent focus groups, with a total of 14 adolescents, and two parent focus groups, with a total of 15 parents, described adaptive challenges. Adolescents' adaptive challenges included mastering complex symptom management, communicating about SCD and symptoms, and maintaining control. Parents' adaptive challenges included giving over the complex management, communicating the management with the adolescent, balancing protection against risk with fostering independence, changing a comfortable rhythm, and releasing the adolescent into an "SCD-naive" world. Adolescents' adaptive work included pushing back at parents, defaulting back to parental care, stepping up with time, learning how SCD affects them, and educating friends about SCD. Parents' adaptive work included engaging the adolescent in open dialogue and co-managing with the adolescent.
Shifting management responsibility from parents to adolescents imposes adaptive challenges for both. Future research is needed to develop and test interventions that improve adaptive capacity in adolescents and parents.
Health care providers need to assess the parent–child relationship and their progress in shifting the management responsibility, facilitate discussions to arrive at a shared understanding of the challenges, and collaborate on adaptive work to address these challenges.
•Shifting management responsibility from parents to adolescents with SCD imposed adaptive-type challenges•Health care providers play a critical role in facilitating the progress toward more independent adolescent self-management•Future research is needed to develop and test interventions that facilitate shifting the management responsibility
•The Ingersoll and Dvorstac’s parent training program is a promising intervention for Iranian population.•Parents acquired skills of teaching social interactions to children with autism.•The acquired ...techniques were maintained over a three-month follow-up.•Parent training was effective on autism symptoms and developmental level.•Parent training was effective in decreasing parenting stress and increasing parents’ quality of life.
Today, early interventions to treat autistic children through parent training interventions is of outmost importance. Interventions are focused on developmental or behavioral approaches and are mostly individual or group ones. In the present study, both proposed approaches in the form of structured individual and group parent training sessions among Iranian families are investigated.
This study was a randomized clinical trial which was performed in 2019–2020 in Tehran. Forty four 3–5 year-old children with autism participated in the study and were assigned to experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 22) groups through block randomization method. To evaluate the effectiveness of therapy on autism symptoms, Gilliam Autism Rating and Functional Emotional Assessment Scales were used. Also, Parenting Stress Index and Quality of Life Questionnaire were implemented to investigate the secondary effects of the therapy. After 12 therapy sessions, both groups took the posttest and 3 months later, follow up evaluations were performed.
The treatment group manifested significant improvement regarding autism symptoms in both the posttest and follow up (ŋ2 = .77, P < .05) as well as Functional Emotional Development (ŋ2 = .62, P < .05). Comparing the means indicates that the experimental group mean score is significantly higher in quality of life and lower in parenting stress than the control group’s.
Parent training is effective on autism symptoms and functional emotional development. Regarding the fact that the follow-up phase coincided with Covid-19 pandemic and quarantine, it can be concluded that the therapy has been successful in maintaining the attained capabilities.
El principal objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las asociaciones entre el divorcio parental y el conflicto interparental con la calidad de las relaciones paterno-filiales y materno-filiales, en ...una muestra española de 1078 adultos jóvenes. También se analizó la función moderadora del género de estos adultos jóvenes. Nuestros resultados sugirieron que el conflicto interparental se asocia con relaciones paterno-filiales y materno-filiales de menor calidad, mientras que el divorcio parental se asocia de forma más negativa con la calidad de la relación con el padre que con la madre. Además, el género de los hijos adultos únicamente moderó la asociación entre el divorcio parental y la calidad de las relaciones paterno-filiales, de manera que las mujeres de familias divorciadas obtienen puntuaciones más bajas en la calidad de la relación paterno-filial que las mujeres de familias no divorciadas. Los resultados aportan mayor información a la literatura empírica existente y promueven una mejor comprensión de las asociaciones complejas existentes entre el divorcio y conflicto parental con la calidad de las relaciones parento-filiales, en un contexto cultural donde hay escasa investigación sobre el tema.
The main aim of this study was to analyze the associations between parental divorce and interparental conflict with father-child and mother-child relationship quality, in a Spanish young adult sample. The moderating effect of adult child´s gender was also analyzed. Using a sample of 1,078 Spanish young adults, our results suggested that interparental conflict was more strongly associated with lower mother-child and father-child relationship quality, and that parental divorce was more strongly associated with father-child relationship quality than with mother-child relationship quality. In addition, adult child´s gender only moderated the effect of parental divorce on father-child relationship quality, such that women from divorced families score lower on father-child relationship quality than women from non-divorced families. Findings add to the existing literature and promote a better comprehension of the complex associations between parental divorce and conflict with parent-child relationship quality in an understudied cultural context.
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