Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o vetor de urbanização do Pari – bairro localizado na Zona Leste da cidade de São Paulo – na virada do século XIX para o XX, a partir da elaboração de um ...sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), com base na espacialização dos dados encontrados em livros de transcrição de imóveis (registros de compra e venda de propriedades), entre 1890 e 1900. Composta basicamente por chácaras e terras devolutas, a localidade viveu, naquele momento, o início da sua urbanização, em razão das transformações que atingiam a cidade como todo, motivadas pelo desenvolvimento da economia cafeeira, pelo fim da escravidão, pela imigração em massa e início da sua industrialização. Em um curto espaço de tempo, a capital paulista se expandiu em tamanho, número de pessoas, edifícios e funções. Nesse cenário, as áreas rurais e de várzea ao redor do centro da cidade passaram a ser foco de ocupação, entre elas o Pari. Cortado pela estrada de ferro que ligava a cidade de Santos à de Jundiaí, em 1867, o bairro foi sendo, paulatinamente, retalhado por uma série de ruas, ocupado por indústrias, atividades, serviços e moradores de diferentes classes sociais, impulsionando o mercado de imóveis.Compreender aspectos do processo de apropriação e produção dos espaços dessa localidade, assim como os diferentes grupos sociais envolvidos, auxilia-nos a entender a natureza do processo de urbanização de São Paulo como um todo, suas especificidades e a relação com outras regiões da cidade.
Abstract
Pari Island has 1,441 inhabitants who are facing major environmental challenges related to water consumption and availability. These challenges may impact water quality and availability in ...the future. Previous research examining water usage and sanitation behavior on Pari Island remains limited. Since domestic activities dominate in Pari Island, this study evaluated water sources for domestic usage, estimated water consumption, and evaluated sanitation behavior, as well as community behavior and awareness. This study was based on a field survey using a questionnaire involving 317 heads of household, and had focus group discussions. The results revealed that reverse osmosis (RO) water and branded bottled water were the dominant water sources for drinking and food preparation, and RO water had become an important alternative water source for its affordable price. An individual's well water was mostly used for bathing and toilets. Annual water consumption on Pari Island for drinking, food preparation, and water-related sanitation is 24,930.74–29,401.44 m3/year, which still fell within the estimated water capacity of 290,000.48 m3/year, yet problems related to sanitation need special attention with respect to the increasing population. The awareness of the Pari Island community on technological interventions should be an advantage to maintain water sustainability.
Abstract
Seagrass ecosystem provides many ecosystem services, including provisioning services in which people obtain direct products (e.g., food) from the ecosystem. This study examined the seagrass ...ecosystem provisioning service in Pari Island, Jakarta Bay. The data was collected in May 2021 using questionaries from 97 respondents (40 fishers and 57 non-fishers) living on the island. Our analysis reveals that seagrass ecosystems around Pari Island deliver food sources and income for the local communities. Many species of fishes, shellfishes, shrimps, and swimming crabs are commonly harvested by the local community. The most dominant harvested fishes are rabbitfishes (
Siganus
spp, 85%) and emperor fishes (
Lethrinus
sp, 15%), while the harvested shellfishess are “kerang bulu” (
Anadara
spp, 42%), “buol” (
Venus
sp, 32%), and “kere-kere” (
Grafrarium
spp, 26%). The locals use fishing gear such as nets and handlines to catch fish and use knives, machetes, and crowbars to collect shellfish. Generally, the locals harvest biota in seagrass ecosystems 1-2 times per week, with a time of about 1-2 hours. The harvested biotas serve as protein sources; only a few community members sell it for livelihood. In conclusion, the provisioning services of seagrass ecosystems is manifested as a food sources and livelihood to the local communities.
Abstract only
The goal of this study was to investigate changes in parental attitudes and family variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey methodology was employed to collect the data; the ...questionnaires included a family information form prepared by the researchers and the “Parental Attitude Research Instrument” (PARI), used to examine changes in parental attitudes related to the pandemic. The initial data, collected immediately before the outbreak of COVID-19, were compared with data gathered in May 2020, by which time the pandemic had already spread throughout Turkey. The research sample included 119 mothers with preschool children aged 5—6 years enrolled in four public schools. Our findings indicated that changes in family life and parental attitudes occurred during the pandemic. While scores measuring the two PARI subscales of dependency and egalitarianism and democratic attitudes increased, the scores for rejection of the homemaking role and strictness and authoritarianism decreased. According to the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) results, there was a statistically significant difference between the time measurements (taken before and during the pandemic) with respect to the combined dependent variables of egalitarianism and democratic attitudes and strictness and authoritarianism, even after controlling for the demographic variables.
Целью данного исследования было изучение изменения родительских установок по отношению к разным сторонам семейной жизни во время пандемии COVID-19. Для сбора данных использовался метод анкетирования; опросники включали форму сбора информации о семье, подготовленную исследователями, и «Инструмент исследования родительских установок» (PARI), который использовался для изучения изменений в родительских установках, связанных с пандемией. Исходные данные, собранные непосредственно перед вспышкой COVID-19, сравнивали с данными, собранными в мае 2020 года, когда пандемия уже распространилась по всей Турции. В выборку исследования вошли 119 матерей детей дошкольного возраста (5—6 лет), обучающихся в четырех общеобразовательных школах. Наши данные показали, что во время пандемии произошли изменения в семейной жизни и родительских установках. В то время как количество баллов по таким признакам методики PARI, как зависимость и несамостоятельность матери и партнерские отношения увеличилось, количество баллов по признакам неудовлетворенность ролью хозяйки дома, суровость и излишняя строгость — уменьшилось. Согласно результатам многомерного ковариационного анализа (MANCOVA), была выявлена статистически значимая разница между временем проведения замеров (до и во время пандемии) в отношении комбинированных зависимых переменных — партнерские отношения, суровость и излишняя строгость — даже после контроля демографических переменных.
The effect of a jockey's sex on both pari-mutuel betting odds and race outcomes is examined for a three-year sample of North American thoroughbred races. The results reveal that for all races in ...total, a jockey's sex has no significant impact on the outcome of a race, holding all else constant, including horse quality. However, horseplayers assign a 1.5% higher probability of winning to female jockeys as reflected in their betting behaviour. For the subsample of stakes races, female jockeys are 2% less likely to win, ceteris paribus, but horseplayers do not consider jockey sex to be significant information for these premier races. Thus, the results indicate that horseplayers overestimate the performance of female jockeys in an industry where female jockeys often report significant hurdles to achievement and advancement. We conclude that pari-mutuel betting markets reflect an inefficiency with respect to a jockey's sex and that additional research is needed to uncover the source of this anomaly.
We describe algorithms to represent and compute groups of Hecke characters. We make use of an idèlic point of view and obtain the whole family of such characters, including transcendental ones. We ...also show how to isolate the algebraic characters, which are of particular interest in number theory. This work has been implemented in Pari/GP, and we illustrate our work with a variety of explicit examples using our implementation.
Over the last several decades, courts and legal scholars have struggled with whether or when to consider boilerplate text as contract. Recent attempts to draw all boilerplate text into “contract” ...seek to end that struggle but have shifted contract law away from its traditional focus on enforcing parties’ actual agreements and common understandings. This has required a series of ad hoc “fixes” to contract law reminiscent of the medieval use of “epicycles” to try to square geocentric theories of planetary motion with recalcitrant observations of a nongeocentric universe. This shift has been transforming the meanings of contract law’s central concepts. We view the shift as an undiagnosed paradigm slip, resulting in a generalized theory of “contract” as a mere assumption of risk that allows private obligations to be created unilaterally without reaching the actual agreements required by core contract law principles. Some now call this new sort of obligation “contract.” But it is pseudo-contract, resembling contract without fulfilling its necessary conditions of validity. The recent paradigm slip into pseudo-contract raises a complex blend of linguistic, factual, conceptual, practical, normative, and doctrinal problems. Under the mantle of “contract,” the problems of pseudo-contract have remained largely hidden. In this Article we expose these problems and develop a more nuanced and coherent method of analysis - shared meaning analysis - that courts and other legal analysts can use to determine when any particular piece of boilerplate text does, or does not, contribute an actual term to a contract. Because facts about language have received insufficient attention in discussions of how boilerplate text may (or may not) contribute to contract meaning, we launch our analysis by developing several seminal insights into the dependence of meaning on social cooperation from the language philosopher Paul Grice. Drawing on his insights into language, we develop a contemporary definition of the shared meaning of a contract (or the “common meaning of the parties”) as that meaning that is most consistent with the presupposition that both parties were using language cooperatively to contract. We then offer a simple conceptual test that courts can use to discern this shared meaning, distinguish contractual from noncontractual uses of boilerplate text, and prevent contract from slipping into pseudo-contract. We pay particular attention to diagnosing deceptive or misleading uses of boilerplate text. Using examples ranging widely from clickwrap consumer contracts to high-end boilerplate contracts between sophisticated parties, we show how shared meaning analysis applies generally to many varieties of contract.
Avec La Marmotte philosophe, F. de Beauharnais entend renverser positivement les préjugés associés aux femmes dans le contexte de la querelle des dames. Le babil lui apparaît comme une stratégie ...narrative pour mettre en évidence les propriétés didactiques et morales d’une rhétorique féminine de la légèreté. Ce mode d’expression associé aux femmes devient ici une arme brandie contre les discours rationalistes et l’esprit de système du siècle des Lumières qui exclut les personnes du « beau sexe ».
With La Marmotte philosophe, Fanny de Beauharnais aims to overturn the prejudices associated with women in the context of the “querelle des dames” in France. She uses babbling as a narrative strategy to highlight the didactic and moral properties of a feminine rhetoric of frivolity. This mode of expression, here associated with women, becomes a weapon brandished against the rationalist discourses and the methodological spirit of the Enlightenment, which excluded members of the “ fair sex.”
À partir d’une approche stylistique et pragmatique de la satire du babil, l’article montre comment le choix du mode de discours rapporté, entre actualisation et allusion, permet le réglage d’une ...distance aux paroles représentées. Discours direct stylisé ou discours narrativisé dénoncent chez Marivaux ou Diderot l’insignifiance des propos tenus, voire l’échec de la communication ‒ du simple « bruit » des commérages, à la querelle philosophique. Quand parler, c’est ne rien faire… ou ne rien dire.
Using a stylistic and pragmatic approach to the satire of babbling, this article shows how the choice of the mode of reported speech, between actualization and allusion, allows the author to set the reader at a distance from the represented words. In Marivaux or Diderot, stylized direct discourse and narrative discourse denounce the insignificance of utterances, and even the failure of communication–whether it be the simple “noise” of gossip or philosophical debate. It evokes the idea that to speak is to do nothing... or to say nothing.
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