Nombreux sont les périodiques du dix-huitième siècle français, notamment les « spectateurs », à insérer dans leur titre le terme de « babillard ». C’est un paradoxe quidote la figure du ...moraliste-journaliste d’une ambiguïté nouvelle. Il s’agit de considérer la portée subversive et l’évolution de cette presse babillarde, du début du siècle jusqu’à la Révolution française, et notamment ses rapports contrastés au domaine politique.
Many eighteenth-century French periodicals, especially those known as “Spectateurs,” used the term “babillard” (babbling) in their titles. This is a paradox that brings a new ambiguity to the figure of the moralist-journalist. This work considers the subversive scope and the development of this babbling press from the beginning of the century to the French Revolution, and particularly, its contrasting relations to the political field.
On envisage la figure de la femme écrivante dans les fictions en première personne au xviiie siècle. L’écriture de Marianne chez Marivaux est l’imitation d’une diction babillarde obéissant à une ...rhétorique. Cette parole, jugée insupportable par les contemporains de Marivaux, est corrigée par ses imitateurs. Puis, pour d’autres raisons, l’écriture babillarde se tarit complètement chez les Encyclopédistes. Dans La Religieuse et dans La Nouvelle Héloïse, le retour du tragique sonne la mort du babil.
This work considers the figure of the woman writer in eighteenth century first-person fiction. In Marivaux’s work, Marianne’s writing is a reproduction of a kind of babbling speech that obeys a rhetorical system. This language was considered intolerable by Marivaux’s contemporaries, and was corrected by his imitators. Later, and for other reasons, the writing of babbling disappeared completely from the works of the Encyclopedists, and the return of the tragic in La Religieuse and La Nouvelle Héloïse sounded the knell of babbling.
Dans nombre de textes, Rousseau s’élève contre le « verbiage » des éducateurs et le « flux d’inepties » que déversent les enfants bavards. Si Rousseau, après Montaigne, met en garde contre l’ « ...éducation babillarde », c’est en raison du divorce qu’institue le babil entre le mot et la chose, mais aussi au nom d’un argumentaire moral (en encourageant trop l’enfant à parler, on développe son amour-propre) et d’un argumentaire phonétique (à force de babiller, l’enfant prononce inintelligiblement).
In many texts, Rousseau speaks out against the “verbosity” of educators and the “flow of nonsense” that is emitted by talkative children. Following Montaigne, Rousseau warns against “babbling education,” due to the distance that babbling creates between the word and the object. He also provides a moral argument (by encouraging children to talk excessively, one fosters in them excessive pride) and a phonetic argument (by babbling, children pronounce words unintelligibly).
Si le babillard est celui « qui parle continuellement, et qui ne dit que des choses de néant » (Furetière), dans quelle mesure l’écriture babillarde peut-elle être une écriture du superflu, voire, du ...rien ? Écrire sur rien renverse les catégories axiologiques par lesquelles sont jugées les oeuvres littéraires au xviiie siècle, et met en évidence une des modalités du babil : celle de revendiquer la vanité et la superfluité de toute parole. Mots-clés : babil, brochures, éloge paradoxal, riens.
If the babbler is one “who speaks continually, and says only meaningless things” (Furetière), to what extent can babbling writing be a writing of the superfluous, or even of nothing? Writing about nothing overturns the axiological categories of the eighteenth century, according to which the quality of literary works was assessed, and highlights one of the modalities of babbling: that of assuming the vanity and superfluity of all speech.
Le « babil » chez Rousseau opère dans des registres divers, exception faite de l’acception attendue, le gazouillis de l’infans. Il concerne d’abord une manière de « parler pour ne rien dire » qu’il ...est d’usage de favoriser inconsidérément chez les enfants, en leur formant un esprit volatil et vain. Mais il s’accomplit dans le double cas où il est de règle d’ouvrir son coeur et de « tout dire », celui de la confession et celui de l’intimité. Mots-clés : Jean-Jacques Rousseau, évaporation, accent, confession, intimité.
Rousseau’s use of “babbling” works on a number of levels, but never in the one context readers might expect–that of the noises made by young children. It primarilyrelates to a way of “speaking to say nothing,” which is often thoughtlessly encouraged in children, thereby training their minds to be flighty and vain. But it is also produced in two situations in which it is necessary to open one’s heart and “say everything,” those of confession and intimacy.
Dans le théâtre de Marivaux, le babil ne produit pas seulement un effet comique stigmatisant une parole vaine ou indiscrète, souvent féminine ou ancillaire. Il est aussi une parole éminemment utile, ...dévoilant des sentiments qui font l’objet d’une volonté de dissimulation ou d’oubli chez les personnages tenant le devant de la scène. À replacer enfin ce babil dans le cadre d’une théorie expressive du langage, on mesure les liens étroits qu’il entretient avec l’invention du dramaturge.
In Marivaux’s theater, babbling produces not only a comic effect that condemns vain or indiscreet speech often associated with women or servants. It is also an eminently useful word, unveiling feelings that the main characters want to conceal or forget. Finally, if we consider this babbling in the context of an expressive theory of language, we can see how closely it is linked to the playwright’s own creative process.
Le babillage est étudié en tant que stéréotype du roman-mémoires. Les romans qui s’inscrivent dans le sillage des romans de parvenus de Marivaux sont souvent étudiés comme témoignages des valeurs ...bourgeoises montantes.L’étude de Jeannette seconde de Gaillard de la Bataille révèle cependant les contradictions et tensions sur lesquelles repose la représentation des rapports entre la babillarde subalterne et l’héroïne- narratrice mais aussi le traitement que le roman imprime à ces représentations.
Babbling is studied here as a stereotype of the memoir novel. Novels that follow in the wake of Marivaux’s works about “parvenus,” or social climbers, are often studied as evidence of the emerging bourgeois values of the time. The study of Gaillard de la Bataille’s Jeannette seconde, however, reveals the contradictions and tensions in the novel’s representation of the relationship between the lowly babbler and the heroine narrator, as well as how the novel addresses these representations.
Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with a 2 per 100 000 incidence rate in the world. Overall survival (OS) of patients in stage I–II disease is around 80%, whereas OS of ...patients in stage III-IVB disease drops to 60%, implying the importance of diagnosis to reduce NPC mortality. However, more than 70% patients of NPC were diagnosed at advanced stages (stage III and IV) in clinics, and it definitely contributes to little substantial improvement in the 5-year survival rates although NPC is sensitive to radio-and chemotherapy. Hence, development of novel biomarkers and targetable genes in NPC is eagerly awaited.
Methods
We had analyzed the dataset GSE12452 and found hundreds of genes trans-activated in NPC. Among them, this study focused on PARP-1 binding protein (PARPBP) whose overexpression was also validated in GSE13597 and GSE53819 datasets.
Results
Knockdown of PARPBP significantly reduced cell viability in NPC and also identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes including 377 downregulated and 518 upregulated genes in HONE-1 cells with stably knockdown PARPBP. Furthermore, PARPBP might promote cell migration and invasion in NPC through positive regulation of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C).
Conclusion
The results demonstrate the aberrant expression of PARPBP in NPC, and imply its importance in nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis which further opens up the possibility of PARPBP as a novel diagnostic biomarker for NPC therapy.
Abstract
Pari Island is one of the islands located in the Seribu Islands Regency. Seagrasses on this island are scattered almost around the island. However, development on this island is overgrowing, ...so there is a decrease in the seagrass area. This study aims to determine the community’s perception of the possibility of seagrass restoration on the island. Data collection was conducted in May 2021 through a questionnaire. Respondents were local people of Pari Island. The number of respondents was 104 people consisting of fishers, housewifes, government employees, tourism actors, students, and entrepreneurs. The results showed that, in general, people in Pari Island know the existence of seagrass (99%), understand the functions and benefits of seagrass (100%), and use the biota that lives in the seagrass ecosystem for their lives, as household food needs. Almost all respondents agreed with the seagrass restoration in Pari Island (96%) and voluntarily participated in restoration activities (91%). A total of 90% of respondents agree that there is a regulation on protecting seagrass meadow and say that restoration efforts must involve local communities, Non-Government organizations (NGOs), Research Institutes or Universities, and the Government. Our finding shows that the local community in Pari Island has a deep concern for seagrass restoration.
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