Cities in Tanzania are experiencing a rapid increase in commercial motorcycles as young people see it as an opportunity in the wake of rising unemployment. This has led to the creation of informal ...motorcycle parking spaces, as existing urban planning does not provide specific standards for commercial motorcycle parking spaces. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges of such informal motorcycle parking spaces in urban areas. Structured interviews were conducted to collect statistical data and opinions of motorcyclists on their daily operations. Motorcycle drivers and users were interviewed to gather qualitative information on the criteria used in locating informal parking, activities or land uses that attract motorcyclists to a particular location, operation and management rules for parking, parking challenges facing motorcyclists, services needed at each motorcycle parking, tenure and ownership of motorcycle parking, potential areas for motorcycle parking, and the trend of motorcycle informal parking space use. The observation method was used to identify different locations of motorcycle parking spaces and users of motorcycles at different times of the day. The results indicate that informal motorcycle parking spaces in urban areas are associated with a wide range of challenges such as urban crimes, lack of formal parking spaces, lack of motorcycle infrastructure, encroachment of road reserves, encroachment of private spaces, road accidents, and environmental deterioration. This research recommends integrating motorcycles into formal transport systems and using geospatial techniques to establish suitable locations for motorcycle parking spaces. The study also recommends the inclusion of parking spaces in land use plans to ensure sustainable transport.
In Tanzania, the increase in the number of commercial motorcycles operating in the urban areas has resulted to the establishment of informal parking spaces in various parts of towns and cities. This ...research aimed to explore the criteria used by commercial motorcycle operators to establish informal motorcycle parking spaces in urban areas. The study on the influence of land use on the spatial distribution of informal motorcycle parking spaces applied triangulation techniques to ensure the validity and reliability of the collected data. Different methods of data collection were used to collect data and also different sources of data were used to get the data needed to answer the research questions. Both primary and secondary data collection methods were employed in the process of data collection. Structured interviews were used to collect primary data from motorcycle operators or drivers in each ward. The data about motorcycle operation, access to spaces, parking management, and criteria for selecting an area for motorcycles were collected through structured interviews. Structured interviews allowed the collection of statistical data and opinions of motorcyclists on their daily operations of motorcycles. An interview with motorcyclists indicated that despite the existing motorcycle parking spaces that were not formally planned in town planning drawings; still, they have some criteria that are used before deciding to locate a motorcycle parking space. About 59 of respondents, which is equivalent to 98.3%, argued that places with high movement of people are the main criteria for locating informal motorcycle parking followed by availability of spaces 81.6%, presence of commercial activities 76.6%, and accessibility to parking space which accounted to 33.3%. The study concludes that informal criteria used by a motorcyclist to establish informal motorcycle parking spaces aim to establish parking at strategic locations.
In the preservation of historical areas, past reconstructions serve as a medium to convey the meanings embodied by physical structures of the past to contemporary audiences. In the case of the ...Shikemichi area, the process of modernization of Nagoya Port has transformed its urban spatial status and structure, where the generation of open spaces marked by parking spaces has played a significant role. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to examine the potential impact of parking spaces on 5 types of past reconstruction in the process of redevelopment of the area’s historical identity, considering both historical and contemporary spatial structure.
In regions where the land available is scarce it is of special interest to deploy solar photovoltaic energy without occupying additional land. Besides solar roofs, which have already been extensively ...studied, there are other type of constructions that could be used for the deployment of solar photovoltaic such as car parking spaces and big water deposits. No much attention has been given so far to these type of elements that could potentially been used to deploy solar photovoltaic energy. So the aim of this research is to establish how relevant can these type of surfaces be in terms of solar energy production. For this purpose a methodology has been developed to identify the surfaces corresponding to uncovered parking spaces and water deposit at regional level using cartographic information, first, and, secondly, to estimate how much of these areas could be used to deploy solar photovoltaic energy. This methodology has been applied to one insular region, the Canary Islands, and the results are surprising in terms of the potentiality of these type of elements for the deployment of solar photovoltaic energy which could cover around 9% of the whole regional electricity demand.
By allocating idle private parking spaces to demanders, shared parking reuses idle resources and effectively alleviates parking problems. In practice, there may be parking unpunctuality behavior of ...demanders, as well as the potential no-show behavior of owners and demanders. These stochastic factors affect the allocation of shared parking spaces. In this paper, we study the shared parking spaces allocation problem considering parking unpunctuality and no-shows. First, the allocation problem considering parking unpunctuality is formulated as a stochastic programming model, with the objective to maximize the profit of the shared parking platform. Sample average approximation (SAA) combined with an accelerating Benders decomposition (ABD) algorithm is exploited to solve the model effectively, where initial optimality cuts are explored to speed up the convergence of the algorithm. Then the proposed approach is extended to incorporate no-shows. Numerical experiments show great performance of the proposed approach. The experiments also show that the fluctuations of the unpunctual time and the no-show probability have a significant impact on the shared parking system, and balanced supply and demand is helpful to increase the profit of the platform and the satisfaction of demanders.
•The lack of freight parking spaces is one of the main problems in Brazilian cities.•Increasing loading and unloading spaces can be an efficient and lowcost measure.•The use of FTG models may ...estimate daily trips and quantify the demand for parking.•New loading and unloading spaces are proposed based on the freight parking demand.•City Logistics measures have the potential to improve and reduce parking demand.
The objective of this study is to analyze the demand for loading and unloading parking spaces in the Brazilian cities of São João Dei Rei and Itajubá, in the state of Minas Gerais, using freight trip generation models. The number of employees is used as an independent variable to generate the models. The results showed that the studied regions receive an average of 539 and 709 trips daily. This is problematic since currently available exclusive parking spaces for loading/unloading cover only 18% of the estimated demand in São João Del Rei and 34.5% in Itajubá. Based on these results, this study proposes new locations. It suggests City Logistics measures that could be used in conjunction with the allocation of new parking spots to reduce the demand for loading/unloading spaces.
Lack of parking spaces at downtown hospitals causes urban problems like patient access delays and additional carbon emissions. This paper proposes a cumulative prospect theory-based shared parking ...space allocation model (CPT-SPSA model) to alleviate the parking difficulties. The CPT-SPSA model aims to maximize the profit of the shared parking platform under time window constraints considering the parking choice behavior of hospital parkers. To determine the parking choice behavior, cumulative prospect theory (CPT) is utilized to model parkers' evaluation of parking lots considering individual heterogeneity. Numerical experiments indicate that the profit of the platform and the utilization rate of the shared parking spaces are improved significantly and more successful matches of shared parking supply and demand are achieved under the CPT-SPSA model. Those with different parking purposes vary in acceptance of each parking lot. The platform can earn more profit by reasonably adjusting the parking fees of the shared parking spaces.
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