Park and Ride (P&R) as a demand management tool has the effect of reducing traffic congestion in urban centers, saving energy and reducing pollutant emissions. Since 2000, many cities in China have ...been constructing P&R facilities, which have partially alleviated urban traffic congestion and provided a time-reliable mode of travel for commuters heading to urban centers. However, in recent years, due to the pricing policy of the P&R facility, there has been an insufficient supply of P&R facilities in many places. In fact, the P&R system prefers to welcome travelers who make long-distance subway rides and does not want those who make short-distance subway rides to occupy more parking spaces. To address this, this paper proposes a tiered pricing strategy that considers charging parking fees based on the distance traveled by commuters after switching to public transportation, to improve the utilization of P&R. That is, charge less for parking for long-distance subway riders and more for short-distance subway riders. Firstly, based on questionnaire data from SP surveys, a fixed pricing mixed logit model (FP model) and a tiered pricing mixed logit model (TP model) for P&R facilities are constructed. Utilizing two models, we explored the mechanisms underpinning traveler’s mode choice influenced by daily habits and travel considerations through the comparison of the two models to validate the effectiveness of the tiered pricing for P&R facilities. The study found that the implementation of a tiered pricing method for P&R facilities increases its attractiveness to long-distance subway ride travelers, resulting in a higher proportion of long-distance subway riders among P&R commuters. In the study’s last section, a marginal effect analysis was conducted on the per-kilometer cost (Pkm) within the P&R model. This analysis determined the optimal Pkm for three subway travel distances within the P&R model. Consequently, it calculated the corresponding P&R parking fees for these three subway travel distances. Additionally, we have predicted the implementation effects of the tiered pricing scheme.
Parking problems caused by a lack of parking spaces have exacerbated traffic congestion and worsened environmental pollution. An analysis of the cruising process for parking can provide new ...perspectives to reduce cruising. Based on a parking survey conducted in Beijing, the authors collected a large amount of trajectory data of cruising vehicles. Then, fluctuation indexes of trajectories were proposed to analyse travellers’ cruising processes for parking. The spectral clustering method based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) was used to recognise the cruising trajectories. The recognition performance for three-dimensional trajectory data is better. Cruising trajectories for Clusters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 have large fluctuations and a weightier effect on road traffic. These groups can be taken as target groups for intelligent parking guidance and recommendations. The recognition accuracies for parking location and parking status increase with increasing intercepted trajectory lengths. 150 m from far to near the desired destination can be used as a threshold of the cruising trajectory length to accurately predict travellers’ parking location and status. These research results can be applied in intelligent parking systems to dynamically predict parking situations, formulate parking guidance schemes and information release strategies, and improve parking efficiency.
In view of the imperfect construction and the widespread loss on domestic expressway service areas, simply relying on the capital and human resources investment cannot improve the economic benefits ...efficiently. The M-Expressway service area is one of the most representative service areas in the Shanghai-Nanjing region. In this optimization project, we optimized the main revenue item and allocated parking spaces based on profit contributions, finally optimized the parking layout. With profit as the core, we linked the scattered business in the service area and achieved the goal of sequential optimization and overall optimization.
A new methodology for multi-step-ahead forecasting was proposed herein which combined the wavelet transform (WT), artificial neural network (ANN) and forecasting strategies based on the changing ...characteristics of available parking spaces (APS). First, several APS time series were decomposed and reconstituted by the wavelet transform. Then, using an artificial neural network, the following five strategies for multi-step-ahead time series forecasting were used to forecast the reconstructed time series: recursive strategy, direct strategy, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) strategy, DIRMO strategy (a combination of the direct and MIMO strategies), and newly proposed recursive multi-input multi-output (RECMO) strategy which is a combination of the recursive and MIMO strategies. Finally, integrating the predicted results with the reconstructed time series produced the final forecasted available parking spaces. Three findings appear to be consistently supported by the experimental results. First, applying the wavelet transform to multi-step ahead available parking spaces forecasting can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy. Second, the forecasting resulted from the DIRMO and RECMO strategies is more accurate than that of the other strategies. Finally, the RECMO strategy requires less model training time than the DIRMO strategy and consumes the least amount of training time among five forecasting strategies.
Este escrito aborda cómo la bicicleta se ha incorporado al paisaje doméstico de la ciudad de Santiago, en particular en el sector comercial de Providencia, en el oriente de la ciudad. A través de una ...observación sistemática del espacio comunal se registró el número de bicicletas aparcadas en estacionamientos formales e informales de calles y pasajes en un área de más de 20 manzanas. Estos resultados fueron luego comparados con los usos comerciales de la comuna, tanto en lo que respecta a la densidad de bicicletas por metro cuadrado comercial, como la distancia de estas respecto del comercio establecido.
Purpose. The problems of limited public parking spaces as well as the growing number of individual cars in mega-cities are very important, because of the growing number of individual and public cars, ...and limited open spaces in road infrastructure. Methodology. The online survey, conducted by marketing specialists of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics had been identified, whether the citizens of Moscow are satisfied with the organization of parking spaces. Approach. 1263 questionnaires were collected to analyze and rank the administrative districts of Moscow City in the framework of a cluster analysis with the use of Ward Method and Euclidean length. Findings. As a result, five clusters of administrative districts of the City were developed in accordance with customer (car owners) satisfaction with number, and quality of parking spaces in different districts, where respondents are living and where they are working. The recommendations of this study can be addressed to the Moscow City government to improve parking management and may be used in further studies of City citizens' satisfaction with other parameters of living conditions.
Abstract
Mit Connected Parking bietet das Technologie‐ und Dienstleistungsunternehmen Bosch smarte Services, um die Parkplatzsuche zu vereinfachen und die daraus resultierenden Folgen zu entschärfen. ...So wird künftig mit der Hilfe der Services „Aktives Parkraum‐Management” und „Community‐based Parking” ein Blick auf das Navigationsgerät oder das Smartphone genügen, um den nächstgelegenen freien Parkplatz am Straßenrand, auf Parkplätzen oder im Parkhaus zu finden. Ermöglicht wird dies durch größtenteils bereits serienmäßig installierte Fahrzeugsensorik sowie infrastrukturseitig verbaute Bodensensoren, die freie Stellplätze erkennen und zentral sammeln. Parkplatzsuchende erhalten die Informationen über Parklücken in Echtzeit und können so direkt und ohne Umwege zu freien Stellplätzen geführt werden. Hierdurch werden die Parkprobleme im innerstädtischen Raum deutlich vermindert und die Lebensqualität erhöht. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Minderung des Parksuchverkehrs durch die Connected‐Parking‐Services der Ausstoß von Fahrzeugemissionen in der Stadt reduziert.
Im Zuge des „Automated Valet Parking” erfolgt der Einparkvorgang voll automatisiert und fahrerlos. Der Parkplatzsuchende gibt hierbei sein Auto an der Einfahrt zu Parkplätzen oder Parkhäusern ab und lässt es mithilfe der intelligenten Infrastruktur selbstständig zum freien Parkplatz fahren und parken. Hiervon profitieren zudem die Parkraumbetreiber durch die Effizienzsteigerung der vorhandenen Parkräume, da signifikant mehr Fahrzeuge auf derselben Fläche untergebracht werden können.
Abstract
Connected Parking – a vision becomes reality – welcome to the new world of parking
Vehicles searching for a parking space are currently one of the most critical traffic problems in numerous cities throughout the world and cause of up to 30 % of inner‐city traffic. For motorists, this means spending an unnecessary amount of time looking for a parking space. For cities, this results in increased air pollution and noise emissions, which present them with great challenges especially in respect to environmental protection and quality of life.
Bosch, the supplier of technology and services offers with Connected Parking smart services that take the hassle out of finding a parking space and alleviate the consequences. With the services ”Active Parking Lot Management“ and ”Community‐based Parking“, a glance at the navigation system or smartphone will be enough to find the nearest free parking space on the side of the street, in a parking lot or in a car park. This is made possible by vehicle sensors that are mainly already installed as standard as well as ground sensors integrated in the infrastructure. Those sensors detect free parking spaces and collect them centrally. Drivers looking for a parking space receive information on free parking spots in real time and can thereby be led directly to free parking spaces without any detours. This considerably reduces parking problems in inner city areas and increases quality of life. At the same time, the decrease in traffic looking for parking spaces through Connected Parking services also reduces vehicle emissions in the city.
With ”Automated Valet Parking“, parking is done fully automatically and driverless. The person looking for a parking space gives up his or her car at the entrance to a parking lot or parking garage and lets the vehicle drive autonomously to a free parking space and park there guided by the intelligent infrastructure. Also car park operators' benefit from ”Automated Valet Parking“ through the increased efficiency of existing parking spaces since significantly more vehicles can be accommodated in the same area.
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