In this book, Maxine Berg explores the invention, making, and buying of new, semi-luxury, and fashionable consumer goods during the eighteenth century. It follows these goods, from china tea ware to ...all sorts of metal ornaments such as candlesticks, cutlery, buckles, and buttons, as they were made and shopped for, then displayed in the private domestic settings of Britain's urban middling classes. It tells the stories and analyses the developments that led from a global trade in Eastern luxuries beginning in the sixteenth century to the new global trade in British-made consumer goods by the end of the eighteenth century. These new products, regarded as luxuries by the rapidly growing urban and middling-class people of the eighteenth century, played an important part in helping to proclaim personal identities,and guide social interaction. Customers enjoyed shopping for them; they took pleasure in their beauty, ingenuity or convenience. All manner of new products appeared in shop windows; sophisticated mixed-media advertising seduced customers and created new wants. This unparalleled 'product revolution' provoked philosophers and pundits to proclaim a 'new luxury', one that reached out to the middling and trading classes, unlike the elite and corrupt luxury of old. Luxury and Pleasure in Eighteenth Century Britain is cultural history at its best, built on a fresh empirical base drawn directly from customs accounts, advertising material, company papers, and contemporary correspondence. Maxine Berg traces how this new consumer society of the eighteenth century and the products first traded, then invented to satisfy it, stimulated industrialization itself. Global markets for the consumer goods of private and domestic life inspired the industrial revolution and British products 'won the world'. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/history/9780199215287/toc.html
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore a broader understanding of the role of Cypriot school principals’ personal identities, through a values system perspective, when exercising their ...leadership.
Design/methodology/approach
A multicase study methodology was followed with five school principals, representing five different leadership styles. In each case, an in-depth investigation of the school principal’s personal identity was undertaken. School principals’ personal values were explored during interviews, staff meetings and daily activities observations, as well as through the use of the think-aloud protocol method. This study utilized the Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values, as well as the Pashiardis–Brauckmann Holistic Leadership Framework, as the guiding theoretical framework.
Findings
School principals’ personal identities in Cyprus seem to influence, to some extent, their daily leadership practice. However, particular factors associated with the context in which they live (social identity) and work (professional identity), seemed to be affecting the personal values embedded throughout their personal identities.
Research limitations/implications
Five school principals are not enough to make generalizations on the relationships between leadership styles and values. However, through this paper, the authors sought to provide examples on how school principals’ personal identities influence their leadership practice.
Practical implications
The findings highlight the important role and attention to school principals’ personal identities, beyond the core management and leadership courses. The findings also shed light on the importance of looking more closely at contextual elements “outside” and “inside” the school and to what extent these could influence school principals’ personal identities.
Originality/value
This paper offers insights into school principals’ personal identities, through a values system perspective, and how these personal identities influence their leadership practice.
In this article, I claim that social identity theory, a founding contribution to the social-psychological study of intergroup differentiation, has suffered from a lack of consideration of notions ...pertaining to the hierarchical arrangement of groups in the society (social status, power, and domination). The major role of social hierarchies in accounting for social identification is then illustrated by a series of recent experimental and field studies. The findings from this research highlight the complexity of social identifications. They show that members of the high-status group emphasize identifications at the personal level, whereas members of the low-status group emphasize more collective and depersonalized identifications. These tendencies lead to a broader conceptualization of the notion of social group.
The starting point is the principle that there is no immigrant culture, but rather, different ways of living, coexisting and identifying oneself within the cultural worlds that each subject crosses ...on his or her social path. Here we study Brazilian immigrants in Portugal, working with the first wave (starting at the end of the 1980s) and the second wave (at the turn of the 20th to 21st century). We intend, firstly, to show how identity is reconstructed between two banks: the departure culture and the arrival culture. Secondly, we intend to give a voice to the most silent in the understanding of immigrants: the process of identity reconstruction of Brazilian immigrants is presented, resulting from ethno-biographic interviews. We will consider the cultural transfusion theory and observe the heterogeneous ways of living between cultures, whether by rejecting the departure culture (the Oblato's case), refusing the arrival one at a given moment (the mono-cultural subject according to the source culture), living in an ambivalent manner between the two (the multicultural self), or, finally, inventing a third bank, as the poets say, which corresponds to an attitude of including the cultural differences through which one crosses during his or her life history in an intercultural self (the Intercultural Transfuga).
The image of the Jewish child hiding from the Nazis was shaped by Anne Frank, whose house-the most visited site in the Netherlands- has become a shrine to the Holocaust. Yet while Anne Frank's story ...continues to be discussed and analyzed, her experience as a hidden child in wartime Holland is anomalous-as this book brilliantly demonstrates. Drawing on interviews with seventy Jewish men and women who, as children, were placed in non-Jewish families during the Nazi occupation of Holland, Diane L. Wolf paints a compelling portrait of Holocaust survivors whose experiences were often diametrically opposed to the experiences of those who suffered in concentration camps. Although the war years were tolerable for most of these children, it was the end of the war that marked the beginning of a traumatic time, leading many of those interviewed here to remark, "My war began after the war." This first in-depth examination of hidden children vividly brings to life their experiences before, during, and after hiding and analyzes the shifting identities, memories, and family dynamics that marked their lives from childhood through advanced age. Wolf also uncovers anti-Semitism in the policies and practices of the Dutch state and the general population, which historically have been portrayed as relatively benevolent toward Jewish residents. The poignant family histories inBeyond Anne Frankdemonstrate that we can understand the Holocaust more deeply by focusing on postwar lives.
We are dealing with different entities, they form patterns of behaviour and pupils may belong to different socio-cultural segments through the origin, language, religion, values, mentalities and ...attitudes towards the world. In our community the Romanians the majority and they are living with Hungarian, Germans, Gypsies, the Hungarians being the most representative ethno-cultural group in Tirgu Mures (from Transylvania, Romania).The purpose of our research is to capture in what way this multicultural school environment influences the adolescents in perceiving people from another culture, taking in consideration the ethnic criteria. In order to reveal the perception between Romanian and Hungarian teenagers, we have applied the “Social Distance” Test, inspired from the research of Bogardus. The “Social distance” reveals the behavioural intentions, the degree of acceptance of people from two different ethno-cultural groups.
This chapter focuses on those women who were directly active in Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA), including in the military front, from the mid-1960s to the early 1980s. It analyses the gender roles, ...relationships and politics inside ETA, as well as evidence of women's changing activities and media representations of female ‘terrorists’ during this period. The interview with two female activists from different generations reveals ways in which these activists constructed personal and political identities within a set of ideas in which militarism was associated with masculinity and pacifism with maternity.
Research has shown founders' identities have a significant impact on their ventures. Yet, the process through which founder identity evolves and takes shape remains relatively unexplained. This paper ...explores the evolution of founder identity through a qualitative study of first-time sustainable entrepreneurs, and their stakeholders, over a three years period. Our analysis revealed the importance of personal identity, the aspect of the self that defines a person as a unique individual based largely on values and beliefs. We found that first-time founders sought to align their personal identity with their evolving founder identity over time. Based on these findings we theorize a process model of founder authenticity work, defined as the activities founders engage in to feel and seem authentic while engaged in entrepreneurial action. This study thus details the significance of personal identity as a guidepost for founder identity evolution, complementing extant founder identity studies focused on role and social identities. In addition, our analysis enriches the current conceptualization of authenticity in entrepreneurship research by linking it to validation of personal identity and highlighting its negotiated nature in the evolution of authentic founder identities.
•The evolution of founder identity•The importance of personal identity as a guidepost for founder identity•Sustainable entrepreneurs' process of founder authenticity work•Authenticity in terms of its personal, well-being role for founders
The True Self Strohminger, Nina; Knobe, Joshua; Newman, George
Perspectives on psychological science,
07/2017, Letnik:
12, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A long tradition of psychological research has explored the distinction between characteristics that are part of the self and those that lie outside of it. Recently, a surge of research has begun ...examining a further distinction. Even among characteristics that are internal to the self, people pick out a subset as belonging to the true self. These factors are judged as making people who they really are, deep down. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the true self and identify features that distinguish people’s understanding of the true self from their understanding of the self more generally. In particular, we consider recent findings that the true self is perceived as positive and moral and that this tendency is actor-observer invariant and cross-culturally stable. We then explore possible explanations for these findings and discuss their implications for a variety of issues in psychology.
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