We investigate executive employment gaps (hereafter, gaps) between the appointment of an external CEO at a public firm and the individual's prior executive position at a public company. These gaps ...cannot be reliably obtained from common databases. We hand-collect data for externally hired CEOs at public companies from 1992 to 2014. These CEOs represent approximately 40% of the 5,095 CEO successions and have a mean gap of 1.9 years. The gap increases to 3.2 years for the subset of new hires with a gap. We hypothesize that labor market frictions and executive skill sets contribute to the existence and length of these gaps. Using theories from labor economics, we predict (equilibrium) associations between two measures of "fit" (executive compensation and long-term match quality) and gaps (both existence and length). Finally, we provide descriptive evidence on what executives do (e.g., sit on boards, work for private consulting companies, or consume leisure) during their gaps. This project was subject to and published through a registered report process. Any tests that were not included in the accepted proposal are marked as unplanned analyses.
A Heavy Reckoning Mayhew, Emily; Topiwala, Kirty
2017, 2017-05-25
eBook
What happens when you reach the threshold of life and death - and come back?
As long as humans have lived on the planet, there have been wars, and injured soldiers and civilians. But today, as we ...engage in wars with increasingly sophisticated technology, we are able to bring people back from ever closer encounters with death.
Historian Emily Mayhew explores the reality of medicine and injury in wartime, from the trenches of World War One to the plains of Afghanistan and the rehabilitation wards of Headley Court in Surrey. Mixing vivid and compelling stories of unexpected survival with astonishing insights from the front line of medicine, A Heavy Reckoning is a book about how far we have come in saving, healing and restoring the human body.
From the plastic surgeon battling to restore function to a blasted hand to the double amputee learning to walk again on prosthetic legs, Mayhew gives us a new understanding of the limits of human life and the extraordinary costs paid physically and mentally by casualties all over the world.
At the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), a multi-tiered military-civilian partnership (MCP) has evolved since 2006. We aimed to outline this model to facilitate potential replication ...nationally.
We performed a comprehensive review of the partnership between UAB, the United States Air Force Special Operations Command, and the Department of Defense (DoD) reviewing key documents and conducting interviews with providers. As a purely descriptive study, this project did not involve any patient data acquisition or analysis and therefore was exempt from institutional review board approval per institutional policy.
At the time of this review, six core programs existed targeting training, clinical proficiency, and research. Training: (1) The Special Operations Center for Medical Integration and Development trains up to 144 combat medics yearly. (2) UAB trains one integrated military Surgery resident yearly with two additional civilian-sponsored military residents in Emergency Medicine. (3) UAB's Surgical Critical Care Fellowship had one National Guard member with two incoming Active-Duty, one Reservist and one prior service member in August 2022. Clinical Proficiency: (4) UAB hosts four permanently assigned United States Air Force Special Operations Command Special Operations Surgical Teams composed of general surgeons, anesthesiologists, certified registered nurse anesthetists, surgical technologists, emergency physicians, critical care registered nurses, and respiratory therapists totaling 24 permanently assigned active-duty health care professionals. (5) In addition, two fellowship-trained Air Force Trauma Critical Care Surgeons, one Active-Duty and one Reservist, are permanently assigned to UAB. These clinicians participate fully and independently in the routine care of patients alongside their civilian counterparts. Research: (6) UAB's Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery is currently conducting nine DoD-funded research projects totaling $6,482,790, and four research projects with military relevance funded by other agencies totaling $15,357,191.
The collaboration between UAB and various elements within the DoD illustrates a comprehensive approach to MCP. Replicating appropriate components of this model nationally may aid in the development of a truly integrated trauma system best prepared for the challenges of the future.
Economic and Value-based Evaluations; Level IV.
Reducing HIV-related stigma may enhance the quality of HIV prevention and care services and is a national prevention goal. The objective of this systematic review was to identify studies of ...HIV-related stigma among healthcare providers. For studies published between 2010 and 2017, we: (1) searched databases using our keywords, (2) excluded nonpeer reviewed studies, (3) limited the findings to the provider perspective and studies conducted in the United States, (4) extracted and summarized the data, and (5) conducted a contextual review to identify common themes. Of 619 studies retrieved, 6 were included, with 3 themes identified: (1) attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors (n = 6), (2) quality of patient care (n = 3), and (3) education and training (n = 2). Factors associated with HIV-related stigma varied by gender, race, provider category, and clinical setting. Providers with limited recent HIV-stigma training were more likely to exhibit stigmatizing behaviors toward patients. Developing provider-centered stigma-reduction interventions may help advance national HIV prevention and care goals.
COVID‐19 is a pandemic that began in China in December 2019. World health organization (WHO) has expressed fears that Pakistan might emerge as the next epicenter of this pandemic. We hypothesize that ...at present the Pakistani masses are not prepared to face any threat of a looming epidemic. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of educational and health care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID‐19, its control, and prevention. Knowledge about origin, symptoms, and spread of viral infection was assessed. In this cross‐sectional survey, a self‐designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. Results were analyzed using the χ2 test. Obtained results validate our null hypothesis that Pakistani masses are not well aware of the COVID‐19 and strategies for the prevention and control of infection. The study concluded that individuals belonging to the front‐line workers and high literacy groups are not prepared for the alarming situation in the country. Effectual implementation of infection control programs should be practiced, and it depends on awareness, training, and cooperation of individuals.
Highlights
Pakistan is facing a looming threat of COVID‐19 epidemic.
Strict measures need to be taken to avert the threat of COVID‐19.
Vigilant training sessions should be carried out for front‐line workers.
Effect of Vaccination on Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Shah, Anoop S V; Gribben, Ciara; Bishop, Jennifer ...
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
10/2021, Letnik:
385, Številka:
18
Journal Article
The new forms of organization of healthcare services entail the development of new clinical practices that are grounded in collaboration. Despite recent advances in research on the subject of ...collaboration, there is still a need for a better understanding of collaborative processes and for conceptual tools to help healthcare professionals develop collaboration amongst themselves in complex systems. This study draws on D'Amour's structuration model of collaboration to analyze healthcare facilities offering perinatal services in four health regions in the province of Quebec. The objectives are to: 1) validate the indicators of the structuration model of collaboration; 2) evaluate interprofessional and interorganizational collaboration in four health regions; and 3) propose a typology of collaboration
A multiple-case research strategy was used. The cases were the healthcare facilities that offer perinatal services in four health regions in the province of Quebec (Canada). The data were collected through 33 semi-structured interviews with healthcare managers and professionals working in the four regions. Written material was also analyzed. The data were subjected to a "mixed" inductive-deductive analysis conducted in two main stages: an internal analysis of each case followed by a cross-sectional analysis of all the cases.
The collaboration indicators were shown to be valid, although some changes were made to three of them. Analysis of the data showed great variation in the level of collaboration between the cases and on each dimension. The results suggest a three-level typology of collaboration based on the ten indicators: active collaboration, developing collaboration and potential collaboration.
The model and the typology make it possible to analyze collaboration and identify areas for improvement. Researchers can use the indicators to determine the intensity of collaboration and link it to clinical outcomes. Professionals and administrators can use the model to perform a diagnostic of collaboration and implement interventions to intensify it.
Our research assessed the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among mental health providers working with military patients. We also investigated personal, work-related, and ...exposure-related correlates of STS. Finally, using meta-analysis, the mean level of STS symptoms in this population was compared with the mean level of these symptoms in other groups. Participants (N = 224) completed measures of indirect exposure to trauma (i.e., diversity, volume, frequency, ratio), appraisal of secondary exposure impact, direct exposure to trauma, STS, and work characteristics. The prevalence of STS was 19.2%. Personal history of trauma, complaints about having too many patients, and more negative appraisals of the impact caused by an indirect exposure to trauma were associated with higher frequency of STS symptoms. A meta-analysis showed that the severity of intrusion, avoidance, and arousal symptoms of STS was similar across various groups of professionals indirectly exposed to trauma (e.g., mental health providers, rescue workers, social workers).
This study evaluated the impact of a safe injection safety training on healthcare worker (HCW) practice and knowledge following an HIV outbreak in Roka commune, Cambodia.
Surveys were conducted at ...baseline (September 2016) and seven months after a training intervention (March 2018) using the World Health Organization standardized injection practices assessment tool. HCWs were sampled at 15 purposively government health facilities in two provinces. HCWs were observed during injection practices and interviewed by trained experts from Becton-Dickinson and the Ministry of Health Cambodia. The Rao-Scott chi square test was used test for differences between baseline and follow-up.
We completed 115 observations of practice at baseline and 206 at post-training follow-up. The proportion of patients whose identification was confirmed by HCWs prior to procedure being performed increased from 40.4% to 98% (p <0.0001). The proportion of HCWs who practiced correct hand hygiene increased from 22.0% to 80.6% (p = 0.056) therapeutic observations and 17.2% to 63.4% (p = 0.0012) diagnostic observations. Immediate disposal of sharps by HCWs decreased from 96.5% to 92.5% (p = 0.0030).
We found significant improvements in the practice of patient identity confirmation and hand hygiene but not in the immediate disposal of sharps in the post-training intervention. However, findings are not representative of all HCWs in the country. Further pre-service and in-service training and monitoring are necessary to ensure sustained behavior change.
In this experience sampling study, the authors examined the role of organizational leaders in employees' emotional experiences. Data were collected from health care workers 4 times a day for 2 weeks. ...Results indicate supervisors were associated with employee emotions in 3 ways: (a) Employees experienced fewer positive emotions when interacting with their supervisors as compared with interactions with coworkers and customers; (b) employees with supervisors high on transformational leadership experienced more positive emotions throughout the workday, including interactions with coworkers and customers; and (c) employees who regulated their emotions experienced decreased job satisfaction and increased stress, but those with supervisors high on transformational leadership were less likely to experience decreased job satisfaction. The results also suggest that the effects of emotional regulation on stress are long lasting (up to 2 hr) and not easily reduced by leadership behaviors.
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