This book argues that knowledge management and HRM systems should be integrated. This integration provides the foundation for designing knowledge-oriented high-performance HR practices.
Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental illness that affects current and former military service members at a disproportionately higher rate than the civilian population. ...Prior studies have shown that PTSD symptoms follow multiple trajectories in civilians and military personnel. The current study examines whether the trajectories of PTSD symptoms of veterans separated from the military are similar to continuously serving military personnel. The Millennium Cohort Study is a population-based study of military service members that commenced in 2001 with follow-up assessments occurring approximately every 3 years thereafter. PTSD symptoms were assessed at each time point using the PTSD Checklist. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to compare PTSD symptom trajectories between personnel who separated (veterans; n = 5292) and personnel who remained in military service (active duty; n = 16,788). Four distinct classes (resilient, delayed-onset, improving, and elevated-recovering) described PTSD symptoms trajectories in both veterans and active duty personnel. Trajectory shapes were qualitatively similar between active duty and veterans. However, within the resilient, improving, and elevated recovering classes, the shapes were statistically different. Although the low-symptom class was the most common in both groups (veterans: 82%; active duty: 87%), veterans were more likely to be classified in the other three classes (in all cases, p < 0.01). The shape of each trajectory was highly similar between the two groups despite differences in military and civilian life.
This Element reviews the evidence for three workplace conditions that matter for improving quality and safety in healthcare: staffing; psychological safety, teamwork, and speaking up; and staff ...health and well-being at work. The authors propose that these are environmental prerequisites for improvement. They examine the relationship between staff numbers and skills in delivering care and the attainment of quality of care and the ability to improve it. They present evidence for the importance of psychological safety, teamwork, and speaking up, noting that these are interrelated and critical for healthcare improvement. They present evidence of associations between staff well-being at work and patient outcomes. Finally, they suggest healthcare improvement should be embedded into the day-to-day work of frontline staff; adequate time and resources must be provided, with quality as the mainstay of professionals' work. Every day at every level, the working context must support the question 'how could we do this better?' This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Substantial media attention has focused on suicide among Canadian Public Safety Personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police). The attention has raised ...significant concerns about the mental health impact of public safety service, as well as interest in the correlates for risk of suicide. There have only been two published studies assessing lifetime suicidal behaviors among Canadian PSP. The current study was designed to assess past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts amongst a large diverse sample of Canadian PSP. Estimates of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were derived from self-reported data from a nationally administered online survey. Participants included 5,148 PSP (33.4% women) grouped into six categories (i.e., Call Centre Operators/Dispatchers, Correctional Workers, Firefighters, Municipal/Provincial Police, Paramedics, Royal Canadian Mounted Police). Substantial proportions of participants reported past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation (10.1%, 27.8%), planning (4.1%, 13.3%), or attempts (0.4%, 4.6%). Women reported significantly more lifetime suicidal behaviors than men (ORs = 1.15 to 2.62). Significant differences were identified across PSP categories in reports of past-year and lifetime suicidal behaviors. The proportion of Canadian PSP reporting past-year and lifetime suicidal behaviors was substantial. The estimates for lifetime suicidal behaviors appear consistent with or higher than previously published international PSP estimates, and higher than reports from the general population. Municipal/Provincial Police reported the lowest frequency for past-year and lifetime suicidal behaviors, whereas Correctional Workers and Paramedics reported the highest. The results provide initial evidence that substantial portions of diverse Canadian PSP experience suicidal behaviors, therein warranting additional resources and research.
Le nombre de suicides survenus parmi les membres du personnel de la sécurité publique (PSP) au Canada (PSP : les travailleurs de services correctionnels, répartiteurs, pompiers, ambulanciers et policiers) a fait l'objet d'une importante attention médiatique. Cette attention a suscité des préoccupations importantes concernant l'impact de la santé mentale du service de la sécurité publique, ainsi qu'un intérêt au niveau des corrélations avec les risques de suicide. Il n'y a eu que deux études publiées sur les comportements suicidaires au long d'une vie parmi les membres du personnel de la sécurité publique au Canada. L'étude actuelle a été conçue pour évaluer le nombre d'idées, de projets et de tentatives de suicide au cours de la dernière année et pendant toute une vie parmi un large échantillon diversifié de membres du personnel de sécurité publique canadien. Les estimations d'idées, de projets et de tentatives de suicide ont été calculées à partir de données autodéclarées provenant d'une enquête nationale effectuée en ligne. Les participants comprenaient 5 148 membres du PSP (dont 33,4% de femmes) regroupés en six catégories (c.-à-d. opérateurs/répartiteurs de centre d'appels, travailleurs de services correctionnels, pompiers, policiers municipaux et provinciaux, ambulanciers et agents de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada). D'importantes proportions de participants ont déclaré avoir été victimes d'idées suicidaires (10,1 %, 27,8 %), de projets suicidaires (4,1 %, 13,3 %) ou de tentatives suicidaires (0,4 %, 4,6 %). Les femmes ont signalé un nombre significativement plus élevé de comportements suicidaires au long de leur vie que les hommes (rapport des cotes = 1,15 à 2,62). Des différences significatives ont été relevées entre les différentes catégories de membres du PSP en ce qui a trait aux déclarations de comportements suicidaires au cours de la dernière année et tout au long d'une vie. La proportion de membres du PSP canadien ayant déclaré avoir été victime de comportements suicidaires au cours de la dernière année ou au long de leur vie était considérable. Les estimations de comportements suicidaires au long d'une vie semblent être cohérentes avec les estimations de PSP internationales publiées précédemment et plus élevées que les déclarations de la population générale. Les policier municipaux/provinciaux ont connu la plus basse fréquence de comportements suicidaires au cours de la dernière année et au long de leur vie alors que les travailleurs des services correctionnels et les ambulanciers ont connu la fréquence la plus haute. Ces résultats apportent des premières preuves à l'effet que des portions importantes de membres divers du PSP canadien affichent des comportements suicidaires, justifiant la nécessité de ressources et de recherches supplémentaires.
Traces affective and aesthetic dimensions of medical imaging
technologies
Introduced in Phnom Penh around 1990, at the twilight of
socialism and after two decades of conflict and upheaval,
ultrasound ...took root in humanitarian and then privatized medicine.
Services have since multiplied, promising diagnostic information
and better prenatal and general health care. In Fixing the Image
Jenna Grant draws on years of ethnographic and archival research to
theorize the force and appeal of medical imaging in the urban
landscape of Phnom Penh. Set within long genealogies of technology
as tool of postcolonial modernity, and vision as central to skilled
diagnosis in medicine and Theravada Buddhism, ultrasound offers
stabilizing knowledge and elicits desire and pleasure, particularly
for pregnant women. Grant offers the concept of "fixing"-which
invokes repair, stabilization, and a dose of something to which one
is addicted-to illuminate how ultrasound is entangled with
practices of care and neglect across different domains. Fixing the
Image thus provides a method for studying technological practice in
terms of specific materialities and capacities of technologies-in
this case, image production and the permeability of the
body-illuminating how images are a material form of engagement
between patients, between patients and their doctors, and between
patients and their bodies.
Infection of the innocents Sherwood, Joan
Infection of the innocents,
c2010, 20100909, 2010, 2010-09-01, Letnik:
37, 37.
eBook
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries congenital syphilis was a major cause of infant mortality in France but mercury, the preferred treatment for the disease, could not be safely given to ...infants. In the 1780s the Vaugirard hospital in Paris began to treat affected infants by giving mercury to wet nurses, who transmitted it to infants through their milk. Despite the highly contagious nature of syphilis and the dangerous side-effects of mercury, the practice of using healthy wet nurses to treat syphilitic infants spread throughout France and continued into the nineteenth century.
In Project STAR, 11,571 students in Tennessee and their teachers were randomly assigned to classrooms within their schools from kindergarten to third grade. This article evaluates the long-term ...impacts of STAR by linking the experimental data to administrative records. We first demonstrate that kindergarten test scores are highly correlated with outcomes such as earnings at age 27, college attendance, home ownership, and retirement savings. We then document four sets of experimental impacts. First, students in small classes are significantly more likely to attend college and exhibit improvements on other outcomes. Class size does not have a significant effect on earnings at age 27, but this effect is imprecisely estimated. Second, students who had a more experienced teacher in kindergarten have higher earnings. Third, an analysis of variance reveals significant classroom effects on earnings. Students who were randomly assigned to higher quality classrooms in grades K-3—as measured by classmates' end-of-class test scores—have higher earnings, college attendance rates, and other outcomes. Finally, the effects of class quality fade out on test scores in later grades, but gains in noncognitive measures persist.
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