► Ultrasonic hydrolysis of conjugated phenolics is 10 times faster than conventional hydrolysis. ► Twenty natural phenolic antioxidants were separated and identified using GC-MS. ► Total phenolics ...were 12.4, 9.1 and 11.1mg/g in cranberry fruits, 100% juice and sauces, respectively. ► All of phenolic compounds are present predominantly in conjugated forms. ► Consumption of cranberry represents a significant source of total dietary phenolic antioxidants.
An ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC–MS) method has been developed for determination of phenolics in cranberry products. Prior to GC–MS separation and characterisation, the phenolics in samples were hydrolysed by hydrochloric acid with ultrasound-assistance, extracted with ethyl acetate, and derivatised with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)+1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) reagents. The application of ultrasonication significantly accelerated the acidic hydrolysation of the conjugated phenolics. A baseline separation of the 20 phenolics and internal standard was achieved in 25min. Standard calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 0.0–50μg/mL and detection limits were 0.06–0.70μg/mL. Twenty phenolics were identified in cranberry samples and all of them occurred mainly in conjugated forms. Of those, the benzoic acid, quercetin, and myricetin were most abundant phenolics. The total phenolics were 12.4mg/g in cranberry fruits, 9.1mg/mL in 100% cranberry juice, and 11.1mg/g in cranberry sauces, respectively.
In this study, five phenolic compounds, including quercetin, rutin, caffeic acid, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were added into myofibrillar protein (MP) suspensions to study ...their effects on the structural and gelation properties of protein when exposed hydroxyl radicals. Results showed that phenols delayed the changes of MP structure during of MP oxidation, including carbonylation, conversion of sulfhydryl to disulfide bond, and reduction of ϵ-NH2 group, thus changing the gelation behavior of MP. Most phenols can effectively weaken the sensitivity of MP to hydroxyl radicals and improve the gel properties of MP after oxidation. Among all samples, the quercetin-modified MP gel exhibited a dense and uniform microstructure, even better than the non-oxidized MP gel. However, perhaps due to the excessive unfold of MP structure, the gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC) and elastic modulus (G ′) of MP decreased significantly after caffeic acid modification, and the gel microstructure was also collapsed.
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•Effects of five phenols on myofibrillar protein under oxidation were studied.•All phenols alleviate the oxidative damage of protein caused by hydroxyl radicals.•Quercetin was most effective in improving the gel property of protein.•Caffeic acid is harmful to gelation behavior of protein under oxidation.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different carriers (maltodextrin, pectin, gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, whey protein, carrageenan and gum arabic) on the release kinetics ...and dissolution of Roselle's extract obtained through a spray drying process. Aqueous solutions at different concentrations of carrier and extract were prepared. The particles obtained exhibited nearly mono-modal or bimodal size distribution, indicating two predominant sizes. The frequency distribution of the mean size of the powders behaved, significantly, like a normal distribution. Throughout the dissolution test, all the particles obtained followed a Weibull-First Order kinetic model. Pectin retained the highest amount of polyphenols after the drying process (98.20 mg GAE/100 mg GAE of roselle concentrate) and released the highest amount of phenolic compounds (79.48 mg GAE/100 mg GAE in the particles) during a longer time. Pectin particles obtained (9 μm as mean size) were significantly homogeneous (93.45 g/100 g powder), being the most suitable carrier of Roselle's phenolic compounds compared to the other carriers used. Estimated dissolution times, by means of the dissolution equation proposed, were compared to experimental results and proved to be more reliable than the regularly used observation method.
•The aim was to investigate the effect of some carriers on Roselle's extract release.•All the particles obtained followed a Weibull-First Order kinetic model.•Pectin retained the highest amount of polyphenols after the drying process.•Pectin released the highest amount of phenolic compounds during a longer time.•Estimated dissolution times proved to be more reliable than the observation method.
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•Anaerobic phenolics degradation was improved in the coupled system with electric field and FeBC (E-FB).•The synergistic effects between electric field and FeBC were ...confirmed.•Abundant functional microorganisms were enriched in E-FB.•Benzoyl-CoA pathway and CO2-reduction methanogenesis were enhanced in E-FB.
Anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater is usually limited by the inhibition of high concentration of phenolics. In this study, the Fe3O4 loaded biochar (FeBC) coupled with electric field (E-FB) was used to enhance anaerobic phenolics degradation. E-FB significantly accelerated anaerobic removal of phenol, p-cresol and 3,5-xylenol with methane production improved by 84.2 % compared to the control, where FeBC contributed most. E-FB improved anodic oxidation capacity, adsorption-biodegradation and Fe (III) reduction process, which resulted from the synergistic effects between electric field and FeBC. E-FB significantly enhanced the microbial activity and extracellular electron transfer (EET) in the suspended sludge with the maximum electron transfer system activity (132.9 %), cytochrome C (7.2 nmol/g MLSS) and adenosine triphosphate contents (87.8 nmol/ g MLSS) obtained. Compared with FB, E-FB stimulated the secretion of proteins and humic acid-like substances in extracellular polymeric substance, which could contribute to higher EET efficiency. More abundant phenol degrading bacteria, dissimilatory iron reducing bacteria, electroactive bacteria and potential direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) partners (e.g., Geobacter and Methanobacterium) were enriched in E-FB especially on the anode. The benzoyl-CoA pathway on the anode and CO2-reduction methanogenesis (possibly via DIET) in the suspended sludge and anode were improved in E-FB.
•Morinda citrifolia L. leaves (MCLs) extracts were obtained by traditional and eco-friendly extraction solvents.•HPLC profiles of MCLs were first analyzed by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS technique.•Biological ...properties were tested for antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory effect and antimicrobial activity.•Biological activities were dependent on the extraction solvents.•M. citrifolia L. leaves could be a good candidate to design novel products.
Morinda citrifolia L. leaves (MCLs) have attracted considerable interest in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and food industries owing to its medicinal properties. This present work aims to investigate the influences of extraction solvents such as water, organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) and eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), biological properties, and antimicrobial activity of MCLs extracts. Results indicated that the MCLs extracts extracted by three types of DESs exhibited the highest TPC (25.17–30.93 mg GAE/g DW), while that extracted by ethyl acetate as extraction solvent had the lowest TPC and TFC. Phenolic compositions of the MCLs extracts were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Among them, gallic acid, orientin, rutin and ferulic acid were the dominant components in the MCLs extracts obtained by different solvents. In addition, the three DESs also showed more excellent performances on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and hydroxyl free radical (OH−) scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and anti-microbial activity than traditional solvents. 50% ethanol/methanol were the most effective extraction solvent for inhibition of α-glucosidase. The results of multivariate analysis highlighted the influence of solvents on the TPC and biological activities of MCLs extracts. These findings clearly indicate that DESs can be used as the most effective solvents for extraction of phenolic compounds from MCLs extracts. The results suggest that the MCLs can be a promising source enriched with bio-active constituents for application in the pharmaceutical industries.
Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites and water-soluble pigments belonging to the phenolic group, with important functions in nature such as seed dispersal, pollination and development of plant ...organs. In addition to these important roles in plant life, anthocyanins are also used as natural pigments in various industries, due to the color palette they can produce from red to blue and purple. In addition, recent research has reported that anthocyanins have important antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which can be used in the chemoprevention of various diseases such as diabetes, obesity and even cancer. However, anthocyanins have a major disadvantage, namely their low stability. Thus, their stability is influenced by a number of factors such as pH, light, temperature, co-pigmentation, sulfites, ascorbic acid, oxygen and enzymes. As such, this review aims at summarizing the effects of these factors on the stability of anthocyanins and their degradation. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability of anthocyanins, in order to minimize their negative action and subsequently potentiate their beneficial health effects.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of different solvents (water, 60% methanol, 60% ethanol and 60% acetone) and methods (conventional solvent extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, ...microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-microwave assisted extraction) on the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) pulp. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay was used to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH and ABTS assays. The phenolic profiles in different extracts were identified using the UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS technique. The results showed that significant differences (p < 0.05) in TPC were found among different extraction methods, the microwave-assisted extraction with 60% ethanol had the highest TPC (2.40 mg GAE/g) compared with the extracts obtained from other methods. Meanwhile, the highest DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation was found in the 60% ethanol-MAE extracts. Correlation analysis further showed a significant positive correlation between TPC and antioxidant activity (R2 > 0.8, p < 0.001). Seventy-eight phenolic compounds were identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis. The most abundant phenolic compounds in jackfruit pulp were identified in negative mode, with 60% ethanol-MAE being the most effective. The quantity of phenolic compounds extracted varied with different extraction methods indicated that the extraction methods had effects on the phytochemical characteristics.
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•Polyphenols from jackfruit pulp were extracted using four different extraction methods.•UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS is applied to identify phenolics in different extracts.•Ethanol-MAE extracts had the strongest antioxidant activity.•The antioxidant activity and TPC of the extracts have a significant positive correlation.
Phenolic compounds, widely distributed in nature, encompass a diverse array of bioactive and antioxidant properties. The detection of different phenolic compound types holds paramount importance in ...elucidating their bioactivity and health effects, ensuring the quality and safety of food and drugs. Consequently, the development of simple, rapid, and cost-effective colorimetric sensing arrays capable of simultaneous phenolic compound detection has emerged as a prominent research pursuit. In this study, we present a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped MnO2 nanoflowers (NMF). NMF possess an extensive specific surface area and abundant oxygen vacancies, effectively mimicking the activity of natural laccase. Leveraging this laccase-like activity, NMF demonstrates the ability to catalyze various phenolic compounds, generating distinctive fingerprint signals. Notably, the developed colorimetric sensing array exhibits remarkable efficacy in effectively identifying and differentiating phenolic compounds within complex mixtures. Furthermore, the NMF colorimetric sensing array demonstrates successful identification of phenolic compounds in diverse environments, including food and urine samples. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design of transition metal materials for the simulation of laccase and colorimetric sensing arrays. It provides a promising avenue for the development of advanced detection platforms for phenolic compounds.
The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of cocoa beans and chocolate produced from spontaneous and inoculated fermentations of different cocoa varieties were ...evaluated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as conventional methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), was used to determine TAC and TPC. Chocolate showed higher (p<0.05) TPC (47.17–57.16mgGAE/g) and TAC (1.66–2.33mMTE/g and 8.86–11.35mMTE/g as measured by DPPH and ABTS, respectively) than cocoa beans (6.30–26.05mgGAE/g, 0.24–1.17mMTE/g and 1.29–4.83mMTE/g for TPC, DPPH and ABTS, respectively). Partial least square (PLS) model for infrared data showed a good calibration coefficient (R2cal>0.94), indicating that the FTIR technique represents a fast and reliable tool to evaluate TPC and TAC in cocoa beans and chocolate.
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•Antioxidant capacity was evaluated in chocolate and cocoa beans from different variety.•Chocolates showed higher TPC and TAC than cocoa beans.•Chocolate produced by spontaneous fermentation of PH15 showed the lowest TPC and TAC.•Cocoa variety and yeast inoculation affect TPC and TAC of chocolate.•FTIR is a reliable tool to evaluate TPC and TAC in cocoa beans and chocolate.
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