A general approach to 3‐azabicyclo3.1.1heptanes by reduction of spirocyclic oxetanyl nitriles was developed. The mechanism, scope, and scalability of this transformation were studied. The core was ...incorporated into the structure of the antihistamine drug Rupatidine instead of the pyridine ring, which led to a dramatic improvement in physicochemical properties.Dedicated to the people of Ukraine
Precise control over the size, shape, composition, structure, and crystal phase of random alloy and intermetallic nanocrystals has been intensively explored in technologically important applications ...in recent years. Different from the monometallic nanocrystals and other types of structural nanocrystals such as core–shell and heterostructured nanocrystals, well-defined multimetallic random alloy and intermetallic nanocrystals exhibit unique and intriguing physicochemical properties, serving as ideal models for benefiting the structure-to-property studies. As such, random alloy and intermetallic nanocrystals have attracted extensive attention and interest in scientific research and shown huge potential in various fields. In this review, we focus specifically on summarizing the synthetic principles and strategies developed to form random alloy and intermetallic nanocrystals with enhanced performance. Some representative examples are purposely selected for emphasizing basic concepts and mechanistic understanding. We then highlight the fascinating properties and widespread applications of random alloy and intermetallic nanocrystals in electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, optical and photocatalysis, as well as magnetism and conclude the review by addressing the prospects and current challenges for the controlled synthesis of random alloy and intermetallic nanocrystals.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an emerging class of mixtures characterized by significant depressions in melting points compared to those of the neat constituent components. These materials are ...promising for applications as inexpensive “designer” solvents exhibiting a host of tunable physicochemical properties. A detailed review of the current literature reveals the lack of predictive understanding of the microscopic mechanisms that govern the structure–property relationships in this class of solvents. Complex hydrogen bonding is postulated as the root cause of their melting point depressions and physicochemical properties; to understand these hydrogen bonded networks, it is imperative to study these systems as dynamic entities using both simulations and experiments. This review emphasizes recent research efforts in order to elucidate the next steps needed to develop a fundamental framework needed for a deeper understanding of DESs. It covers recent developments in DES research, frames outstanding scientific questions, and identifies promising research thrusts aligned with the advancement of the field toward predictive models and fundamental understanding of these solvents.
Graphdiyne (GDY) composed by sp2 and sp carbon atoms has aroused a widespread interest in various fields due to its excellent physicochemical properties. This review systematically summarizes the ...recent synthetic methods and post-modifications of GDY and GDY-based materials for photocatalysis. It also provides a useful guidance for the development of GDY for energy and environmental applications.
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•The unique physical and chemical properties of M−CDs are discussed.•The synthesis methods of M−CDs are introduced and compared in detail.•The applications of M−CDs are ...elaborated.•The challenges and future perspective of M−CDs were proposed.
Doping is an effective approach to regulate the physicochemical properties of carbon dots (CDs) and has received increasing attention in recent years. After CDs are doped with heteroatoms, their electronic structure, nanostructure, and chemical composition will be changed due to the overlapping atomic orbitals of the heteroatoms and carbon atoms, as well as the push/pull electron effect of heteroatoms. As compared with the non-metallic atoms, metal ions have more electron and unoccupied orbitals, and larger atomic radius, doping CDs with metal ions may induce noticeable alterations of the optical, electronic, and magnetic properties by changing the electron density distribution and energy gap of the CDs. In this review, we summarize the synthesis methods of metal ions-doped CDs (M−CDs), discuss the novel physicochemical properties originating from the doping of metal ions, and provide examples of applications in sensing, imaging, phototherapy, optoelectronics, and catalysis. Furthermore, we describe challenges in preparing M−CDs and provide an outlook for their future development.
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•Classification of biodiesel generations on the basis of the type of feedstocks is covered.•Botanical description and growth condition requirements of jatropha are ...discussed.•Physicochemical properties and fatty acid profile of jatropha biodiesel are analyzed.•Production of biodiesel from jatropha oil with different techniques is summarized.•Performance and emissions characteristics of C.I. engine fuelled with jatropha biodiesel are reviewed.
Due to limited reserves of conventional fossil fuels and their negative impact on global climate and human health, researches are focused to find the alternate energy substitute. Comparable properties of biodiesel make it one of the most promising alternatives of conventional diesel fuel. Jatropha curcas oil (non-edible oil) belongs to the second-generation of biodiesel. In this review, the physicochemical properties, fatty acids distribution, stability of jatropha oil are discussed in detail. The change in fatty acid profile affects the fuel properties, performance and emissions of diesel engines operated on jatropha biodiesel. Oxidation stability of jatropha biodiesel is poor due to the high amount of unsaturated fatty acids. Blending, thermal cracking, micro-emulsification, and transesterification are four basic approaches for production of biodiesel. Transesterification is the most adoptive method due to less expensive operation and high product yield. This article also highlighted the performance and emissions of compression ignition engines operated on jatropha biodiesel and its blends. The lower calorific value of jatropha biodiesel is responsible for the decrease in brake thermal efficiency and an increase in brake specific fuel consumption. High availability of oxygen in jatropha biodiesel reduces HC, CO, and PM emissions, while NOx emission increases significantly. This article provides the most of details of optimum parameters for jatropha biodiesel production and its efficient use in diesel engines.
The successful synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals with controlled shapes offers many opportunities to not only maneuver their physicochemical properties but also optimize their figures of merit in ...a wide variety of applications. In particular, heterogeneous catalysis and surface science have benefited enormously from the availability of this new class of nanomaterials as the atomic structure presented on the surface of a nanocrystal is ultimately determined by its geometric shape. The immediate advantages may include significant enhancement in catalytic activity and/or selectivity and substantial reduction in materials cost while providing a well-defined model system for mechanistic study. With a focus on the monometallic system, this review article provides a comprehensive account of recent progress in the development of noble-metal nanocrystals with controlled shapes, in addition to their remarkable performance in a large number of catalytic and electrocatalytic reactions. We hope that this review article offers the impetus and roadmap for the development of next-generation catalysts vital to a broad range of industrial applications.
•Ferrocenyl-substituted cyclohexenone and indazole derivatives as effective antimycobacterial agents.•Displayed the capacity to effectively suppress the formation of biofilms and disrupt pre-formed ...biofilms.•Indazole derivative 3b showed potential interactions with the target enzyme as revealed by docking studies and validated by enzyme assay.•Demonstrated good ADMET properties, passed Lipinski's filters, and demonstrated good drug-like properties.•The potential of compound 3b as a potential lead molecule that could be further optimized to develop ferrocene incorporating indazole based antimycobacterial agents.
In response to the escalating threat of mycobacterial infections, including extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR), we synthesized novel ferrocene incorporating cyclohexenone and indazole derivatives. The compounds were synthesized via multistep reaction approach starting from chalcone precursors and evaluated against Mycobacterium fortuitum. The MIC and MBC values were calculated by following CLSI guidelines, with a focus on their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and disrupt biofilm formation. All the test compounds showed potent in vitro antimycobacterial activity against M. fortuitum. The MIC values range from 3.907 µg/mL to 500 µg/mL, whereas the MBC values range from 15.625 µg/mL to >500 µg/mL. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 3b exhibited potent antimycobacterial activity compared with standard drug Amikacin used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. 3b demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth and showed the capacity to effectively suppress biofilm formation and disrupt pre-existing biofilms. This molecule also displayed favourable ADMET profile and good oral bioavailability, besides showing potential interactions with the target enzyme as revealed by docking studies and validated by enzyme assay. Collectively, these studies position 3b as a potential lead molecule that could be further optimized to develop ferrocene incorporating indazole based antimycobacterial agents.
In this study, we developed punicalagin-loaded antimicrobial films based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and apple pectin (AP). The AP was derived from apple pomace waste while the punicalagin was ...obtained from pomegranate peel. Punicalagin was identified to exist in both α- and β-isomers, with the β-type being predominant. The composite films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Our results demonstrated that the incorporation of AP significantly enhanced the mechanical strength, heat resistance, and barrier properties of the films. Moreover, the composite films integrated with punicalagin exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (with a minimum bactericidal concentration value of 0.25 %), Escherichia coli (with a minimum bactericidal concentration value of 0.50 %), and Aspergillus niger. Finally, these antimicrobial film solutions were tested as coatings on strawberries and found to have significantly better effects on reducing weight loss, improving shelf-life, and maintaining the freshness of strawberries compared to coatings without punicalagin. The results indicate that antimicrobial coatings loaded with punicalagin hold great promise as multifunctional active packaging materials for fruit preservation.
•Pomegranate punicalagin isolated from pomegranate peels was characterized.•A series of edible antibacterial films were fabricated using the casting method.•Structural, physical, and antimicrobial properties of all films were assessed.•The investigation of films in fruit preservation: application and mechanism.
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